[3] This paragraph is taken from “Animal Life and Intelligence,” p. 28.

[4] The following paragraphs are taken with some slight changes from “Animal Life and Intelligence,” pp. 30–35.

[5] D. H. Scott, “An Introduction to Structural Botany,” part ii., “Flowerless Plants,” pp. 70, 71.

[6] Ibid., p. 71.

[7] Kerner, “Natural History of Plants,” translated by F. W. Oliver, vol. i., p. 145.

[8] Kerner, “Natural History of Plants,” vol. i., p. 536.

[9] Kerner, “Natural History of Plants,” vol. ii., p. 132.

[10] Darwin, “Fertilization of Orchids,” 2nd edit., pp. 191, 192.

[11] “Mental Evolution in Animals,” p. 50.

[12] Ibid., p. 51.