The Reign of William Rufus and the Accession of Henry the First, Volume 2 (of 2)

by Edward A. Freeman

• Quatford,
  • Danish fortification at, ii. [152];
  • castle of, ii. [153];
  • Earl Roger’s buildings at, ii. [154];
  • legend of the foundation of the church, ii. 154 [(note)].

R.

• Radegund, wife of Robert of Geroy, i. 469 (note).
• Radnor, ii. [77].
• Ralph Luffa,
  • Bishop of Chichester, i. 353;
  • at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444;
  • whether a mediator between Henry I. and the garrison of Arundel, ii. 430 [(note)].
• Ralph, Bishop of Coutances, at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. 444.
• Ralph, Abbot of Seez, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury,
  • driven out by Robert of Bellême, i. 184, 242;
  • his alleged share in the surrender of Arundel, ii. 430 [(note)].
• Ralph of Aix, death of William Rufus attributed to, ii. [325], [334], [663].
• Ralph of Fresnay and Beaumont,
  • truce granted to, by William Rufus, ii. [230];
  • estimate of his conduct, ii. [231];
  • submits to William Rufus, ii. [241].
• Ralph of Mortemer,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
  • submits to him, i. 231.
• Ralph Paganel, Sheriff of Yorkshire,
  • his treatment of William of Saint-Calais, i. 31;
  • founds Holy Trinity Priory, York, ib.;
  • his action in regard to Bishop William’s lands, i. 90;
  • at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 111.
• Ralph of Toesny, or Conches,
  • drives out the ducal forces, i. 193;
  • joins Robert’s expedition into Maine, i. 209;
  • his feud with William of Evreux, i. 231, 233, 245;
  • asks help in vain from Duke Robert, i. 234;
  • submits to Rufus, ib.;
  • his treaties with William of Evreux, i. 267, 270;
  • wars against Robert of Meulan, i. 270;
  • supports William Rufus in his second invasion, i. 472;
  • his death, i. 270;
  • entertains William Rufus, ii. [246].
• Ralph of Toesny, the younger, i. 233, 271.
• Ralph of Wacey, his nickname, ii. [193].
• Ralph of Wader, goes on the first crusade, i. 552.
• Rama, siege of, ii. 117 [(note)], [122].
• Randolf Flambard, Bishop of Durham,
  • feudal developement under, i. 4;
  • his early history, i. 329, ii. [551];
  • said to have been Dean of Twinham, i. 330, ii. [553];
  • his parents, i. 331;
  • origin of his surname, i. 331, ii. [555];
  • his financial skill, i. 331;
  • his probable share in Domesday, i. 331, ii. [552];
  • his alleged new Domesday, i. 332, ii. [562];
  • Justiciar, i. 333, ii. [557];
  • his loss of land for the New Forest, i. 333;
  • his systematic changes and exactions, i. 333, 339, 346, 348;
  • his alleged spoliation of the rich, i. 334, 341;
  • systematizes the feudal tenures, i. 336 et seq.;
  • his theory of land tenure, i. 337;
  • extent of his changes, i. 340;
  • the law-giver of English feudalism, i. 341;
  • suggests the holding of the revenues of vacant sees, i. 345 et seq., ii. [564];
  • his action in keeping the see of Canterbury vacant, i. 363 (note);
  • his suit against Anselm, i. 428;
  • attacks and imprisons Robert son of Godwine, ii. [121];
  • King Eadgar’s action towards, [ib.];
  • his exactions, ii. [256];
  • joint regent with Bishop Walkelin, ii. [266];
  • see of Durham granted to, ii. [271];
  • his consecration, [ib.];
  • character of the appointment, ii. [272];
  • his buildings at Durham, ii. [60], [272];
  • founds Norham Castle, [ib.];
  • his personal character, ii. [273];
  • his penitent end, ii. [274];
  • his dealings with Saint Alban’s Abbey, ii. 359 [(note)];
  • imprisoned by Henry, ii. [361];
  • his escape, ii. [397];
  • adventures of his mother, ii. [398];
  • stirs Duke Robert up against Henry, [ib.];
  • said to have brought about desertions to Duke Robert, ii. [404];
  • receives the revenues of the see of Lisieux under cover of his son, ii. [416];
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. [536];
  • entries about, in Domesday, ii. [553];
  • his official position, ii. [557];
  • story of the attempt on his life, ii. [560];
  • his measurement by the rope, ii. [563].
• Randolf Meschines, Earl of Chester, grant of the earldom of Carlisle to, ii. [549].
• Randolf Peverel, ii. [485].
• Randolf, his encounter with Saint Eadmund, ii. [269].
• Ransom, growth of the custom, i. 464.
• Rapes, in Sussex, origin of the name, ii. [564].
• Raymond, Count of Toulouse, refuses to do homage to Alexios, i. 564 (note).
• Redemption of land,
  • as devised by Flambard, i. 337;
  • as reformed by Henry I., i. 338, 353.
• Reginald, Abbot of Abingdon,
  • said to have helped in distributing the Conqueror’s treasure, ii. 265 [(note)];
  • his death, ii. 265 [(note)], 381 [(note)].
• Reginald of Saint Evroul, adorns Robert of Rhuddlan’s tomb, i. 128.
• Reginald of Warren, comes to Robert’s help at Rouen, i. 249, 253.
• Reingar, Bishop of Lucca, his protest in favour of Anselm, i. 622.
• Relief,
  • Flambard’s theory as to, i. 337, 338;
  • enforced by Henry’s charter, i. 338, ii. [353].
• Remigius, Bishop of Lincoln,
  • denounces the slave trade, i. 310;
  • completes the minster, ib.;
  • his dispute with Thomas of York, i. 311;
  • wins over William Rufus, ib.;
  • his death, i. 312;
  • alleged miracles at his tomb, i. 312 (note);
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Rémusat, Charles de, his Life of Anselm, i. 325 (note).
