[Table II] gives the properties of the more important war cases (compiled by Major R. E. Wilson, C. W. S.).
The gases used by the Germans may also be classified by the names of the shell in which they were used. [Table III] gives such a classification.
Markings for American Shell
In selecting markings for American chemical shell, red bands were used to denote persistency, white bands to denote non-persistency and lethal properties, yellow bands to denote smoke, and purple bands to denote incendiary action. The number of bands indicates the relative strength of the property indicated; thus, three red bands denote a gas more persistent than one red band.
The following shell markings were actually used:
| 1 White | Diphenylchloroarsine |
| 2 White | Phosgene |
| 1 White, 1 red | Chloropicrin |
| 1 White, 1 red, 1 white | 75% Chloropicrin, 25% Phosgene |
| 1 White, 1 red, 1 yellow | 80% Chloropicrin, 20% Stannic Chloride |
| 1 Red | Bromoacetone |
| 2 Red | Bromobenzylcyanide |
| 3 Red | Mustard Gas |
| 1 Yellow | White Phosphorus |
| 2 Yellow | Titanium Tetrachloride |
TABLE II
Physical Constants of Important War Gases
| Name of Gas | Formula | Molecular Weight | Liquid Density at 20° C. under Own Pressure | Melting point, °C. | Boiling point, °C. | Vapor Pressure at 20° C. (mm. Hg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bromoacetone | C₃H₅BrO | 136.98 | 1.7(?) | - 54 | 126 | 9(?) |
| Carbon monoxide | CO | 28.00 | (Gas) | -207 | -190 | (Gas) |
| Cyanogen bromide | BrCN | 106.02 | 2.01 | 52 | 61.3 | 89 |
| Cyanogen chloride | ClCN | 61.56 | 1.186 | - 6 | 15 | 1002 |
| Chlorine | Cl₂ | 70.92 | 1.408 | -101.5 | 33.6 | 5126 |
| Chloropicrin | Cl₃C(NO₂) | 164.39 | 1.654 | - 69.2 | 112 | 18.9 |
| Dichloroethyl sulfide | (CH₃CHCl₂)S | 169.06 | 1.274 | 12.5 | 216 | .06 |
| Diphenylchloroarsine | (C₆H₅)₂AsCl | 264.56 | 1.422 | 44 | 333 | .0025 |
| Hydrocyanic acid | HCN | 27.11 | .697 | - 14 | 26.1 | 603 |
| Phenyldichloroarsine | C₆H₅AsCl₂ | 210.96 | 1.640 | ... | 253 | .022 |
| Phosgene | COCl₂ | 98.92 | 1.38 | ... | 8.2 | 1215 |
| Stannic chloride | SnCl₄ | 260.54 | 2.226 | - 33 | 114 | 18.58 |
| Superpalite | CCl₃COOCl | 197.85 | 1.65 | ... | 128 | 10.3 |
| Xylyl bromide | ( CH₃)C₆H₄CH₂Br | 185.03 | 1.381 | - 2 | 214.5 | ... |
TABLE III