[13] Cf. Spanish.
[14] For some exceptions see Rom., XXXII, 591; P. Marchot, Phon., p. 9.
[15] Cf. R. Karch, Die nordfranzösischen Elemente im Altprovenzalischen, 1901.
[17] There is no diphthong in the preterit ending -ęc: cazęc, etc.
[18] This view is a modification of the theory developed by C. Voretzsch in his admirable treatise, Zur Geschichte der Diphthongierung im Altprovenzalischen, Halle, 1900. That ę is not affected by an i in the following syllable is shown by such words as empęri, evangęli, saltęri, which must have been adopted fairly early. The same thing is true of ǫ: apostǫli, ǫli, etc.
[19] The diphthong of ǫ occurs, however, in this text, v. 203, in uel ＜ ŏculi.
[20] Derrier (derer, dereer), beside dereire, is manifestly due to the influence of primier. To the influence of the same ending -ier, as in carr(i)eira, is to be ascribed the diphthong in cad(i)eira ＜ cathĕdra.
[21] The things just said of ę are true of ǫ: there is no breaking before u ＜ l (tǫut = tǫlt) nor before ts, dz, s, z (nŏcet ＞ nǫtz, ✱nŏptias ＞ nǫssas).
[22] The conditions are not quite the same as for e: an ę does not break before a labial (nęps) nor before n´ (vęnha). Breaking before g and k seems more general for ǫ than for ę.