• Rhuddlan,
  • attacked by Gruffydd, i. 122;
  • castle of, ii. [77].
• Rhyd-y-gors Castle,
  • built by William Rufus, ii. [97];
  • defence of, ii. [101];
  • gained by the Welsh, ii. [106].
• Rhys ap Tewdwr, King of Deheubarth,
  • driven from and restored to his kingdom, i. 121;
  • his attack on Rhuddlan Castle, i. 122, ii. [78];
  • his defeat and death at Brecknock, ii. [91];
  • effect of his death, ii. [92].
• Rhys ap Thomas, Sir, ii. 95 [(note)].
• Richard I., compared with William Rufus, i. 290.
• Richard II., recasts Westminster Hall, ii. [262].
• Richard the Good, Duke of the Normans, i. 169.
• Richard, son of Duke Robert, his death, ii. [316].
• Richard,
  • son of Henry I. and Ansfrida, ii. [314], [380];
  • dies in the White Ship, ii. [381].
• Richard, Abbot of Saint Alban’s, ii. [166].
• Richard, Abbot of Ely,
  • his appointment, ii. [360];
  • removed by Anselm, [ib.]
• Richard of Courcy,
  • besieged by Duke Robert and Robert of Bellême, i. 274;
  • supports William Rufus, i. 472.
• Richard of Montfort, his death before Conches, i. 266.
• Richard of Redvers,
  • supports Henry, i. 221;
  • surrenders to William Rufus, i. 283;
  • joins Henry, i. 320;
  • one of Henry’s inner council, ii. [362];
  • his loyalty to Henry, ii. [399];
  • granted to Henry by Robert, ii. [513].
• Richard Siward, ii. [86].
• Richard Tisone, ii. [596].
• Richer of Laigle, i. 243 (note).
• Richera (Richesa), sister of Anselm, his letters to, ii. [579].
• Robert, Duke of the Normans,
  • assertion of his hereditary right, i. 11 (note), ii. [460];
  • releases Duncan and Wulf, i. 14;
  • his gifts for his father’s soul, i. 18;
  • compared with William Rufus, i. 20, 226;
  • arguments of the rebels in his favour, i. 24 et seq.;
  • invited to England by Odo, i. 56;
  • sends over Robert of Bellême and others, ib.;
  • delays his coming, i. 71, 74;
  • his childish boasting, i. 71;
  • his promises to Odo, i. 72;
  • welcomes Bishop William, i. 117;
  • M. le Hardy’s apology for him, i. 175 (note);
  • William of Malmesbury’s estimate of him, ib.;
  • character of his reign foretold by his father, i. 189;
  • anarchy under him, i. 190, 191;
  • his character, i. 190, 298, ii. [393];
  • spread of vice under him, i. 192;
  • his lavish waste, i. 195;
  • sells the Côtentin and Avranchin to Henry, i. 196, ii. [510–516];
  • imprisons Henry and Robert of Bellême, i. 199;
  • Earl Roger makes war on him, ib.;
  • Odo’s exhortation to him, i. 200;
  • does homage to Fulk of Anjou for Maine, i. 204;
  • Maine submits to him, i. 209;
  • Ballon surrenders to him, i. 210;
  • besieges Saint Cenery, i. 211;
  • blinds Robert Carrel, i. 216;
  • grants Saint Cenery to Robert, grandson of Geroy, i. 217;
  • Alençon and Bellême surrender to him, i. 218;
  • frees Robert of Bellême and Henry, i. 220;
  • asks King Philip to help him against William, i. 237;
  • suspects the loyalty of Maine, ii. [191];
  • asks help of Fulk of Anjou, ii. [192];
  • bargains for the marriage of Fulk and Bertrada, ii. [193], [194];
  • Maine revolts again, ii. [197];
  • his carelessness as to his loss, ii. [200];
  • cleaves to his rights over the bishopric, [ib.];
  • marches on Eu, i. 238;
  • a party in Rouen in his favour, i. 248;
  • Henry and Robert of Bellême come to his help, ib.;
  • sent away from Rouen by Henry, i. 255;
  • is brought back, i. 260;
  • his treatment of the citizens, ib.;
  • helps Robert of Bellême in his private wars, i. 273;
  • his treaty with William, i. 275–281, ii. [522], [528];
  • marches against Henry, i. 283;
  • besieges Saint Michael’s Mount, i. 285–292, ii. [528–535];
  • story of his clemency towards Henry, i. 291, ii. [534];
  • accompanies William to England, i. 295, 297;
  • his relations with Malcolm, i. 297, ii. [541] et seq.;
  • mediates between William and Malcolm, i. 301;
  • former homage of Malcolm to him, i. 302, ii. [542];
  • signs the Durham charter, i. 305, ii. [536];
  • his fresh dispute with William, i. 306;
  • leaves England, i. 307;
  • Henry wars against him, i. 321;
  • consents to Anselm’s acceptance of the primacy, i. 406;
  • his challenges to William, i. 435, 436;
  • his meeting with him, i. 461;
  • calls on Philip for help, i. 463;
  • takes La Houlme, i. 465;
  • besieges Montacute, i. 469 (note);
  • Henry again wars against him, i. 470;
  • his eagerness to go on the crusade, i. 552;
  • forced to apply to William for help, i. 553;
  • Abbot Geronto mediates between them, i. 553–555;
  • pledges Normandy to William, i. 555, ii. [506];
  • his conference with William, i. 559;
  • sets forth, i. 560;
  • his conduct as a crusader, i. 560, 564, 565, 566, ii. [394];
  • blessed by Urban at Lucca, i. 561;
  • goes to Rome, ib.;
  • welcomed by Roger of Apulia, ib.;
  • crosses to Dyrrhachion, i. 563;
  • does homage to Alexios at Constantinople, i. 564;
  • his presence at Laodikeia and Jerusalem, i. 564, 565, ii. [300];
  • said to have refused the crown of Jerusalem, i. 566;
  • marries Sibyl of Conversana, ii. [312];
  • his reception in Southern Italy, [ib.];
  • returns to Normandy, i. 566, ii. [311], [367];
  • gives thanks at Saint Michael’s for his safe return, ii. [367];
  • his renewed misgovernment, ii. [367], [394];
  • his claims to the English throne, ii. [343], [344], [346];
  • supported by William of Breteuil and other Normans, ii. [346], [347];
  • Norman nobles intrigue with, against Henry I., ii. [366], [368];
  • beginning of his war with Henry, ii. [368];
  • his reply to the garrison of Le Mans, ii. [372];
  • plots on his behalf, ii. [395];
  • his grants and promises, [ib.];
  • his fleet, ii. [402];
  • desertions to, ii. [404], [409], [686];
  • lands at Portchester, ii. [405];
  • estimate of his conduct in not besieging Winchester, ii. [406];
  • meets Henry near Alton, ii. [409];
  • threatened with excommunication by Anselm, ii. [410];
  • negotiates with him, ii. [412];
  • personal meeting and treaty between the brothers, ii. [412–415], [538], [688–691];
  • returns to Normandy, ii. [414];
  • Henry negotiates with him, against Robert of Bellême, ii. [426];
  • besieges Vignats, [ib.];
  • said to have stood godfather to Eadgyth-Matilda, ii. [602].
