When there are two verbs in the same sentence, the first will (62 be in the gerund form and the other will be in the tense that is required by the sense of the sentence; e.g., core vo totte giqi ni mi ga comono ni vataxe 'take this and give it to my servant at once.'
When there are two or more clauses which have the same subject or tense, only the last verb will be in the tense that is required by the sense of the sentence. The other verbs will be in the root form, while still others will be in the gerund in e form; e.g., tovazunba cotaiezu, voxe raba tçuxxinde qiqi [tovazũba ... vôxe ... qiqe] (85v)[[176]] 'if they don't ask don't answer: if they speak listen carefully,' Deus no vo coto vo macoto ni uqe, go voqite mo camavaide, sono mama inferno ni vochita 'he did not believe in God, and he did not respect His precepts; therefore, he fell into Hell.'
Verbs are always placed in the third person to indicate honor. No one honors himself except the king when he is speaking of himself; e.g., iorocobi ni voboximesu 'I am enjoying it very much.'
When there are many adjectives in a sentence, they will all be in the adverbial form except the last; e.g., qe nangǒ, iro curô, icanimo utçucuxij mono [qe nagǒ ...][[177]] 'a very beautiful person with long, black hair.'
The particle to is placed before verbs of understanding, believing, and hearing, takes the place of the verb 'to be,' and means 'that'; fito to zonjita 'I thought, or believed that he was a man,' qixó vo jennin to vomovô ca? [qixo ... vomovǒ ca?] 'shall I believe that you are a saint?' Amata no fito xini no fonovo ni moiuru vo misaxerareô (20)[[178]] 'you
will see many men burning in the flames of indignation.' Here one has replaced to with moiuru vo, which is a substitute verb. When mo is added to to it strongly affirms what is said; e.g., mairó to mo 'I shall certainly go, or I will be going.'
The particle to, in the first meaning, is sometimes replaced by iǒni; e.g., agueta iǒni gozaru 'they say that he offered it,' ica iǒna fito to va xiranu 'I did not know what kind of a man he was.' Sometimes the substantive verb takes the place of the particle to; e.g., mairó de gozatta 'he said that he would come,' xô de va naqeredomo 'although I did not say that I would do it.'
Qiuzo core vo mite, ima vo saigo no coto de areba (97)[[179]] 'seeing this, Kiso believed that the hour of death was present, etc.' Here the substantive verb replaces to and serves as an active verb governing the accusative ima vo, which also replaces to. The particles sǒna and guena mean 'it seems.' Sǒna is added to the roots of verbs; e.g., deqi (63 sǒna 'it seems that it is finished.' If a substantive verb is placed after this particle the a is changed to i; e.g., deqi sǒni gozaru 'it seems that he will finish,' deqi sǒni mo zonjenu 'I believe that it will not be finished.'[[180]] Sǒna is also added to adjectives in i, and when it is the i is lost; e.g., io sǒna 'it seems good, or it seems that it is good,' xigue sǒna 'it seems dense,' and aiau sǒna 'it seems that I am in danger.' If this particle is added to adjectives in na, the na is lost; e.g., aqiraca sǒna 'it seems that it is clear.'
The particle guena is added to the nouns and verbs previously formed; e.g., maitta guena 'I believe that he has come.' If a substantive verb is added to this particle the a changes to i; e.g., maitta gueni gozaru 'I believe that he has come.' Sǒna means 'it seems,' and guena means 'I believe,' but either of these forms may occasionally be used in any of the examples given.
When a sentence has two preterits, the first may be in the preterit and the second in the future; e.g., qesa cara sǒ vôxerareta raba mo faia de maraxô 'If you would have said that this morning, I would have already left.'