The Reign of William Rufus and the Accession of Henry the First, Volume 2 (of 2)

by Edward A. Freeman

• La Chartre, castle of, ii. [275].
• La Ferté Saint Samson, castle of, surrendered to Rufus, i. 230.
• La Flèche,
  • Helias withdraws to, ii. [275];
  • castle of, ii. [276].
• La Houlme, castle of,
  • held by Rufus, i. 462;
  • taken by Robert, i. 465.
• La Lude, castle of, ii. [275].
• La Roche Guyon, castle of, ii. [180], [181].
• Lagman, son of Godred Crouan, ii. [137].
• Laigle, town of, i. 73 (note).
• Lambert, chaplain to Ida of Boulogne, ii. [581].
• Lambeth,
  • grant of, to Rochester, ii. [506];
  • given in exchange to Canterbury, [ib.]
• Land, tenure of, Flambard’s theory of, i. 337.
• Lanfranc,
  • his special agency in the accession of William Rufus, i. 10, 12, ii. [459];
  • his grief at the death of William the Conqueror, i. 15;
  • crowns William Rufus, ib.;
  • binds him to follow his counsel, i. 16, ii. [460];
  • attends the Christmas assembly at Westminster, i. 18;
  • Odo’s hatred towards, i. 24, 53 (note);
  • his loyalty to William, i. 63;
  • his part in the meeting at Salisbury, i. 95, 119;
  • his view of vestments, i. 95;
  • his position as regards that of Bishop William, i. 97;
  • his answer to Bishop Geoffrey, i. 100;
  • to Bishop William, i. 105, 110;
  • interposes on his behalf, i. 113;
  • his death, i. 140;
  • its effect on William Rufus, i. 141, 142, 148 (note);
  • his position in England and Normandy, i. 141;
  • buried at Christ Church, i. 142;
  • his relations with William the Conqueror, i. 328;
  • compared with Anselm, i. 368, 456;
  • advises Anselm to become a monk of Bec, i. 371.
• Lanfranc, nephew of Archbishop Lanfranc, ii. [575].
• Laodikeia, Eadgar and Robert at, i. 564.
• Lateran,
  • Council of (1099), i. 607, 621;
  • destruction of the apse, i. 607 (note).
• Leckhampsted, lands at, taken from Abingdon Abbey, ii. [665].
• Legitimacy, growth of the doctrine of, i. 280.
• Le Hardy,
  • M. Gaston, quoted, i. 145 (note);
  • his apology for Duke Robert, i. 175 (note).
• Leicester,
  • college at, founded by Robert of Meulan, ii. [420];
  • foundation of the abbey, [ib.];
  • churches at, ii. 420 [(note)].
• Leicester, earldom of, its origin, ii. [418].
• Le Mans,
  • temporal relations of the bishopric, i. 207;
  • under an interdict, ii. [199];
  • claims of the Norman dukes over the bishopric, ii. [200], [212];
  • Howel’s buildings at, ii. [205];
  • Pope Urban’s visit to, [ib.];
  • welcomes Duke Robert’s host, i. 209;
  • new municipality of, ii. [226];
  • garrisoned by Fulk, ii. [232], [628];
  • besieged by Rufus, ii. [233–235];
  • siege of, raised, ii. [235];
  • submits to Rufus, ii. [238], [628];
  • fortresses of, ii. [239], [631];
  • entry of Rufus into the town, ii. [240];
  • description of the church, [ib.];
  • recovered by Helias, ii. [278];
  • the castles still held for Rufus, ii. [279];
  • compared with the deliverance of York, [ib.];
  • burning of, ii. [280];
  • modern destruction at, ii. 281 [(note)];
  • William’s march against, ii. [287];
  • flight of the citizens, ii. [288];
  • William’s treatment of, ii. [295], [296];
  • orders the destruction of the towers of Saint Julian’s, ii. [297], [654];
  • description of the towers, ii. [299], [655];
  • return of Helias to, ii. [370];
  • action of the garrison, ii. [370–373];
  • palace of the counts at, ii. [632], [656];
  • dates of the building, ii. [632–639], [656];
  • burning of, ii. [638].