• Robert, Bishop of Hereford,
  • foretells the death of Remigius, i. 312;
  • receives Wulfstan’s confession, i. 479;
  • Wulfstan appears to him, i. 480;
  • absolved by Anselm for his conduct at Rockingham, i. 533;
  • Wulfstan appears to him again, ib. and note;
  • his death, i. 535.
• Robert Bloet, Bishop of Lincoln,
  • accompanies William Rufus to England, i. 13;
  • his appointment, i. 395, ii. [584];
  • his character and offices, i. 395, 447, ii. [584] et seq.;
  • Thomas of York claims the right to consecrate him, i. 433;
  • consecrated by Anselm, i. 445–447;
  • bribes Rufus, i. 446;
  • his death, i. 448, ii. [587];
  • local legends about, i. 448, ii. [586];
  • said to have besieged Tickhill, ii. [431];
  • signs the Durham charter, ii. [536];
  • not in good favour with monks, ii. [585];
  • his son Simon, ii. [586];
  • meaning of his name, ii. [588].
• Robert, Bishop of Bath, restores the canons of Wells, ii. [487].
• Robert Losinga, Abbot of New Minster,
  • the abbey bought for him by his son, i. 355;
  • his death, ii. 265 [(note)], [267].
• Robert, Abbot of Saint Eadmund’s,
  • his appointment, ii. [359];
  • removed by Anselm, ii. [360].
• Robert of Bellême,
  • sent over to England by Duke Robert, i. 57, ii. [465] et seq.;
  • agrees to surrender Rochester, i. 80;
  • pleadings made for him, i. 84;
  • his history and greatness, i. 179, 180;
  • his character, i. 181;
  • his cruelty and enmities, i. 182–184, ii. [151], [222];
  • drives out the ducal garrisons, i. 193, 201;
  • sent against Rufus by Robert, i. 57;
  • returns to Normandy and is imprisoned, i. 199, 219;
  • exhortation of Odo against him, i. 201;
  • released at his father’s prayer, i. 219, 220;
  • his subsequent action, i. 242;
  • drives away Abbot Ralph of Seez, i. 184, 242;
  • comes to the help of Duke Robert, i. 248;
  • helped by Robert against his neighbours, i. 273, 274;
  • his oppression at Domfront, i. 319;
  • succeeds to the Norman estates of his father, i. 180, 473;
  • to his English estates, i. 180, ii. [148];
  • men of Domfront revolt against, i. 319;
  • his action in Wales, ii. [113];
  • extent of his estates, ii. [148], [163];
  • his position on the continent and in England, ii. [149], [150];
  • compared with the Counts of Mortain, ii. [149], and with Hugh of Chester, ii. [150];
  • his oppression, ii. [151];
  • his skill in castle-building, [ib.];
  • his defences in Shropshire, ii. [152];
  • removes from Quatford to Bridgenorth, ii. [155];
  • builds Careghova Castle, ii. [158];
  • his Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire estates, ii. [159];
  • lands of Roger of Bully granted to, ii. [162];
  • strengthens Gisors Castle, ii. [187];
  • attacks Maine, ii. [213];
  • stirs up William Rufus to war, ii. [215];
  • carries it on, ii. [216];
  • his nickname of “Robert the Devil,” ii. [216], [219];
  • his castles in Maine, ii. [216];
  • wrong and sacrilege done by him, ii. [221], [222];
  • defeated by Helias, ii. [222], [223];
  • takes Helias prisoner, ii. [224];
  • contrasted with William Rufus, [ib.];
  • occupies and strengthens Ballon Castle, ii. [235], [282];
  • story of him at the siege of Mayet, ii. [291];
  • hastens to acknowledge Henry I. as king, ii. [362];
  • calls himself the “man” of Helias, ii. 373 [(note)];
  • plots against Henry, ii. [395];
  • Duke Robert’s grants to, [ib.];
  • deserts from Henry, ii. [409];
  • said to have negotiated between Henry and Robert, ii. [412];
  • charges brought against, ii. [421];
  • does not appear before the assembly, [ib.];
  • proclamation against, ii. [442];
  • again summoned, but refuses to come, [ib.];
  • greatness of his possessions, ii. [423];
  • his acquisition of Ponthieu, [ib.];
  • his Welsh and Irish allies, ii. [423–426];
  • strengthens his castles, ii. [428];
  • harries Staffordshire, ii. [429];
  • Henry’s faith pledged for his life, ii. [430], [438];
  • seizes the land of William Pantulf, ii. [434];
  • feeling in the army on his behalf, ii. [436];
  • his dealings wth Murtagh and with Magnus, ii. [442];
  • holds out at Shrewsbury, ii. [445];
  • his despair, ii. [446];
  • sues for peace, and submits, ii. [448];
  • his banishment, ii. [449];
  • joy at his overthrow, [ib.];
  • his later history, i. 184, ii. [450].
