[2.] gesche´he (optative subj., expressing “concession”), may happen; may be done.
[3.] ohne daß . . . merkten. The preposition ohne cannot govern the infinitive mit zu (see [page 12, note 4]), when there is a change of subject, but must then be followed by a clause beginning with daß.
Page 46.—
[1.] sich (dat. pl. of reflex. pronoun), for possess. pronoun ihren Weg, cf. [page 1, note 8].
[2.] sie, refers to Länder.
[3.] As with the preposition ohne (cf. [page 12, note 4]), the infinitive with zu is used with the preposition anstatt (or statt) when the subject of the infinitive is the same as that of the leading verb. It corresponds to English instead of with the verb-noun in -ing.
[4.] wieder zu sich kommen (phrase), cf. [page 7, note 2].
Page 47.—
[1.] was (= das, was, correlative), indef. neuter sing. for masc. and fem. pl. die, welche.
[2.] es (neuter). Note agreement with grammatical gender of Menschenkind.