Soap-Making Manual / A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant.

by Edgar George Thomssen

Degrees Twaddell.	Sp. Gr. at 15° C.	% of pure acid (H2SO4).	Equivalent (in cc.) of a kilo of pure acid.	Equivalent (in cc.) of a liter of pure acid.
1	1.007	1.9	52.620	96.930
3	1.014	2.8	35.710	66.450
4	1.022	3.8	25.650	47.230
6	1.029	4.8	20.410	37.582
8	1.037	5.8	16.670	30.690
9	1.045	6.8	14.085	25.938
10	1.052	7.8	12.198	22.460
12	1.062	8.8	10.755	19.803
13	1.067	9.8	9.524	17.540
15	1.075	10.9	8.547	15.740
17	1.083	11.9	7.752	14.278
18	1.091	13.0	7.042	12.969
20	1.100	14.1	6.452	11.882
22	1.108	15.2	5.953	10.962
23	1.116	16.2	5.526	10.177
25	1.125	17.3	5.405	9.954
27	1.134	18.5	4.76	8.770
29	1.142	19.6	4.465	8.223
30	1.152	20.8	4.184	7.723
32	1.162	22.2	3.876	7.138
34	1.171	23.3	3.663	6.745
36	1.180	24.5	3.541	6.521
38	1.190	25.8	3.258	5.999
40	1.200	27.1	3.077	5.666
42	1.210	28.4	2.907	5.353
44	1.220	29.6	2.770	5.102
46	1.231	31.0	2.618	4.865
48	1.241	32.2	2.500	4.604
50	1.252	33.4	2.392	4.406
53	1.263	34.7	2.283	4.205
55	1.274	36.0	2.179	4.012
57	1.285	37.4	2.079	3.829
60	1.297	38.8	1.988	3.661
62	1.308	40.2	1.905	3.508
64	1.320	41.6	1.821	3.354
66	1.332	43.0	1.745	3.214
69	1.345	44.4	1.665	3.085
71	1.357	45.5	1.621	2.985
74	1.370	46.9	1.558	2.869
77	1.383	48.3	1.497	2.757
80	1.397	49.8	1.436	2.646
82	1.410	51.2	1.386	2.551
85	1.424	52.6	1.335	2.459
88	1.438	54.0	1.287	2.370
91	1.453	55.4	1.237	2.270
94	1.468	56.9	1.195	2.200
97	1.483	58.3	1.156	2.130
100	1.498	59.6	1.116	2.050
103	1.514	61.0	1.080	1.980
106	1.530	62.5	1.045	1.930
108	1.540	64.0	1.010	1.860
113	1.563	65.5	0.975	1.800
116	1.580	67.0	0.950	1.740
120	1.597	68.6	0.917	1.690
123	1.615	70.0	0.888	1.630
127	1.634	71.6	0.855	1.570
130	1.652	73.2	0.845	1.520
134	1.671	74.7	0.800	1.470
138	1.691	76.4	0.774	1.430
142	1.711	78.1	0.749	1.390
146	1.732	79.9	0.722	1.320
151	1.753	81.7	0.705	1.280
155	1.774	84.1	0.672	1.235
160	1.798	86.5	0.639	1.190
164	1.819	89.7	0.609	1.120
168	1.842	100.0	0.544	1.000

*Densities of Potassium Carbonate Solutions at 15 C (Gerlach)

Sp. Gr.	Per cent of pure K2CO3
1.00914	1
1.01829	2
1.02743	3
1.03658	4
1.04572	5
1.05513	6
1.06454	7
1.07396	8
1.08337	9
1.09278	10
1.10258	11
1.11238	12
1.12219	13
1.13199	14
1.14179	15
1.15200	16
1.16222	17
1.17243	18
1.18265	19
1.19286	20
1.20344	21
1.21402	22
1.22459	23
1.23517	24
1.24575	25
1.25681	26
1.26787	27
1.27893	28
1.28999	29
1.30105	30
1.31261	31
1.32417	32
1.33573	33
1.34729	34
1.35885	35
1.37082	36
1.38279	37
1.39476	38
1.40673	39
1.41870	40
1.43104	41
1.44338	42
1.45573	43
1.46807	44
1.48041	45
1.49314	46
1.50588	47
1.51861	48
1.53135	49
1.54408	50
1.55728	51
1.57048	52
1.57079	53.024

*Constants of Certain Fatty Acids and Triglycerides

Triglycerides of			Per cent Yield
	Mol. Wt. of Fatty Acid	Mol. Wt. of Triglycerides	Fatty Acid	Glycerine
Stearic Acid	284	890	95.73	10.34
Oleic Acid	282	884	95.70	10.41
Margaric Acid	270	848	95.52	10.85
Palmitic Acid	256	806	95.28	11.42
Myristic Acid	228	722	94.47	12.74
Lauric Acid	200	638	94.04	14.42
Capric Acid	172	594	93.14	15.48
Caproic Acid	116	386	90.16	23.83
Butyric Acid	88	302	87.41	30.46

PERCENTAGES OF SOLID CAUSTIC SODA AND CAUSTIC POTASH IN CAUSTIC LYES ACCORDING TO BAUME SCALE.

Degrees Baumé.	% NaOH	% KOH
1	0.61	0.90
2	0.93	1.70
3	2.00	2.60
4	2.71	3.50
5	3.35	4.50
6	4.00	5.60
7	4.556	6.286
8	5.29	7.40
9	5.87	8.20
10	6.55	9.20
11	7.31	10.10
12	8.00	10.90
13	8.68	12.00
14	9.42	12.90
15	10.06	13.80
16	10.97	14.80
17	11.84	15.70
18	12.64	16.50
19	13.55	17.60
20	14.37	18.60
21	15.13	19.50
22	15.91	20.50
23	16.77	21.40
24	17.67	22.50
25	18.58	23.30
26	19.58	24.20
27	20.59	25.10
28	21.42	26.10
29	22.64	27.00
30	23.67	28.00
31	24.81	28.90
32	25.80	29.80
33	26.83	30.70
34	27.80	31.80
35	28.83	32.70
36	29.93	33.70
37	31.22	34.90
38	32.47	35.90
39	33.69	36.90
40	34.96	37.80
41	36.25	38.90
42	37.53	39.90
43	38.80	40.90
44	39.99	42.10
45	41.41	43.40
46	42.83	44.60
47	44.38	45.80
48	46.15	47.10
49	47.58	48.25
50	49.02	49.40

GLYCERINE CONTENT OF MORE COMMON OILS AND FATS USED IN SOAP MAKING.