• Robert Carrel,
  • holds Saint Cenery against Duke Robert, i. 215;
  • blinded by him, i. 216.
• Robert of Conteville, i. 115.
• Robert the Cornard, his device of pointed shoes, i. 159, ii. [502].
• Robert of Courcy,
  • marries Rohesia of Grantmesnil, i. 273 (note);
  • wounded at Saônes, ii. [222].
• Robert of Curzon, Saint Eadmund’s dealings with, ii. [269].
• Robert the Dispenser,
  • signs the foundation charter of Salisbury Cathedral, i. 309 (note);
  • invents the surname Flambard, i. 309 (note), 331.
• Robert Count of Eu, submits to Rufus, i. 229.
• Robert Fitz-hamon,
  • his loyalty to William Rufus, i. 62;
  • Matilda’s lands granted to, by Rufus, i. 198;
  • his foundation at Tewkesbury, i. 479;
  • story of him and Jestin, ii. [80];
  • estimate of the story, ii. [81], [614];
  • his conquest of Glamorgan and settlement at Cardiff, ii. [81], [84];
  • other notices of, ii. [82];
  • marries Earl Roger’s daughter, ii. [83];
  • his works at Gloucester and Tewkesbury, ii. [84];
  • said to have taken part against Rhys, ii. [91];
  • tells the monk’s dream to William Rufus, ii. [328];
  • legend of his share in the burial of Rufus, ii. [338], [676];
  • signs Henry’s letter to Anselm, ii. [366];
  • his loyalty to him, ii. [399];
  • said to have negotiated between Henry and Robert, ii. [412].
• Robert Fitzharding, his probable origin, i. 46 (note).
• Robert the Frisian, Count of Flanders,
  • his interview with William Rufus, i. 411;
  • his expedition to the East, ib.;
  • his help to the Emperor Alexios, ib.;
  • his death, ib.
• Robert of Jerusalem, Count of Flanders,
  • succeeds his father, i. 412;
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 551, 560;
  • Anselm’s letter to, ii. [581].
• Robert, Earl of Gloucester,
  • natural son of Henry I., ii. [379], [414];
  • marries Mabel, daughter of Robert Fitz-hamon, ii. [83].
• Robert, natural son of Henry I. and Nest, ii. [379].
• Robert Malet, his banishment, ii. [417].
• Robert, Count of Meulan,
  • son of Roger of Beaumont, i. 184;
  • his possessions, i. 185;
  • his exploits at Senlac, ib.;
  • his fame for wisdom, ib.;
  • claims Ivry, i. 243;
  • his imprisonment and release, ib.;
  • advises Rufus as to Anselm’s conditions, i. 417;
  • supports William Rufus, i. 472;
  • his description of Anselm, i. 511;
  • marries Isabel of Vermandois, i. 187 (note), 551;
  • his marriage denounced by Bishop Ivo of Chartres, i. 551 (note);
  • his answer to Anselm’s discourse, i. 591;
  • his policy towards William Rufus, ii. [182], [184];
  • receives his troops, ii. [182];
  • counsels William Rufus to reject Helias’s offer of service, ii. [243], [641];
  • accompanies Henry to London, ii. [350], [680];
  • one of his councillors, i. 186, ii. [350], [362], [420];
  • does not sign Henry’s charter or letter to Anselm, ii. [366];
  • Norman raid against his lands, ii. [367];
  • his advice to Henry I., ii. [400];
  • his bargain with Ivo of Grantmesnil, ii. [418];
  • becomes Earl of Leicester, ii. [419];
  • his death, i. 187, 419;
  • his sons, ib.;
  • his college at Leicester, ii. [420];
  • Anselm’s letters to him, ii. [580].
• Robert, Earl of Leicester,
  • son of Robert of Meulan, i. 187, ii. [419];
  • founds Leicester Abbey, ii. [420].
• Robert of Montfort,
  • repairs and holds Vaux-en-Belin for William Rufus, ii. [289];
  • his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. [358];
  • his treason to Duke Robert, ii. [427].
• Robert, Count of Mortain,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 33, ii. [470];
  • holds Pevensey against him, i. 53, 62;
  • exhorted by Odo to hold out, i. 70;
  • besieged by William Rufus in Pevensey, i. 73, 76;
  • surrenders, i. 76.
• Robert of Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 35;
  • burns Bath, i. 41;
  • besieges Ilchester without success, i. 42, 44;
  • drives back Malcolm, i. 297;
  • his expedition against him, ii. [16], [592];
  • grants Tynemouth to Saint Alban’s, ii. [19], [605];
  • grounds for his conspiracy, ii. [37], [40];
  • marries Matilda of Laigle, ii. [38];
  • his second revolt against William Rufus, ii. [38], [43];
  • plunders Norwegian ships, ii. [40];
  • refuses redress, ii. [41];
  • summoned to the king’s court, [ib.];
  • demands a safe-conduct, ii. [42];
  • his open rebellion, ii. [42], [43];
  • defence and sieges of his fortresses, ii. [46];
  • holds Bamburgh against Rufus, ii. [50], [607];
  • his alleged despair, ii. [51];
  • his escape from Bamburgh, ii. [52], [609];
  • said to have been taken at Tynemouth, ii. [53], [610];
  • threatened with blinding, ii. [54], [610];
  • versions of his later history, ii. [54], [611].
• Robert of Neville,
  • one of the defenders of Bridgenorth, ii. [433];
  • his negotiations with Henry I., ii. [440], [443].
