[44] Tertullian, "On Monogamy," in Donaldson's Ante-Nicene Fathers, IV, 66, 67. See also Geffcken, op. cit., 19-21.
[45] Esmein, op. cit., II, 51. Chrysostom (De libello repudii, c. iii), Asterius of Amasea, Theodoret, and Hilarius of Poitiers all appear to hold that marriage is absolutely dissolved by adultery, from which the right of second marriage for both parties logically follows: ibid., II, 50, 51; Zhishman, op. cit., 101, 102; Geffcken, op. cit., 31.
[46] Freisen, op. cit., 771. Cf. also Greve, Ehescheidung, 195, 208 ff. (second marriage in general); Cigoi, Unauflösbarkeit, 23 ff.; Geffcken, op. cit., 22; Loening, op. cit., II, 608.
[47] The rubric of Canon 10 of the council runs: "Ut is, cujus uxor adulteravit, aliam illa vivente non accipiat."—Freisen, op. cit., 771.
[48] The canon itself provides: "De his, qui conjuges suas in adulterio deprehendunt, et iidem sunt adolescentes fideles et prohibentur nubere, placuit, ut, in quantum possit, consilium iis detur, ne viventibus uxoribus suis licet adulteris alias accipiant."
[49] This disparity is variously explained. Freisen, op. cit., 771, sees here the influence of the Roman law (c. 1, Cod. ad leg. Jul. [ix-9]), which he alleges judges the man more leniently than the woman; but Geffcken, op. cit., 22, 23, explains it more reasonably as the result of a difference of local practice, since such a discrimination between man and woman "the church had thus far zealously opposed;" and, besides, he insists that the passage from the code is not in point. It should be remembered, also, that some of the early Fathers, as we have seen, followed the illiberal principles of the Mosaic law discriminating against the woman; this prejudice may have prevailed at the Council of Arles. On these councils see also Esmein, op. cit., II, 55, 56; Loening, op. cit., II, 609 ff.
[50] Esmein, op. cit., II, 53. "Mais c'est vraiment dans saint Augustin que l'on voit établie pour la première fois une relation logique et nécessaire entre le sacrement et l'indissolubilité."—Ibid., I, 65. Cf. Woolsey, op. cit., 110; Zhishman, op. cit., 124.
[51] Esmein, op. cit., II, 51, 52, who collects the important passages from Augustine's De adult. conjug., and his other works. Cf. Freisen, op. cit., 772-74; Woolsey, op. cit., 69,110-12.
[52] Freisen, op. cit., 772-74; Woolsey, op. cit., 112 (Jerome). See Chrysostom, Homilia, XIX, in 1 Cor., chap. 7, as opposed to his De libello repudii, c. iii, already cited. Hieronymus, Epist. 77 ad Oceanum de morte Fabiolae, c. 3, thus expresses the doctrine of equality of the sexes: "Apud nos, quod non licet feminis, atque non licet viris." Such also is the view of Lactantius: Woolsey, op. cit., 116.
[53] "Placuit, ut secundum evangelicam et apostolicam disciplinam neque dimissus ab uxore, neque dimissa a marito alteri conjungantur, sed ita permaneant, aut sibimet reconcilientur. Quod si contempserint ad poenitentiam redigantur": contained in Decret. Grat., c. 5 C. 32 qu. 7. Cf. Freisen, op. cit., 774; Esmein, op. cit., II, 56, 57.