• Leofwine, Dean of Durham, ii. [605].
• Lewes,
  • held by William of Warren, i. 59;
  • customs of, i. 59 (note);
  • William of Warren’s death and burial at, i. 62 (note), 76.
• Lewis VI. of France (the Fat), ii. [170];
  • Bertrada’s schemes against him, ii. [174];
  • grant of the Vexin to, ii. [175];
  • refuses to cede the Vexin to William Rufus, ii. [176];
  • his difficulties in the war with William, ii. [178];
  • betrothed to a daughter of Guy the Red Knight, ii. [519];
  • his letter to Anselm, ii. [580].
• Lewis IX. of France (Saint Lewis),
  • his ordinance against blasphemy, i. 167;
  • his walls at Rouen, i. 252.
• Ligulf, father of Morkere, ii. [605].
• Limoges, massacre of, i. 173 (note).
• Lincoln,
  • its connexion with Norway, ii. [134];
  • Jews at, i. 160 (note);
  • prevalence of the slave-trade at, i. 310;
  • completion of the minster, ib.;
  • Thomas of York claims jurisdiction over, i. 311, 433;
  • consecration delayed by the death of Remigius, i. 312;
  • see kept vacant by Rufus, i. 356, 381;
  • jurisdiction over again claimed by Thomas of York, i. 433;
  • compromise concerning, i. 447.
• Lindesey, jurisdiction of, claimed by Thomas of York, i. 311.
• Lindisfarn, Isle of, ii. 50 [(note)].
• Llancarfan, church of, granted to Gloucester abbey, ii. [84].
• Llandaff, see of, ii. [86], [89].
• Llanrhidian Castle, ii. [103].
• Llantrissant, ii. [88].
• Llantwit, church of, granted to Tewkesbury, ii. [84].
• Llywelyn, son of Cadwgan, his death, ii. [301].
• Loir, Castle of the. See [Château-du-Loir].
• London,
  • Jews settle in, i. 160;
  • great wind and fire in, i. 308;
  • buildings of William Rufus in, ii. [258], [261];
  • growth of its greatness, ii. [261];
  • dogs of, mentioned by Hugh of Flavigny, ii. [589].
• London Bridge, ii. [259], [260], [261].
• London, Tower of. See [Tower of London].
• Longueville, castle of, surrendered to Rufus, i. 231.
• Lonlay Abbey, foundation charter of, ii. [539].
• Lords, House of,
  • foreshadowed by the inner Council of the Witan, i. 603;
  • gradual developement of, ii. [58].
• Losinga, origin of the name, ii. [570].
• Lothian, question as to the homage of Malcolm for, i. 303, ii. [541] et seq.
• Luca, per vultum de,
  • favourite oath of William Rufus, i. 108, 112, 164, 289, 391, 511 (note), ii. 61 [(note)], [503], [650];
  • meaning of the phrase, ii. [503].
• Lucan, whether quoted by Rufus, ii. [642], [647].
• Lugubalia. See [Carlisle].
• Lund, archbishopric of, ii. [582].
• Lurçon, castle of, ii. [216].

M.

• Mabel, wife of Earl Roger, poisons Arnold of Escalfoi and seizes on Saint Cenery, i. 215.
• Mabel, daughter of Robert Fitz-hamon, marries Robert of Gloucester, ii. [83].
• Maelgwyn, i. 124.
• Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway,
  • his expedition into Britain, ii. [133] et seq., [617–624];
  • character of his reign, ii. [133];
  • his surnames, [ib.];
  • professes friendship for England, [ib.];
  • his sons, [ib.];
  • his treasure at Lincoln, ii. [134], [624];
  • his designs on Ireland, ii. [136], [141], [620];
  • his alleged Irish marriage, ii. [136], [622];
  • his voyage among the islands, ii. [136], [140–142];
  • legend of him and Saint Olaf, ii. [139];
  • seizes the Earls of Orkney, ii. [140];
  • grants the earldom to Sigurd, [ib.];
  • his dealings with Galloway, ii. [141];
  • occupies Man, [ib.];
  • approaches Anglesey, ii. [143], [619], [621];
  • kills Hugh of Shrewsbury, ii. [144], [620], [621];
  • makes peace with Hugh of Chester, ii. [145];
  • his designs on Anglesey, [ib.];
  • his dealings with King Murtagh, ii. [146], [622];
  • and with Scotland, ii. [147];
  • Arnulf of Montgomery negotiates with, ii. [426];
  • his second voyage round Britain, ii. [442];
  • his castle-building in Man, [ib.];
  • refuses help to Robert of Bellême, ii. [443], [623], [624];
  • his death, ii. [451];
  • described as “rex Germaniæ,” ii. [619], [620].