• Robert of Pontefract,
  • plots against Henry I., ii. [395];
  • his banishment, ii. [417].
• Robert, Marquess of Rhuddlan,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
  • attack made on his lands by Gruffydd, i. 122, 124;
  • his probable change of party, i. 123;
  • returns to North Wales, ib.;
  • his death at Dwyganwy, i. 126;
  • buried at Chester, i. 127;
  • his gifts to Chester, i. 127 (note);
  • his connexion with Saint Evroul, [ib.];
  • translated thither, i. 128;
  • Orderic’s epitaph on, ib.;
  • his lands in North Wales, ii. [77];
  • extension of his possessions, ii. [78].
• Robert of Saint Alban’s, his apostasy, ii. [123].
• Robert of Torigny, his Chronicle, i. 9 (note).
• Robert of Veci, first lord of Alnwick, ii. [596].
• Robert, son of Corbet,
  • one of the defenders of Bridgenorth, ii. [432];
  • notices of his estates in Domesday, ii. 433 [(note)];
  • his negotiations with Henry I., ii. [440], [443].
• Robert,
  • son of Godwine, ii. 117 [(note)], [118];
  • his exploits in Scotland, ii. [118], [617];
  • King Eadgar’s gifts to, ii. [121];
  • attacked and imprisoned by Randolf Flambard, [ib.];
  • goes on the crusade, ii. [122], [617];
  • his exploits and martyrdom, [ib.];
  • modern parallels and contrasts with, ii. [123];
  • notices of, in Fordun and William of Malmesbury, ii. [616], [617].
• Robert, son of Harding, i. 45 (note).
• Robert, son of Hugh of Montfort, sent to occupy the fortresses of Le Mans, ii. [239].
• Robert, son of Nigel and Gundrada, founder of Byland Abbey, ii. [612].
• Robert, son of Geroy, his rebellion and death, i. 214.
• Robert, grandson of Geroy,
  • Saint Cenery granted to, i. 217;
  • loses the castle, i. 469;
  • Henry Ætheling comes to his help against Robert of Bellême, ib.
• Robertson, E. W., on Malcolm’s homage to William Rufus, ii. [540].
• Roche Guyon, La, castle of, ii. [180], [181].
• Rochester,
  • its early history and position, i. 53, 54;
  • later sieges of, i. 53;
  • occupied by Odo, i. 55;
  • the garrison refuse to surrender to William Rufus, i. 77;
  • siege of, i. 79–85;
  • surrenders, i. 85;
  • benefactions of Rufus to the church, ii. [506].
• Rockingham,
  • Council of (1095), i. 487 et seq.;
  • position and history of the place, i. 489, 490;
  • the castle, i. 490;
  • importance of the council, i. 519;
  • its constitution, i. 602.
• Roger, Count of Sicily,
  • legatine power granted to, i. 525 (note);
  • marriage of his daughter, i. 526;
  • besieges Amalfi, i. 561, and Capua, i. 614;
  • forbids conversions of the Saracens, i. 161, 617;
  • contrasted with Henry I., ii. [454].
• Roger, Duke of Apulia,
  • welcomes Duke Robert, i. 561;
  • besieges Amalfi, i. 562;
  • besieges Capua, i. 614;
  • receives Urban and Anselm in his camp, i. 615.
• Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, possibly one of Henry’s inner council, ii. [363].
• Roger, Abbot of Saint Michael’s Mount, i. 284.
• Roger of Beaumont,
  • father of Robert of Meulan, i. 184;
  • Brionne granted to, by Duke Robert, i. 194;
  • obtains the release of his son, i. 243;
  • his death, i. 472.
• Roger Bigod,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 34;
  • his ravages, i. 36;
  • his action at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 98;
  • signs Henry’s charter, ii. [358];
  • his loyalty to Henry, ii. [399];
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Roger of Bully,
  • greatness of his estates, ii. [159], [161];
  • founds the priory of Blyth, ii. [161];
  • his death, ii. [162];
  • his lands granted to Robert of Bellême, [ib.]
• Roger of Clare, with William Rufus in the New Forest, ii. [321].
• Roger of Lacy,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 33;
  • seizes on Hereford, i. 46;
  • his second rebellion, ii. [39];
  • his trial and sentence, ii. [63].
• Roger of Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 33, ii. [470];
  • his action in the rebellion, i. 47, 57;
  • his alleged presence before Worcester, ii. [481];
  • at Arundel, i. 58;
  • founds the priory of Saint Nicolas at Arundel, i. 59 (note);
  • won over by William, i. 61, ii. [462];
  • his action at the siege of Rochester, i. 80;
  • makes war on Duke Robert, i. 199;
  • his fortresses, i. 200;
  • obtains his son’s release, i. 219;
  • his advance in Powys, ii. [97];
  • his death, i. 473;
  • his buildings at Quatford, ii. [154];
  • his foundation at Wenlock, [ib.];
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Roger of Mowbray, son of Nigel and Gundrada, ii. [612].
• Roger of Poitou, son of Earl Roger,
  • rebels against William Rufus, i. 57;
  • his agreement with Bishop William, i. 93;
  • intervenes on his behalf, i. 109, 117, 120;
  • holds Argentan for William Rufus, i. 463;
  • surrenders to Robert, i. 464;
  • plots against Henry I., ii. [395];
  • his share in the rebellion of Robert of Bellême, ii. [423];
  • his banishment, ii. [450].
• Roger of Toesny, son of Ralph and Isabel,
  • county of Evreux settled on, i. 268;
  • his character, ib.;
  • his dream, i. 269;
  • his death, i. 270.
• Roger, son of Corbet, notices of, in Domesday, ii. 433 [(note)].
• Rohais, wife of Richard of Clare, ii. [572].
• Rohesia, daughter of Hugh of Grantmesnil, marries Robert of Courcy, i. 273 (note).
