ut ad senem senex dē senectūte, sīc hōc librō ad amīcum amīcissimus dē amīcitiā scrīpsī, as I, an old man, wrote to an old man, on old age, so in this book, as a fond friend, I have written to a friend, concerning friendship.
11. Special rhetorical devices for indicating emphasis are the following:—
a) Hypérbaton, which consists in the separation of words that regularly stand together; as,—
septimus mihi Orīginum liber est in manibus, the seventh book of my 'Origines' is under way;
receptō Caesar Ōricō proficīscitur, having recovered Oricus, Caesar set out.
b) Anáphora, which consists in the repetition of the same word or the same word-order in successive phrases; as,—
sed plēnī omnēs sunt librī, plēnae sapientium vōcēs, plēna exemplōrum vetustās, but all books are full of it, the voices of sages are full of it, antiquity is full of examples of it.
c) Chiásmus,[[59]] which consists in changing the relative order of words in two antithetical phrases; as,—
multōs dēfendī, laesī nēminem, many have I defended, I have injured no one;
horribilem illum diem aliīs, nōbīs faustum, that day dreadful to others, for us fortunate.
d) Sýnchysis, or the interlocked arrangement. This is mostly confined to poetry, yet occurs in rhetorical prose, especially that of the Imperial Period; as,—
simulātam Pompejānārum grātiam partium, pretended interest in the Pompeian party.