• Magnus, Saint, murdered by Hakon, ii. [582].
• Maine,
  • history of, under the Conqueror, i. 203;
  • dissatisfaction in, under Robert, i. 204;
  • alleged derivation of its name, i. 205;
  • submits to Robert, i. 209;
  • stipulation about, in the treaty of Caen, i. 277, ii. [524];
  • men of, send for Hugh son of Azo as their ruler, ii. [195];
  • revolts against Robert, ii. [197];
  • peace of, under Helias, ii. [204];
  • cession of, demanded by William Rufus, ii. [208];
  • his designs on, ii. [213];
  • attacked by Robert of Bellême, [ib.];
  • geographical character of the war, ii. [214];
  • beginning of the war of William Rufus in, ii. [167], [215];
  • castles of Robert of Bellême in, ii. [216];
  • teaching of its landscapes, ii. [219];
  • castles of, ii. [219–221];
  • contrasted with England, ii. [220];
  • general submission of, to William Rufus, ii. [241];
  • extent of his conquests in, ii. [245];
  • southern part harried by Rufus, ii. [288];
  • no bribery in, ii. [290];
  • later fortune of, ii. [374].
• Malchus, Bishop of Waterford, consecrated by Anselm, i. 544.
• Malcolm III., King of Scots,
  • invades Northumberland, i. 295;
  • driven back, i. 296;
  • his relations with Robert, i. 297;
  • meets William Rufus at Scots’ Water, i. 301;
  • negotiates with him through Robert, i. 302;
  • two versions of the negotiations, i. 302–304, ii. [540–545];
  • his alleged homage to Robert, i. 302, ii. [542];
  • question as to his earlier betrothal to Margaret, i. 303, ii. [542];
  • as to the homage for Lothian, i. 303, ii. [541] et seq.;
  • does homage to Rufus, i. 304, ii. [541];
  • his correspondence with Wulfstan, i. 479;
  • his complaints against Rufus, ii. [8];
  • summoned to Gloucester, ii. [9], [590];
  • lays one of the foundation-stones of Durham Abbey, ii. [11];
  • much of his dominions in Durham diocese, ii. [12];
  • Rufus refuses to see him at Gloucester, i. 410, ii. [13], [590];
  • dispute between them, ii. [13];
  • returns to Scotland, ii. [14];
  • invades England, ii. [15], [592];
  • English feeling towards, ii. [16], [595];
  • slain at Alnwick, i. 410, ii. [5], [16], [592];
  • alleged treachery towards him, ii. [16], [592] et seq.;
  • his burial at Tynemouth, ii. [17];
  • translated to Dunfermline, ii. [18];
  • local estimate of his death, ii. [19];
  • his devotion to Margaret, ii. [20];
  • acts as her interpreter, ii. [23];
  • his visit to Romsey, ii. [31], [600];
  • what languages he spoke, ii. [591].
• Malling, Gundulf’s tower at, i. 70.
• Malpeter, Mormaor of Mærne, ii. [36].
• Malvoisin, towers so called, use of, ii. [51], [435], [520], [608].
• Mamers, castle of, ii. [216], [217].
• Man,
  • the centre of Godred Crouan’s dominion, ii. [136];
  • civil war in, ii. [138];
  • occupied by Magnus, ii. [141], [619];
  • his designs with regard to, ii. [142], [620];
  • his castle-building in, ii. [442].
• Manorbeer Castle, birthplace of Giraldus, ii. [95].
