[133] W. H. Holmes, Geographical Survey, part iii., p. 404, plate xliv. "This plate is intended to illustrate the corrugated and indented ware. Heretofore specimens of this class have been quite rare, as it is not made by any of the modern tribes."
[134] Holmes, pp. 404, 405.
[135] Even the estufa and the almacena are found. The round depression near the road to the Rio Pecos (marked L on the general plan) is evidently an Estufa, while the circular ruin which I met upon the apron of the mesa during my ascent appears very much like a storehouse.
[136] House A alone appears in these reports; but from the statement that the tribe mustered 500 warriors, it seems probable that B was also inhabited. 2,500 souls could hardly have found room in the 585 cells of A, The number of warriors given is doubtless a loose estimate.
[137] San Diego, now in ruins, about 13 miles N. of the pueblo Jemez, was the old pueblo of that tribe. It was the scene of a bloody struggle in 1692, according to the story of Hoosta-Nazlé, given to General Simpson in 1849. Reconnoissance, etc., p. 68. Diego de Vargas (Carta, Oct. 16, 1692), Documentos para la Historia de México, 3a séries, i. p. 131. "Los Gemex y los de Santo-Domingo se hallaban en otro tambien nuevo, dentro de la Sierra, á tres leguas del pueblo antiguo de Gemex." Nearly all the pueblos, upon the approach of the Spaniards, fled to steep and high mesas.
[138] This is the same cañon whose source on the "Mesa de Pecos" I have visited, and where the great bell was found. It is the natural pathway, from the W. and S. W., up to the heights overlooking the valley of Pecos.
[139] A. S. Gatchet, Zwölf Sprachen aus dem Südwesten Nord-Amerika's, Weimar, 1876, p. 41.
[140] I infer it from the fact that it is not noticed previous to 1680. Agustin de Vetancurt, Crónica de la Provincia del Santo Evangelio en México, edition of 1871, pp. 310, 311. It then contained 2,000 "Tiguas;" but the church dedicated to San Antonio de Padua had just been brought under cover when the rebellion broke out.
[141] Castañeda, ii. cap. v. pp. 178, 179.
[142] Castañeda, pp. 189, 190. Jaramillo, pp. 372-382. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Letter to Charles V., dated Tigues, Oct. 20, 1541. Appendix to Voyage de Cibola, pp. 356-359.