• Romania, use of the word, i. 564 (note).
• Rome,
  • Pope Urban on the unhealthiness of, i. 367 (note);
  • treatment of Duke Robert at, i. 561.
• Rope, measurement by, i. 68 (note), ii. [562], [564].
• Rosella, daughter of Eadwine, ii. [603].
• Rotrou of Montfort,
  • Orderic’s tale of his forsaking Saint Cenery, i. 469 (note);
  • truce granted to, by Rufus, ii. [230];
  • estimate of his conduct, ii. [231].
• Rotrou, Count of Perche,
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 551;
  • imprisoned in the castle of Le Mans, ii. [373];
  • his mother gives the kiss of peace to Bishop Hildebert, ii. 373 [(note)].
• Rouen,
  • municipal spirit in, i. 246;
  • the citizens favour William Rufus, i. 247;
  • Henry comes to Robert’s help at, i. 248;
  • its position in the eleventh century, i. 250;
  • ducal castles at, ib.;
  • cathedral and other churches of, i. 252;
  • its gates and suburbs, i. 252, 253;
  • Robert sent away from, i. 255;
  • taken by Henry, i. 256;
  • treatment of the citizens, i. 260;
  • council held by William Rufus at, ii. [226].
• Rouen,
  • synod of, i. 568;
  • small results of, i. 569.
• Rualedus, story of his treatment by Henry, ii. [540].
• Ruislip, Middlesex, said to have been a cell of Bec, i. 376 (note).

S.

• Saer, holds Pembroke Castle, ii. [451].
• Saint Alban’s,
  • Jews at, i. 160 (note);
  • the abbey granted to the see of Canterbury, i. 423;
  • four years’ vacancy of, i. 424;
  • grant of Tynemouth to, ii. [18], [605];
  • Flambard’s dealings with, ii. 359 [(note)].
• Saint Augustine’s, Canterbury,
  • disturbances at, on Guy’s appointment, i. 139;
  • vengeance of William Rufus on, i. 140.
• Saint Cenery, his relics, i. 213 (note).
• Saint Cenery-le-Gerey,
  • castle besieged by Duke Robert, i. 211, 215;
  • the former monastery, i. 212;
  • foundation of the castle, i. 214;
  • seized by Mabel, i. 215;
  • surrenders to Robert, ib.;
  • mutilation of its defenders, i. 216;
  • granted to Robert, grandson of Geroy, i. 217;
  • taken by Robert of Bellême, i. 469.
• Saint David’s,
  • robbed by pirates, ii. [78];
  • tale of William Rufus’s visit to, ii. [93].
• Saint Eadmundsbury,
  • Jews at, i. 160 (note);
  • church of, rebuilt by Abbot Baldwin, ii. [268];
  • William Rufus forbids the dedication, ii. [269].
• Saint Evroul,
  • connexion of Robert of Rhuddlan with, i. 127;
  • his translation to, i. 128;
  • burial of Hugh of Grantmesnil at, i. 473.
• Saint Gervase, Rouen, priory of, i. 252.
• Saint James,
  • castle of, occupied by Henry, i. 321;
  • position and remains of, i. 321, 322;
  • granted to Earl Hugh, i. 323, ii. [540].
• Saint Julian, translation of his body, ii. [204].
• Saint Mary-le-bow, roof of the church blown down, i. 308, ii. [589].
• Saint Michael’s Mount,
  • bought of Robert by Henry, i. 196;
  • cession of, demanded by William Rufus, i. 277, ii. [524];
  • buildings on, i. 284;
  • Henry besieged at, i. 284–292, ii. [528–535];
  • its position, i. 285;
  • later sieges of, i. 286;
  • surrenders to William, i. 292.
• Saint Oswald’s, Worcester, granted to the see of York, i. 447.
• Saint Ouen, Rouen, abbey of, i. 252.
• Saint Remy-du-plain, castle of, ii. [216], [218].
• Saint Saens, its position, i. 235.
• Saint Stephen’s, Caen, gifts of Rufus to, i. 168, ii. [504–506].
• Saint Tyfrydog, desecration of the church, ii. [131].
• Saint Valery,
  • submits to Rufus, i. 227;
  • historical importance of the fact, i. 228.
• Salisbury, assembly at (1096),
  • case of William of Saint-Calais heard at, i. 94 et seq.;
  • constitutional importance of, ii. [56], [57];
  • compared with that of 1086, ii. [58];
  • sentences passed at, ii. [62].
• Salisbury Cathedral,
  • consecration of, i. 308;
  • fall of the tower roof, i. 309;
  • signatures to the foundation charter, i. 309 (note)
• Samson, canon of Bayeux,
  • his appointment and consecration to the see of Worcester, i. 542–544;
  • his great appetite, i. 543 (note);
  • consecrates Gloucester Abbey, ii. [317].
• Samson, chaplain to the Conqueror, story of his refusing the bishopric of Le Mans, i. 206.
• Samuel, Bishop of Dublin, consecrated by Anselm, i. 544.
• Sanctuary, right of, decree of the council of Clermont as to, i. 548 (note).
• Sanford (Devonshire), held by Roger of Bully, ii. 160 [(note)].
• Saônes,
  • castle of, ii. [216], [218];
  • Helias defeats Robert of Bellême at, ii. [222].
• Saracens in Sicily,
  • compared with the Jews, i. 161;
  • Anselm’s dealings with, i. 616;
  • conversion of, forbidden by Duke Roger, i. 617;
  • in Spain, mentioned in the Chronicle, ii. [306].
• Scandinavians,
  • in Cumberland, i. 315;
  • destroy Carlisle, ib.
• Schiavia, Anselm retires to, i. 615.