• Mantes,
  • granted to Lewis by Philip, ii. [175];
  • claimed by William Rufus, ii. [176].
• Margam Abbey, ii. [89].
• Margaret, daughter of Eadward,
  • question as to her earlier betrothal to Malcolm, i. 303, ii. [542];
  • her correspondence with Wulfstan, i. 479;
  • her character, ii. [20];
  • her influence on Malcolm, ii. [20], [23];
  • her education of their children, ii. [21];
  • her reforms, ii. [22];
  • increases the pomp of the Scottish court, ii. [23];
  • Scottish feeling towards, ii. [25], [28], [597];
  • hears of her husband’s death, ii. [26], [592], [594];
  • versions of her death, ii. [26–28];
  • her burial at Dunfermline, ii. [28], [597].
• Margaret of Mortagne, wife of Henry of Warwick, ii. [348].
• Marriage, lord’s right of,
  • growth of, under Rufus, i. 336;
  • peculiar to England and Normandy, i. 340;
  • restrained by the charter of Henry I., ii. [353].
• Mary, daughter of Malcolm,
  • brought up in Romsey Abbey, ii. [31], [598];
  • marries Eustace of Boulogne, ii. [31].
• Matilda of Flanders, Queen,
  • lands of, claimed by Henry, i. 195, 197;
  • they are granted to Robert Fitz-hamon, i. 198.
• Matilda, or Eadgyth, Queen, wife of Henry I.,
  • her sojourn at Romsey, ii. [31], [599];
  • her relations with Henry, [ib.];
  • tale of her and William Rufus, ii. [32], [600];
  • sought in marriage by Alan of Richmond, ii. [602];
  • sought in marriage by Henry, ii. [31], [382];
  • her beauty and learning, ii. [382];
  • policy of the marriage, ii. [383];
  • wishes to appoint Eadwulf abbot of Malmesbury, ii. 383 [(note)];
  • objections to the marriage, ii. [384], [683];
  • appeals to Anselm, [ib.];
  • declared free to marry, ii. [385];
  • other versions of the story, ii. [385–387], [683] et seq.;
  • later fables about her marriage, ii. [387], [684], [685];
  • her marriage and coronation, ii. [387], [388];
  • takes the name of Matilda, ii. [305], [388];
  • her nickname of Godgifu, ii. [389];
  • her children, [ib.];
  • her character, ii. [390];
  • known as “good Queen Mold,” ii. [391];
  • Robert’s generosity to her, ii. [406];
  • baptized by the name of Eadgyth, ii. [598];
  • god-daughter of Duke Robert, ii. [602].
• Matilda, Empress, daughter of Henry I. and Matilda, ii. [389].
• Matilda, wife of Stephen, and granddaughter of Malcolm, ii. [31].
• Matilda, Abbess of Caen, Anselm’s letter to, ii. [579].
• Matilda, Countess of Perche, natural daughter of Henry the First, ii. [379].
• Matilda, wife of Helias of La Flèche, ii. [196].
• Matilda of Laigle,
  • marries Robert of Mowbray, i. 243 (note), ii. [38];
  • holds out at Bamburgh, ii. [54], [609];
  • yields to save her husband’s eyes, ii. [54];
  • her second marriage and divorce, ii. [55], [612].
• Matilda, wife of William of Bellême, signs the foundation-charter of Lonlay Abbey, ii. [539].
• Matilda, daughter of Waltheof, marries David of Scotland, ii. [124].
• Matilda of Wallingford, her foundation at Oakburn, i. 376 (note).
• Matthew, Count of Beaumont, helps to defend Courcy, ii. [519].
• Matthew Paris, his version of the accession of William Rufus, ii. [461].
• Maule, fortress of, ii. [251], [253].
• Maurice, Bishop of London,
  • his dispute with Anselm, i. 440;
  • crowns Henry I., ii. [350], [681];
  • his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. [358];
  • false story of his approaching death brought to Flambard, ii. [560].
• Mayet Castle, ii. [196];
  • strengthened by Helias, ii. [275];
  • siege of, ii. [289–294], 652;
  • raising of the siege, ii. [294], [653];
  • description of, ii. [652].
