4. [Viburnum rufidulum] Raf. Black Haw.
Leaves elliptic to obovate or oval, rounded, acute, or short-pointed at apex, cuneate or rounded at base, and finely serrate with slender apiculate straight or incurved teeth, covered below and on the wings of the petiole with thick ferrugineous tomentum when they unfold and at maturity coriaceous, dark green and very lustrous above, pale and dull below, usually about 3′ long and ¾′—1½′ wide, with a stout yellow midrib, numerous slender primary veins, and reticulate veinlets more or less covered below throughout the season with rufous tomentum also occasionally found on the upper side of the midrib; petioles stout, grooved, ½′—¾′ long, and margined with broad or narrow wings. Flowers ¼′ in diameter, in sessile 3—5 but usually 4-rayed thick-stemmed ferrugineo-pubescent flat corymbs often 5′—6′ in diameter, with minute subulate bracts and bractlets; corolla creamy white, with orbicular or oblong rounded lobes. Fruit ripening in October, in few-fruited drooping red-stemmed clusters, short-oblong or slightly obovoid, bright blue covered with a glaucous bloom, and ½′—⅔′ long; stone ½′ long and about ⅓′ wide.
A tree, often 40° high, with a trunk 12′—18′ in diameter, short thick branches forming an open irregular head, and stout branchlets marked by numerous small red-brown or orange lenticels, when they first appear more or less coated with ferrugineous tomentum, ashy gray during their first winter, and dark dull red-brown in their second season. Winter-buds ferrugineo-tomentose, those containing flower-bearing branchlets broad-ovoid, full and rounded at base, short-pointed and obtuse at apex, compressed, often ½′ long and ⅓′ wide, and rather larger than those containing sterile branchlets. Bark of the trunk ¼′—½′ thick, separating into narrow rounded ridges divided by numerous cross fissures, and roughened by small plate-like dark brown scales tinged with red. Wood bad-smelling.
Distribution. Dry upland woods and the margins of river-bottom lands; southwestern Virginia and southern Indiana and Illinois to Hernando County, Florida, and through the Gulf States to the valleys of the upper Guadalupe River and of Clear Creek, Brown County, Texas, and to eastern and southwestern Oklahoma (on the Wichita Mountains, Comanche County), eastern Kansas and Central Missouri; most abundant and of its largest size in southern Arkansas, western Louisiana, and eastern Texas.
Occasionally cultivated in the eastern states, and hardy as far north as eastern Massachusetts.
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
[[A]] [[B]] [[C]] [[D]] [[E]] [[F]] [[G]] [[H]] [[I]] [J] [K] [[L]] [[M]] [[N]] [[O]] [[P]] [Q] [[R]] [[S]] [[T]] [[U]] [[V]] [[W]] [X] [Y] [Z]
A Accrescent. Increasing in size with age. Accumbent. Lying against, as the radicle against the edges of the cotyledons. Acuminate. Gradually tapering to the apex. Acute. Pointed. Adnate. Congenitally united to. Adventitious. Said of buds produced without order from any part of a stem. Æstivation. The arrangement of the parts of a flower in the bud. Akene or achene. A small dry and hard, 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent fruit. Albumen. The deposit of nutritive material within the coats of a seed and surrounding the embryo. Ament. A unisexual spike of flowers with scaly bracts, usually deciduous in one piece. Amphitropous. Descriptive of an ovule with the hilum intermediate between the micropyle and chalaza. Anatropous. Descriptive of a reversed ovule, with the micropyle close by the side of the hilum, and chalaza at the opposite end. Andro-diœcious. With perfect flowers on one individual and staminate flowers only on another. Androgynous. Applied to an inflorescence composed of male and female flowers. Angiospermæ. Plants with seeds borne in a pericarp. Annular. In the form of a ring. Anterior. The front side of a flower, that is averse from the axis of inflorescence. Anther. The part of the stamen containing the pollen. Anthesis. The act of opening of a flower. Apetalous. Having no petals. Apex. The top, as the end of the leaf opposite the petiole. Apiculate. Ending in a short pointed tip. Apophysis. An enlargement or swelling of the surface of an organ. Arcuate. Moderately curved. Areolate. Marked by areolæ or spaces marked out on a surface. Aril. An extraneous seed-coat or covering, or an appendage growing about the hilum of a seed. Ariloid. Furnished with an aril. Aristate. Furnished with awns. Articulate. Jointed or having the appearance of a joint. Auricled or auriculate. Furnished with an auricle or ear-shaped appendage. Autocarpus. A fruit consisting of pericarp alone, without adherent parts. Axil. The angle formed on the upper side of the attachment of a leaf with a stem. Axillary. In or from an axil.
B Baccate. Berry-like. Bark. The rind or cortical covering of a stem. Berry. A fruit with a homogeneous fleshy pericarp. Bipinnate. Doubly or twice pinnate. Bract. The more or less modified leaf of a flower-cluster. Bracteate. Furnished with bracts. Bracteolate. Furnished with bractlets. Bractlet. The bract of a pedicel or ultimate flower-stalk. Branch. A secondary axis or division of a trunk. Branchlet. An ultimate division of a branch. Bud. The undeveloped state of a branch or flower-cluster with or without scales. Bud-scales. Reduced leaves covering a bud.