[808] According to Hartmann, The Sexes Compared, 3, 6 ff., there is between man and woman a fundamental and irremovable distinction: The woman rules sexually and therefore "we must, by way of compensation, uphold the legal superiority of man." In establishing sexual equality the progress of culture receives a severe blow. More wonderful is the teaching of Schopenhauer. "Women," he says, "are directly adapted to act as the nurses and educators of our childhood, for the simple reason that they themselves are childish, foolish, and short-sighted—in a word are big children all their lives, something intermediate between the child and the man, who is a man in the strict sense of the word."—On Women: in Dircks's Essays of Schopenhauer, 65; or his Sämmtliche Werke, III, 649 ff.
[809] Lourbet, La femme devant la science contemporaine, 157, 161. See especially Bebel, Die Frau und der Sozialismus, 233 ff.
[810] Spencer, Justice, 186. For an elaborate discussion of woman's mental capacity see Mill, Subjection of Women, 91-146.
[811] For example, see Dr. Strahan, "The Struggle of the Sexes: its Effect upon the Race," Humanitarian, III (Nov., 1893), 349-57; replying to an article entitled "Sex Bias" in the same journal for July of that year; Edson, "Women of Today," North Am. Rev., CLVII, 440-51; who is criticised by Ichenhaeuser, Die Ausnahmestellung Deutschlands in Sachen des Frauenstudiums, 8 ff.; an article entitled "'Woman's Rights' Question Considered from a Biological Point of View," Quart. Jour. of Sci., XV, 469-84; which is effectually disposed of by Ward, "Our Better Halves," Forum, VI, 266-75. Ward is attacked by Allen, "Woman's Place in Nature," Forum, VII, 258-63. Romanes, "Mental Differences of Men and Women," in Pop. Sci. Monthly, XXXI, 383-401, takes a conservative or intermediate position. A liberal view is held by Brooks, "The Condition of Women Zoölogically," ibid., XV, 145 ff., 347 ff.; and by White, "Woman's Place in Nature," ibid., VI, 292-301.
[812] Caird, Morality of Marriage, 13, 174, 175.
[813] Quoted by Caird, op. cit., 14. For a trenchant discussion of this point compare Mill, Subjection of Women, 38-52, 111 ff., passim.
[814] Ward, Dynamic Sociology, I, 662.
[815] Dike, "Some Aspects of the Divorce Question," Princeton Rev., March, 1884, 180. Compare Allen, "The New England Family," New Englander, March, 1882, 146 ff.; Crepaz, Die Gefahren der Frauen-Emancipation, 24 ff.
[816] Kuczynski, "Fecundity of the Native and Foreign Born Pop. of Mass.," Quart. Jour. of Economics, XVI, 1-36; Crum, "The Birth-Rate in Mass.," ibid., XI, 248-65; Dumont, "Essai sur le natalité en Mass.," Jour. de la soc. stat. de Paris, XXXVIII (1897), 332-53, 385-95; XXXIX (1898), 64-99; Molinari, "Decline of the French Population," Jour. of the Royal Stat. Soc., LIII, 183-97; Mayo-Smith, Statistics and Sociology, 67 ff.; Ussher, Neo-Malthusianism, 137-64; Edson, "Women of Today," North Am. Rev., CLVII, 446 ff.
[817] Sometime, it is to be hoped, society may seriously take in hand the problem of restraining the propagation of criminals, dependents, and the other unfit: see Warner, American Charities, 132, 133.