• Mediolanum. See [Evreux].
• Mercenaries,
  • employment of under William Rufus, i. 134, 153, 226, ii. [496];
  • their presence tends to promote the fusion of English and Normans, i. 134;
  • their wrong-doings, i. 154, ii. [498];
  • statute of Henry I. against, [ib.]
• Meredydd, son of Bleddyn,
  • becomes the man of Robert of Bellême, ii. [424];
  • his action on his behalf, ii. [442].
• Merewine of Chester-le-Street, signs the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Meulan, importance of its position, ii. [183].
• Mevania. See [Anglesey].
• Milford Haven, ii. [95].
• Mona. See [Anglesey].
• Monacledin, Duncan slain at, ii. 36 [(note)].
• Monarches, use of the title, ii. [484].
• Montacute (near Saint Cenery), castle of, besieged by Duke Robert and destroyed, i. 469 (note).
• Montacute Priory, ii. [120].
• Mont Barbé, castle of, at Le Mans, i. 239, 361.
• Montbizot, ii. [232].
• Mont-de-la-Nue, castle of, ii. [216].
• Montfort l’Amaury,
  • fortress of, ii. [251], [253];
  • church of, ii. [254];
  • defended by the younger Simon, [ib.]
• Montgomery (in Wales),
  • castle of, ii. [77];
  • taken by the Welsh, ii. [104].
• Morel,
  • slays Malcolm, ii. [16], [593];
  • plunders Norwegian ships, ii. [40];
  • holds out at Bamburgh, ii. [54], [610];
  • turns king’s-evidence, ii. [55];
  • his end, ii. [69];
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Moreldene, ii. [17].
• Morgan, son of Jestin, ii. 81 [(note)].
• Morganwg,
  • distinguished from Glamorgan, ii. [85];
  • conquest of, see [Glamorgan].
• Morkere, son of Ælfgar,
  • re-imprisoned by William, i. 13, 14;
  • his signature to a charter of William of Saint-Calais, i. 14 (note).
• Moses of Canterbury, ii. [573].
• Motte de Gauthier-le-Clincamp, castle of, ii. [216].
• Mowbray Castle, granted to Nigel of Albini, ii. [612].
• Murtagh, Muirchertach, or Murchard,
  • calls himself king of Ireland, i. 544;
  • Anselm’s letters to, i. 545 (note), ii. [581];
  • his answer to the threat of William Rufus, ii. [94];
  • drives Godred Crouan out of Dublin, ii. [137];
  • sends Donald to the Sudereys, [ib.];
  • his dealings with Magnus of Norway, ii. [146], [622], [624];
  • marries his daughter to Sigurd, ii. [136], [146], [443], [622];
  • Arnulf of Montgomery’s dealings with, ii. [425], [426], [442].
• Mutilation, feeling with regard to, i. 548 (note), ii. [64].

N.

• Neath, borough and abbey of, ii. [88], [89].
• Neauphlé-le-Château, ii. [251];
  • defended by the elder Simon of Montfort, ii. [253].
• Nest, wife of Bernard of Newmarch,
  • her descent, ii. [90];
  • her faithlessness to her husband, ii. [91];
  • her grant to Battle Abbey, ii. 91 [(note)].
• Nest,
  • wife of Gerald of Windsor, ii. [97], 110 [(note)];
  • her relations with Henry I., ii. [97], 110 [(note)], [379].
• Nest, daughter of Jestin, marries Einion, ii. [80].
• Neufchâtel-en-Bray, i. 236 (note).
• Neuilly, Robert of Bellême imprisoned at, i. 199.
• Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
  • defended by Robert of Mowbray, ii. [46];
  • taken by William Rufus, ii. [47], [607].
• New Forest,
  • its supposed connexion with the Saxon colony at Carlisle, i. 316, ii. [550];
  • death of Richard son of Duke Robert there, ii. [316];
  • various versions of the death of William Rufus in, ii. [325] et seq.
• Nicolas, Bishop of Llandaff, his charter, ii. 84 [(note)].