• Scotland, kingdom of,
  • becomes English, ii. [5];
  • compared with Wales, ii. [6];
  • effects of the Cumbrian conquest on, ii. [8];
  • Margaret’s reforms in, ii. [23];
  • growth of English influence in, ii. [24–26];
  • party feeling in, on Malcolm’s death, ii. [28];
  • dealings of Magnus with, ii. [147];
  • English influence in, under David, ii. [125];
  • results of Eadgar’s succession, ii. [304].
• Scotland, Abbot of Saint Augustine’s,
  • his death, i. 136;
  • disturbances consequent on, i. 139.
• Seez, enmity of Robert of Bellême to its bishops and abbots, i. 183.
• Seit, and others, letter of Anselm to, ii. [577].
• Selby Abbey, granted to the see of York, i. 447.
• Serlo,
  • Bishop of Seez, ii. [521];
  • excommunicates Robert of Bellême, i. 184.
• Serlo, Abbot of Gloucester,
  • visits Wulfstan, i. 479;
  • his warning to William Rufus, ii. [318], [329].
• Shoes, pointed, i. 158, ii. [502].
• Shrewsbury,
  • burial of Earl Hugh at, ii. [145];
  • Robert of Bellême holds out in, ii. [445];
  • castle of, ii. [446];
  • Henry I. marches against, ii. [446], [447];
  • surrender of, ii. [448], [457];
  • Gemóts held at, ii. [452];
  • earldom of, [ib.]
• Shropshire, defences of,
  • strengthened by Robert of Bellême, ii. [152];
  • early history of its fortresses, [ib.]
• Sibyl of Conversana,
  • marries Duke Robert of Normandy, ii. [312];
  • her character, [ib.];
  • tales of her death, ii. 312 [(note)];
  • called Edith, ii. [687].
• Sibyl, daughter of Henry I., marries Alexander of Scotland, ii. [124].
• Sibyl, daughter of Earl Roger, marries Robert Fitz-hamon, ii. [83].
• Sicilian monarchy, the, i. 525.
• Sicily,
  • its relations with England, i. 526;
  • under the Normans, ii. [306].
• Siegfried, Bishop of Seez, signs the foundation charter of Lonlay Abbey, ii. [539].
• Signs and wonders, i. 176, ii. [246], [258], [302], [316].
• Sigston, church of, granted to the monks of Durham, ii. [535].
• Sigurd,
  • son of Magnus and Thora, ii. [133];
  • earldom of Orkney granted to, ii. [140];
  • his kingdom, ii. [146];
  • his Irish marriage, ii. [136], [146], [443], [622];
  • goes on the crusade, ii. [206].
• Sillé, siege of, compared with the deliverance of Worcester, ii. [480].
• Simeon, Abbot of Ely, ii. [359].
• Simon, son of Robert Bloet, Dean of Lincoln, i. 448, ii. [586].
• Simon of Montfort, the elder and the younger, ii. [190], [253], [254].
• Simon of Montfort, Earl of Leicester,
  • his siege of Rochester, i. 53 (note);
  • his ancestry, ii. [253].
• Simon of Senlis, Earl of Northampton,
  • taken prisoner by Lewis, ii. 190 [(note)];
  • his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. [358].
• Simony, not systematic before Rufus, i. 348.
• Siward Barn, signs the Durham charters, i. 305, ii. [536].
• Siward the priest, ii. 270 [(note)].
• Slave trade, denounced by Remigius, i. 310.
• Solêmes, priory of, ii. [202].
• Somerset,
  • ravaged by Robert of Mowbray, i. 41, 42;
  • bishopric of, removed to Bath, i. 136, ii. [483] et seq.;
  • use of the name, ii. [488].
• Spain, Saracens in, mentioned in the Chronicle, ii. [306].
• Sparsholt, manor of,
  • seized by William Rufus, ii. [380];
  • recovered by Abbot Faricius, ii. 380 [(note)];
  • notices of, in Domesday, ii. 381 [(note)].
• Stafford, commanded by William Pantulf, ii. [434].
• Stars, shooting, notices of, i. 478 (note), ii. [41], [118].
• Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, appeals to the charter of Henry I., ii. [358].
• Stephen, Abbot of Saint Mary’s, York, signs the Durham charter, ii. [536].
• Stephen, Archdeacon of Romsey, Anselm’s letter to, ii. [578].
• Stephen of Aumale,
  • submits to Rufus, i. 228;
  • one of his Norman supporters, i. 472;
  • conspiracy in his favour, ii. [39], [63];
  • no ground for his claim, ii. [39].
• Stephen of Chartres and Blois,
  • goes on the first crusade, i. 551, 560;
  • decamps for awhile, i. 566 (note).
• Stephen, the Jewish convert, story of, i. 163–165.
• Stigand, Bishop of Chichester, his death, i. 135.
• Stoke, priory of Clare moved to, i. 376.
• Stone, manor of, ii. [507].
• Stoppele, church of, granted to Twinham, ii. [555].
• Stow, monks of, moved by Robert Bloet to Eynesham, ii. [585], [587].
• Streatham, lands of Bec at, i. 376.
• Stubbs, William, on the alleged Domesday of Flambard, ii. [562].
• Sudereys, disturbances in,
  • on the death of Godred Crouan, ii. [137], [138];
  • invaded by Magnus, ii. [140].
• Sulien, Bishop of Saint David’s, his death, ii. [78].
• Summons, effect of the practice of, ii. [58].
• Sussex, Earls of, i. 60 (note).
• Sutton, church at, granted to Abingdon Abbey, ii. [506].
• Swansea Castle, ii. [103].
• Swegen, son of Æthelric, ii. [551].
• Swegen, King, his overthrow at Gainsburgh compared with the deliverance of Worcester, ii. [480].
• Swinecombe, held by Bec, i. 375.

T.

• Tancard, Abbot of Jumièges, his appointment, i. 570.
• Tenby Castle, ii. [95].
• Tewkesbury Abbey,
  • founded by Robert Fitz-hamon, i. 479, ii. [84];
  • grant of Welsh churches to, [ib.]
