When someone is careless about what was said, or when he has not heard something and asks again, the answer is; e.g., tovoru na to iieba 'I have already told you not to pass through,' iome to iieba 'I have already told you to read,' Padre coso to iieba 'I have already told you that it is the Priest.'

Adding the particles maieni and saqini to the negative present tense makes the construction affirmative; e.g., iglesia ie mairanu maieni (141v) 'before he goes to church.' They are also added to the affirmative future tense; e.g., mairǒzuru tote no saqini 'a little before (45 I come.'

The particle tocoro signifies the time during which the action indicated by the verb is done. It is placed after the verb; taburu tocoro ni 'when I was eating,' tabeta tocoro ni 'after dinner,' tabeôzuru tocoro ni or tabeôzuru ni 'when I will be eating.' It also serves as a reduplicative particle which denotes a reduplication to the degree possible; e.g., jesu christo humanidad no von tocoro va (121v)[[130]] 'Jesus Christ in so far as he was a man,' vonore ga foxxezaru tocoro vo fodocosu coto nacare (121) 'as you do not want done to you, do not do to others,' fudai no tocoro vo vo iurusu [... tocoro vo iurusu] (120v) 'I gave him his freedom,' fito no acu no tocoro ni va dôxin xenu (121v) 'I do

not consent to the sins of man,' utagó tocoro mo nai (120v) 'there remains no place to doubt, or for doubt,' nocoru tocoro mo nai 'it does not remain any more,' tçuini, sono tocoro ie mairózu (121v) 'finally he will arrive at this place,' fumbet ni voiobanu tocoro gia (121v) 'there are some things which are not understood, or to which one's comprehension does not extend,' nani mo nai tocoro vo iô qicoximexe (120v) 'will your Lordship kindly eat from this littleness which is nothing.' From these examples it is possible to see the force of this particle.

The particles tocoro, made, and made de gozaru are often added to an utterance (cadentia). They do not have any special meaning and are the same as coto de gozaru; e.g., naranu made or naranu coto de gozaru mean the same as naranu 'it is not possible.' Guijet tçucamatçurǒ to zonzuru coto va cacugo itasanu coto gia (10v) 'the breaking of this friendship does not come to mind.' Here the itasanu coto gia is the same as itasanu alone.

The particle madeio is used to confirm what has been said; e.g., caita madeio 'that which I wrote, I wrote.'

The particle toqi when added to the present tense, forms a preterit imperfect; e.g., jennin tachi va saigo ni voiobi tamó toqi va buji ni gozatta 'when saints arrive at the time of their death, they are peaceful and quiet.'

Changing the ta of the preterit to tçu and the da of the negative to zzu[[131]] the meaning becomes 'I do it this way and then that way'; e.g., mono vo caitçu, iôzzu, nando xite curasu bacari gia 'I spend my life reading, writing and doing other things,' tattçu itçu vocu iori zaxiqi ie ide zaxiqi iori vocu ie iri xitten battǒ xeraruru (11v) 'standing and sitting, entering and departing, he stands up and falls down.' The particle ri gives the same meaning after the preterit; e.g., xeqen no mono va netari voqitari nǒdari curasu bacari gia (11) 'men of the world spend their lives sleeping, arising, and drinking,' mazzu (46 ite niva vo mo facaxetari, cusa vo mo ficaxetari iroiro no xigoto vo ategǒte cosó mairǒzure [... coso ...] (10v) 'I shall go and sweep out the courtyard (atrium), pull up the weeds, and then having dispensed with these things I shall go,' ima cono io fuqe iuqeba nome ia, utaie ia fito bito motçu, utǒtçu sacamori suru (129) 'when it already is late at

night, urging themselves on to drink and sing, the men enjoy themselves dancing and singing.'

The particle ie, which is the root of the verb ie iuru [ie:uru][[132]] 'I can,' signifies, when placed before negative verbs, that the action expressed by the verb cannot be done; e.g., ie iomanu 'I cannot read.' This particle is also placed after the infinitive; e.g., iomanu coto vo ienu 'I cannot read.' Iomi va ieide, or iomi mo ieide 'since I could not read, or not being able to read' is also said. The infinitive sometimes acts as a substitute verb (suppositum verbum); e.g., xinuru coto va vosoroxij 'it is terrible to die.'