• Nidaros. See [Trondhjem].
• Nigel of Albini,
  • his marriages, ii. [55], [612];
  • Mowbray Castle granted to, ii. [612].
• Nithing Proclamation of William, i. 78.
• Nivard of Septeuil, ii. [252].
• Nomenclature of Wales compared with that of England, ii. [75].
• Nomenclature, personal, illustrations of, ii. [489], [551], [577].
• Norham Castle, founded by Flambard, ii. [272].
• Norman Conquest,
  • at once completed and undone under Rufus and under Henry I., i. 3, 7, 130, ii. [456];
  • England reconciled to it by Henry I., ii. [456];
  • compared with that of Wales, ii. [72].
• Norman nobles,
  • revolt against William Rufus, i. 22 et seq., ii. [465] et seq.;
  • refuse to attend the Easter Gemôt, i. 32;
  • amnesty granted to, by Rufus, i. 88;
  • accepted as Englishmen, i. 132;
  • some loyal to Rufus, i. 62;
  • second revolt of, ii. [37].
• Normandy,
  • chief seat of warfare in the reign of Rufus, i. 178;
  • contrasted with England, ib.;
  • temptations for the invasion of Rufus, i. 188;
  • under Robert, i. 189, 190;
  • spread of vice in, i. 192;
  • building of castles in, ib.;
  • its rivalry with France, i. 201;
  • Rufus’s invasion of, agreed to by the Witan, i. 222–224;
  • its relations with England and France, i. 240;
  • private wars in, i. 241–244;
  • Orderic’s picture of, i. 271;
  • Rufus crosses over to, i. 273;
  • compared with England, i. 468;
  • her share in the first crusade, i. 547;
  • pledged to Rufus by Robert, i. 555;
  • Rufus takes possession of, i. 566;
  • his rule in, i. 567, 569, 570;
  • renewed anarchy in, on his death, ii. [366].
• Normannus. See [Northman].
• Normans and English,
  • fusion of, i. 130, 134, ii. [401], [455];
  • use of the words, ii. [649].
• Northallerton, church of, granted to the monks of Durham, i. 535.
• Northampton,
  • architectural arrangements of the castle, i. 601;
  • constitution of the Council of 1164, i. 602.
• Northman, monk of Christ Church, i. 140 (note).
• Northumberland, invaded by Malcolm, i. 296.
• Norwich, see of Thetford moved to, i. 449; ii. [569].

O.

• Oakburn, a cell of Bec, i. 376 (note).
• Odo, Bishop of Bayeux,
  • restored to his earldom, i. 19, ii. [467];
  • his discontent and intrigues, i. 23, 24, ii. [465];
  • his hatred towards Lanfranc, i. 24, 53 (note);
  • his harangue against William Rufus, i. 26, ii. [466];
  • his ravages in Kent, i. 52;
  • occupies Rochester Castle, i. 55;
  • invites Robert over, i. 56;
  • hated by the English, i. 67, 86;
  • moves to Pevensey, i. 70;
  • besieged therein by Rufus, i. 72–76;
  • surrenders on favourable terms, i. 76;
  • his treachery at Rochester, i. 77;
  • besieged therein, i. 79;
  • agrees to surrender, i. 80;
  • Rufus refuses his terms, i. 81;
  • pleadings made for, i. 83;
  • terms granted to, by Rufus, i. 85;
  • his humiliation and banishment, i. 85–87;
  • his influence with Duke Robert, i. 199;
  • his exhortation to him, i. 200;
  • marches with him into Maine, i. 208;
  • his further schemes, i. 211;
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 560;
  • his death and tomb at Palermo, i. 563, 571, ii. [307];
  • said to have married Philip and Bertrada, ii. [172].
• Odo, Abbot of Chertsey,
  • resigns his abbey, i. 350;
  • restored by Henry, ib.
• Odo of Champagne, lord of Holderness,
  • part of the lands of the see of Durham granted to, i. 90;
  • his agreement with the Bishop, i. 93;
  • intervenes on his behalf, i. 109, 117, 120;
  • confiscation of his lands, ii. [66].