• Thames, great tide in the, ii. [302].
• Theningmannagemót, the, i. 604.
• Theobald of Gisors. See [Pagan].
• Theobald, the White Knight, helps to defend Courcy, ii. [519].
• Thetford, hospital at,
  • founded by William Rufus, ii. [506];
  • the see moved to Norwich, i. 449, ii. [569].
• Thierry, Augustin, on the punishment of the monks of Saint Augustine’s, i. 140 (note).
• Thomas of London, Archbishop of Canterbury, case of,
  • at Northampton, i. 95;
  • general surprise at his appointment, i. 359;
  • his case compared with those of Anselm and of William of Saint-Calais, i. 597 et seq.
• Thomas of Bayeux, Archbishop of York,
  • at the meeting at Salisbury, i. 95, 102;
  • claims jurisdiction over Lindesey, i. 311, 433;
  • present at Anselm’s consecration, i. 429;
  • asserts his metropolitan rights, i. 431;
  • compromise agreed to, i. 447;
  • at the deathbed of William of Durham, ii. [61];
  • not present at the coronation of Henry I., ii. 350 [(note)], [681];
  • his death, ii. [391];
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. [536];
  • his alleged coronation of Henry, ii. [682].
• Thomas,
  • son of Flambard, ii. [552];
  • his appointment to the see of Lisieux, ii. [416].
• Thora, mother of Sigurd, ii. [133].
• Thurstan, Abbot of Glastonbury, restored by William Rufus, i. 135.
• Tiberius, Emperor, William Rufus compared to, i. 148.
• Tiberius, Legate, ii. [488].
• Tickhill (Dadesley) Castle, ii. [160];
  • name used indiscriminately with Blyth, ii. [162];
  • surrenders to Henry I., ii. [431];
  • its later history, ii. [432].
• Tinchebrai, English feeling about the battle, ii. [402].
• Toledo, taking of, ii. [306].
• Tooting, lands of Bec at, i. 376.
• Tostig, his works at Tynemouth, ii. [18], [604].
• Touques,
  • William Rufus sets sail from, i. 13;
  • his voyage to, ii. [284];
  • its present appearance, [ib.]
• Toustain, manor of Sparsholt granted to, ii. [380].
• Tower of London,
  • surrounded by a wall, i. 261;
  • first recorded case of its use as a state prison, ii. [361].
• Tréport, Robert’s fleet at, ii. [402].
• Trondhjem, Saint Olaf’s body translated to, ii. [139].
• Truce of God,
  • confirmed by the synod of Rouen, i. 568;
  • observed by William Rufus, ii. [290].
• Trye, castle of, ii. [188].
• Tunbridge Castle,
  • holds out against William Rufus, i. 53;
  • its position, i. 68;
  • not in Domesday, i. 68 (note);
  • granted to Richard of Clare in exchange for Brionne, ib.;
  • taken by William Rufus, i. 69.
• Turgot, Prior of Durham and Bishop of Saint Andrews,
  • favourably received by William Rufus, i. 298;
  • joins in laying the foundation stone of Durham Abbey, ii. [11];
  • appointed to the see of Saint Andrews, ii. [124];
  • as to the writings attributed to him, ii. [596].
• Turold, Bishop of Bayeux, his appointment, i. 571.
• Turold, Abbot of Peterborough, his death, ii. [267].
• Twinham,
  • connexion of Randolf Flambard with, ii. [553];
  • church of, ii. [554];
  • Earl Godwine a benefactor of, ii. [555].
• Tynemouth,
  • Malcolm’s burial at, ii. [17];
  • history of, ii. [17–19], [602] et seq.;
  • besieged by William Rufus, ii. [47], [606];
  • description of, ii. [48], [606];
  • taking of, ii. [48], [607];
  • alleged escape of Robert of Mowbray to, ii. [53], [609].

U.

• Uhtred, brother of Morkere, ii. [605].
• Uhtred, son of Edwin, besieges Pembroke, ii. [108].
• Uhtred, son of Fergus, ii. [551].
• Ulf, son of Harold and Eadgyth, ii. [134], [135].
• Urban II., Pope,
  • advises Anselm against going to Rome, i. 367 (note);
  • English feeling as to his claim to the papacy, i. 415;
  • Anselm claims to acknowledge him, i. 416;
  • the question left unsettled, i. 424;
  • his correspondence with Wulfstan, i. 479;
  • his acknowledgement insisted on by Anselm, i. 486;
  • position of the rival Popes, i. 488;
  • no real objection on William’s part to acknowledge him, i. 489;
  • holds a Council at Piacenza, i. 522, 545;
  • mission of William Rufus to him, i. 524;
  • received at Cremona by Conrad, i. 525;
  • acknowledged by Rufus, i. 528;
  • holds the Council of Clermont, i. 545–547;
  • preaches the crusades, i. 549;
  • sends Abbot Jeronto on a mission to William Rufus, i. 553, ii. [588];
  • bribed by William, i. 554;
  • sends his nephew, ib.;
  • blesses Duke Robert and his companions, i. 561;
  • his reception and treatment of Anselm, i. 607, 608, 621;
  • in Roger’s camp at Capua, i. 615;
  • Eadmer’s way of speaking of him, i. 616 (note);
  • forbids Anselm to resign, i. 617;
  • holds the Council of Bari, i. 608, 618;
  • his dealings with William of Warelwast, i. 619, 620;
  • threatens William Rufus with excommunication, i. 619;
  • is bribed to give him a respite, i. 620;
  • his treatment of Anselm, i. 621;
  • holds the Lateran Council, i. 607, 621;
  • his death, i. 622, ii. [300], [311];
  • Anselm’s letters to him, i. 612, ii. [582].
• Urse of Abetot, Sheriff of Gloucester and Worcester, at the trial of William of Saint-Calais, i. 94.

V.