[424-6] Debosh’d means debauched.
[425-7] A natural is a fool or a simpleton.
[425-8] Stephano means “You shall be hanged on the next tree.”
[425-9] As Ariel is invisible, each thinks another has spoken.
[425-10] “This thing“ is Caliban himself.
[426-11] The court fools or jesters of that day wore clothes of many colors—were pied, that is, dappled.
[426-12] Patch is another word referring to the parti-colored clothing of the jester.
[426-13] The quick freshes are the running springs of fresh water.
[426-14] Stock-fish is a word used in the writings of that period to mean some kind of a fixture, which men struck with their fists or with cudgels in practicing boxing and fighting.
[427-15] Stephano speaks first to Caliban, then to Trinculo.