(1) To prevent the recognition of a gas when actually present on the field, by masking its odor.
TABLE I
Chemical Warfare Gases
| Chemical | Belligerent | Effect | Means of Projection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acrolein (allylaldehyde) | French | Lachrymatory | Hand grenades |
| Lethal | |||
| Arsenic chloride | ([In mixtures. See below]) | ||
| Benzyl iodide | French | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Benzyl chloride | French | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Bromoacetone | French | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Lethal | |||
| Bromobenzylcyanide | French | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Bromomethylethylketone | German | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Lethal | Artillery shell | ||
| Benzyl bromide | German | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| French | |||
| Chlorine | German | Lethal | Cylinders |
| British | (cloud gas) | ||
| French | |||
| American | |||
| Chlorosulfonic acid | German | Irritant | Hand grenades, |
| light minenwerfer | |||
| Chloroacetone | French | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Chlorobenzene (as solvent) | German | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Chloropicrin | British | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| French | Lachrymatory | Trench mortar bombs | |
| German | Projectors | ||
| American | |||
| Cyanogen bromide | Austrian | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Dichloromethylether | German | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| (as solvent) | |||
| Diphenylchloroarsine | German | Sternutatory | Artillery shell |
| Lethal | |||
| Dichloroethylsulfide | German | Vesicant | Artillery shell |
| French | Lethal | ||
| British | Irritant | ||
| American | |||
| Ethyldichloroarsine | German | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Ethyliodoacetate | British | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell, |
| 4-in. Stokes’ mortars, | |||
| hand grenades | |||
| Hydrocyanic acid | French | ([In mixtures. See below]) | Lachrymatory |
| Methylchlorosulfonate | German | Irritant | Minenwerfer |
| Monochloromethylchloroformate | French | Lachrymatory | Lachrymatory |
| Phosgene | British | Lethal | Projectors, |
| French | trench mortars, | ||
| German | artillery shell, | ||
| American | cylinders | ||
| Phenylcarbylaminechloride | German | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Irritant | |||
| Trichlormethylchloroformate | German | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Stannic chloride | British | Irritant | Hand grenades |
| French | Cloud forming | Artillery | |
| American | Projectors | ||
| 4-in. Stokes’ | |||
| mortar bombs | |||
| Sulfuric anhydride | German | Irritant | Hand grenades, |
| minenwerfer, | |||
| artillery shell | |||
| Xylyl bromide | German | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
TABLE I—Continued
| Chemical | Belligerent | Effect | Means of Projection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mixtures[4] | |||
| Bromoacetone (80%) and | French | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Chloroacetone (20%) | Lethal | ||
| Chlorine (50%) and | British | Lethal | Cylinders |
| Phosgene (50%) | German | ||
| Chlorine (70%) and | British | Lethal | Cylinders |
| Chloropicrin (30%) | Lachrymatory | ||
| Chloropicrin (65%) and | British | Lethal | Cylinders |
| Hydrogen sulfide (35%) | Lachrymatory | ||
| Chloropicrin (80%) and | British | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Stannic chloride (20%) | French | Lachrymatory | Trench mortar bombs |
| American | Irritant | Projectors | |
| Chloropicrin (75%) and | Lethal | Artillery shell | |
| Phosgene (25%) | British | Lachrymatory | Trench mortar bombs, |
| projectors | |||
| Dichloroethyl sulfide (80%) | German | Vesicant | |
| and Chlorobenzene (20%) | French | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| British | |||
| American | |||
| Ethyl carbazol (50%) and | German | Sternutatory | Artillery shell |
| Diphenylcyanoarsine (50%) | Lethal | ||
| Ethyldichloroarsine (80%) and | German | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Dichloromethylether (20%) | Lachrymatory | ||
| Ethyliodoacetate (75%) and | Artillery shell, | ||
| Alcohol (25%) | British | Lachrymatory | 4-in. Stokes’ mortars, |
| hand grenades | |||
| Hydrocyanic acid (55%) | British | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Chloroform (25%) and | |||
| Arsenious chloride (20%) | |||
| Hydrocyanic acid (50%), | |||
| Arsenious chloride (30%), | French | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Stannic chloride (15%) and | |||
| Chloroform (5%) | |||
| Phosgene (50%) and | British | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Arsenious chloride (50%) | |||
| Dichloroethyl sulfide (80%) | German | Vesicant | |
| and Carbon tetrachloride (20%) | French | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| British | |||
| American | |||
| Phosgene (60%) and | British | Lethal | Artillery shell |
| Stannic chloride (40%) | French | Irritant | |
| Methyl sulfate (75%) and | French | Lachrymatory | Artillery shell |
| Chloromethyl sulfate (25%) | Irritant |
(2) To simulate the presence of a toxic gas. This may be done either by using a substance whose odor in the field strongly suggests that of the gas in question, or by so thoroughly associating a totally different odor with a particular “gas” in normal use that, when used alone, it still seems to imply the presence of that gas. This use of imitation gas would thus be of service in economizing the use of actual “gas” or in the preparation of surprise attacks.
While there was some success with this kind of “gas,” very few such attacks were really carried out, and these were in connection with projector attacks.
Gases Used
[Table I] gives a list of all the gases used by the various armies, the nation which used them, the effect produced and the means of projection used.