• Odo, Duke of Burgundy, his alleged scheme against Anselm, i. 606.
• Ogmore Castle, ii. [86].
• Olaf, Saint, legend of him and Magnus, ii. [139].
• Olaf, son of Godred Crouan, ii. [137], [623].
• Oldbury, ii. [155].
• Omens, William Rufus sneers at the English regard for, ii. [330].
• Ordeal,
  • contempt of William Rufus for, i. 157, 165;
  • Eadmer’s belief in, i. 166 (note).
• Orderic,
  • writes Robert of Rhuddlan’s epitaph, i. 128;
  • his picture of Normandy, i. 271;
  • dictates his writings, i. 272 (note);
  • his account of the expedition of Magnus, ii. [142];
  • the only writer who mentions Eadgyth-Matilda’s change of name, ii. [687].
• Ordgar,
  • his charge against Eadgar Ætheling, ii. [115], [617];
  • story of his duel with Godwine, ii. [115–117], [617];
  • estimate of the story, ii. [117], [615];
  • notices of, in Domesday, ii. [616].
• Ordwine, monk, Anselm’s letters to, ii. [579].
• Orkneys, invaded by Magnus, ii. [140].
• Orm, priest, signs the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Orm’s Head, the, origin of the name, i. 123 (note).
• Orricus de Stanton, ii. [555].
• Osbern, monk of Bec, various bearers of the name, i. 374 (note).
• Osbern, brother of Flambard, ii. [551].
• Osbern of Orgères, companion of Robert of Rhuddlan, i. 126.
• Osbern of Richard’s Castle, rebels against William Rufus, i. 33.
• Osgod Clapa, his irreverence towards Saint Eadmund, ii. [268].
• Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury,
  • sent with a summons to Bishop William, i. 116;
  • consecrates his cathedral, i. 309;
  • helps at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444;
  • absolved by Anselm for his conduct at Rockingham, i. 533;
  • Anselm confers with him at Winchester, i. 586;
  • receives William of Alderi’s confession, ii. [68];
  • not present at his hanging, [ib.];
  • his death, i. 351, ii. [302];
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Oswald, Saint, King of the Northumbrians,
  • rebuilds the church of Tynemouth, ii. [17], [604];
  • his relic at Bamburgh, ii. [49], [608].
• Oswine, King of Deira,
  • his martyrdom, ii. [17];
  • invention of his relics, ii. [18], [603];
  • his translation, ii. [18], [606].
• Outillé Castle,
  • strengthened by Helias, ii. [275];
  • burned by him, ii. [288].
• Owen, son of Edwin, ii. [424].
• Oystermouth Castle, ii. [103].

P.

• Padua, siege of, i. 173 (note).
• Pagan or Theobald,
  • fortifies Gisors, ii. [186];
  • taken prisoner by Lewis, ii. 186 [(note)], [190];
  • Gisors restored to, ii. [396].
• Pagan of Montdoubleau,
  • holds Ballon against Duke Robert, i. 209;
  • Orderic’s tale of his forsaking Saint Cenery, i. 469 (note);
  • betrays Ballon to William Rufus, ii. [235].
• Pagan of Turberville,
  • holds Coyty, ii. [87];
  • joins the Welsh, ii. [104].
• Palermo, death and tomb of Odo of Bayeux at, i. 563, 571, ii. [307].
• Palgrave, Sir F.,
  • on chivalry, ii. [508];
  • his condemnation of the crusades, ii. [509];
  • on the alleged Domesday of Randolf Flambard, ii. [562–564];
  • his belief in the legend about Purkis, ii. [679].
• Pallium,
  • elder usage as to, i. 482;
  • not needful for the validity of archiepiscopal acts, i. 483.
• Papacy, English feeling as to the schism in, i. 415.
• Paschal II., Pope,
  • speech of William Rufus on his election, i. 623;
  • Anselm’s letters to, ii. [582].
• Paul, Abbot of Saint Alban’s,
  • Anselm’s friendship with, i. 424;
  • his death, i. 424, ii. [18].
