[44] S. Holth, “Greco-Roman and Arabic Bronze Instruments and Their Medico-Surgical Use,” Skriften utgit an Videnskapsselskapet I Kristrania (1919), page 1 (below). Holth lists the content of lead, tin, zinc, iron, copper, and cobalt found in a number of ancient bronze medical items in his collection, which formerly belonged to Baron Ustinov of Russia. These instruments were unearthed in Syria and Palestine from 1872 to 1890.
[45] An occasional curious item like the spring lancet on display in the Welch Medical Library of the Johns Hopkins University is an exception.
[46] Milne, op cit. [note [43]], pages 35-36.
[47] Laurence Heister, A General System of Surgery in Three Parts, translated into English (London, 1759), 7th edition, page 294.
[48] Gurlt, op. cit. [note [1]], volume III, page 558.
[49] G. Gaujot and E. Spillman, Arsenal de la Chirurgie Contemporaine (Paris: J. B. Bailliere et fils, 1872), pages 274-276.
[50] Milne, op. cit. [note [43]], page 33.
[51] Garrison, op. cit. [note [38]], page 433.
[52] Sir William Ferguson, Lectures on the Progress of Anatomy and Surgery during the Present Century (London: John Churchill & Sons, 1867), page 284.
[53] James Ewell, The Medical Companion (Philadelphia, 1816), pages 405, 406.