• Paul, Earl of Orkney,
  • taken prisoner by Magnus, ii. [140];
  • his death in Norway, ii. [140], [581].
• Paula, mother of Helias of La Flèche, ii. [196].
• Peckham manor,
  • mortgaged by Anselm to the monks of Christ Church, i. 559;
  • kept by the monks, i. 596.
• Peers, their right of trial, i. 604 (note).
• Pembroke Castle,
  • description of, ii. [96];
  • begun by Arnulf of Montgomery, [ib.];
  • later castle, [ib.];
  • defended by Gerald of Windsor, ii. [101], [108];
  • surrendered to Henry I. by Arnulf, ii. 450 [(note)];
  • grant of, by Henry I., ii. [451].
• Pembrokeshire,
  • Flemish settlement in, ii. 70 [(note)], [74], [88], [615];
  • building of castles in, ii. [93];
  • military character of its buildings, ii. [96].
• Penmon Priory, ii. [129], 130 [(note)].
• Penrice Castle, ii. [103].
• Percy, house of, beginning of its connexion with Alnwick, ii. [15], [596].
• Perray, castle of, ii. [216].
• Peter of Maule, ii. [252].
• Peterborough, monks of, buy a congé d’élire of Rufus, i. 352.
• Pevensey,
  • held by Robert of Mortain, i. 53, 62;
  • Odo moves to, i. 70;
  • castle of, i. 72;
  • besieged by William Rufus, i. 73–76;
  • attempted landing of the Normans at, i. 74, ii. [468], [481];
  • surrenders, i. 76;
  • Henry I. gathers his fleet at, ii. [404].
• Philip I. of France,
  • marches with Robert against Eu, i. 238;
  • bought off by William Rufus, i. 239;
  • historical importance of this bribe, ib.;
  • mediates between William Rufus and Robert, i. 275, ii. [522];
  • helps Robert against William, i. 463;
  • returns to France, i. 464;
  • bought off by William, i. 466;
  • his position compared with that of Helias of Maine, ii. [169];
  • rebuked by Bishop Ivo of Chartres, i. 559 (note);
  • puts away his first wife, ii. [171];
  • seeks Emma of Sicily in marriage, ii. 171 [(note)];
  • his adulterous marriage with Bertrada of Montfort, i. 548, ii. [171], [172];
  • denounced by Hugh of Lyons, ii. [173];
  • his excommunication, i. 549, ii. [173];
  • his pretended divorce, ii. 173 [(note)];
  • his sons by Bertrada, ii. [174];
  • grants the Vexin to Lewis, ii. [175];
  • his letter to Anselm, ii. [580].
• Philip, son of Philip and Bertrada, ii. [174].
• Philip of Braose, supports William Rufus, i. 472.
• Philip, son of Roger of Montgomery,
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 552;
  • conspires against William Rufus, ii. [38];
  • signs the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Piacenza,
  • Council of, i. 522, 545;
  • no mention of English affairs at, i. 522.
• Pipe Rolls, notices of nomenclature in, ii. [551].
• Poix, lordship of Walter Tirel, ii. [673].
• Ponthieu, acquired by Robert of Bellême, ii. [423].
• Pontlieue, victory of Helias at, ii. [278].
• Pontoise,
  • granted to Lewis by Philip, ii. [175];
  • claimed by William Rufus, ii. [176];
  • withstands William Rufus, ii. [185];
  • castle and town of, ii. [247];
  • the furthest point in the French campaign of William Rufus, ii. [248].
• Pope,
  • William of Saint-Calais appeals to, i. 103, 109;
  • first appeal made to, i. 119;
  • not to be acknowledged without the king’s consent, i. 414;
  • Anselm insists on the acknowledgement, i. 416;
  • question left unsettled, i. 424;
  • no reference to, in the case of English episcopal appointments, i. 425;
  • position of England towards, i. 496.
• Porchester,
  • Duke Robert lands at, ii. [405];
  • church and castle of, ii. 406 [(note)].
• Powys, advance of Earl Roger in, ii. [97].
• Prisoners, ransom of, i. 464.
• Purkis, the charcoal-burner, legend of, ii. [679].

Q.