History of Greece, Volume 12 (of 12)

by George Grote

• H.
• Hadês, i. 6 seq., 7, 9.
• Hæmôn and Antigonê, i. 276.
• Haliartus, Lysander at, ix. 294.
• Halikarnassus, ii. 31, iii. 201;
  • capture of, by Alexander, [xii. 94] seq.
• Halonnesus, dispute between Philip and the Athenians about, xi. 449 seq.
• Halys, the, 207.
• Hamilkar, defeat and death of, at Himera, v. 222 seq.
• Hamilkar, collusion of, with Agathokles, [xii. 401];
  • superseded in Sicily by another general of the same name, [xii. 403].
• Hamilkar, victory of, at the Himera, [xii. 408] seq.;
  • attempt of, upon Syracuse, [xii. 422];
  • defeat and death of, [xii. 424].
• Hannibal, expeditions of, to Sicily, x. 402-415, 421 seq.
• Hanno, silly fabrication of, xi. 158.
• Harmodius and Aristogeitôn, iv. 111 seq.
• Harmosts, Spartan, ix. 189 seq., 197, 201.
• Harpagus, iv. 202, 207.
• Harpalus, [xii. 240], [294] seq.
• Harpies, the, i. 1, 266.
• Hêbê, i. 10.
• Hectôr, i. 286, 297.
• Hegemony, Athenian, v. 291 seq.
• Hegesippus, xi. 446.
• Hegesistratus, iv. 118, v. 191, [xii. 90], [91].
• Hekabê, i. 286.
• Hekatæus on Geryôn, i. 249;
  • on the Argonauts, i. 253;
  • and the mythes, i. 391;
  • and the Ionic revolt, iv. 284, 296.
• Hekatompylus, Alexander at, [xii. 188].
• Hekatoncheires, the, i. 4, 5.
• Hekatonymus and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 129 seq.
• Helen, i. 161, 168, 169;
  • necklace of, i. 282;
  • and Paris, i. 287;
  • and Achilles, i. 294;
  • various legends of, i. 305 seq.
• Helenus and Andromachê, i. 305.
• Heliæa, iii. 128 n., iv. 137, 141 seq.
• Heliasts, iv. 141.
• Helikê, destruction of, x. 157.
• Helios, i. 6, 344.
• Helixus, viii. 133.
• Hellanikus, his treatment of mythes, i. 390;
  • contrasted with Saxo Grammaticus and Snorro Sturleson, i. 468.
• Hellas, division of, i. 100;
  • proper, ii. 212;
  • mountain systems of, ii. 212 seq.;
  • islands and colonies of, ii. 224;
  • most ancient, ii. 268;
  • first historical manifestation of, as an aggregate body, iv. 318.
• Hellê and Phryxus, i. 123.
• Hellên and his sons, i. 99 seq.
• Hellênes, i. 99, ii. 236 seq., 255 seq.
• Hellenic religion and customs in the Trôad, i. 337;
  • cities, ii. 257.
• Hellênion at Naukratis, iii. 336.
• Hellenism, definition of, [xii. 270].
• Hellenotamiæ, v. 265, viii. 310.
• Hellespont, bridges of Xerxes over, v. 15 seq., 19 n.;
  • crossed by Xerxes, v. 31;
  • retreating march of Xerxes to, v. 144 seq.;
  • Grecian fleet at, B. C. 479, v. 200;
  • Strombichidês at, viii. 96;
  • Peloponnesian reinforcement to, B. C. 411, viii. 97;
  • Mindarus and Thrasyllus at, viii. 102, 109, 117;
  • Athenians and Peloponnesians at, after the battle of Kynossêma, viii. 117;
  • Thrasyllus and Alkibiadês at, viii. 131;
  • Thrasybulus at, ix. 366;
  • Iphikrates at, ix. 369 seq.;
  • Antalkidas at, ix. 384;
  • Epaminondas at, x. 301, 306;
  • Timotheus at, x. 301, 306, 368;
  • Autoklês at, x. 371 seq.;
  • operations of the Athenians at, B. C. 357, xi. 224;
  • disputes between Athens and Philip about, xi. 450;
  • imprudence of the Persians in letting Alexander cross the, [xii. 78].
• Helôris, unsuccessful expedition of, xi. 5, 7, 15.
• Helots, ii. 373 seq.;
  • Pausanias and, v. 270;
  • revolt of, v. 315 seq.;
  • at Ithômê, capitulation of, v. 333;
  • assassination of, vi. 368 seq.;
  • Brasidean, vii. 21;
  • brought back to Pylus, vii. 71;
  • and the invasion of, Laconia by Epaminondas, x. 219;
  • establishment of, with the Messenians, x. 229 seq.
• Helus, conquered by Alkamenês, ii. 420.
• Hephæstion, [xii. 246], [247], [252], [254].
• Hephæstos, i. 10, 58.
• Hêræon near Mykênæ, i. 165.
• Hêræon Teichos, siege of, by Philip, xi. 307.
• Hêrakleia Pontica, i. 241; [xii. 460] seq.;
  • the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 146.
• Hêrakleia in Italy, iii. 384, vi. 14.
• Hêrakleia in Sicily, v. 207;
  • Dion at, xi. 89, 90 seq.
• Hêrakleia Trachinea, vi. 90 seq.; vii. 60, ix. 284, 302, xi. 90 seq.
• Hêrakleid kings of Corinth, ii. 307.
• Hêrakleides the Syracusan, exile of, xi. 86;
  • victory of, over Philistus, xi. 100;
  • and Dion, xi. 101, 105, 110, 112 seq., 121;
  • victory of, over Nypsius, xi. 107;
  • death of, xi. 122.
• Hêrakleides, governor of the Pontic Herakleia, [xii. 469], [470].
• Hêrakleids, i. 94, 95, ii. 1 seq.;
  • Lydian dynasty of, iii. 222.
• Hêraklês, i. 92 seq.;
  • attack of, on Pylos, i. 110;
  • and Alkêstis, i. 113;
  • overthrows Orchomenos, i. 133;
  • death of, i. 151;
  • and Hylas, i. 234;
  • and Laomedôn, i. 286;
  • Tyrian temple of, iii. 269.
• Hêraklês, son of Alexander, [xii. 372].
• Hêrê, i. 6, 7, 10, 58;
  • and Mykênæ, i. 165;
  • temple of, near Argos, burnt, vi. 451;
  • Lakinian, robe of, xi. 52.
• Herippidas, ix. 285, 326, 339.
• Hermæ, mutilation of, at Athens, vii. 167 seq., 199 seq.
• Hermeias of Atarneus, xi. 441.
• Hermes, i. 10, 58 seq.
• Hermionê, i. 163.
• Hermokratês, at the congress at Gela, vii. 137;
  • and the Athenian armament, vii. 182;
  • recommendations of, after the battle near Olympieion, vii. 227;
  • speech of at Kamarina, vii. 229;
  • urges the Syracusans to attack the Athenians at sea, vii. 290;
  • postpones the Athenians’ retreat from Syracuse, vii. 330;
  • and Tissaphernês, vii. 390; viii. 98;
  • in the Ægean, x. 385 seq.;
  • banishment of, x. 387 seq.;
  • his return to Sicily, and death, x. 415 seq.
• Hermokratean party, x. 432;
  • exiles, x. 438.
• Hermolaus, [xii. 221].
• Hermotybii and Kalasiries, iii. 316.
• Herodotus, on Minôs, i. 228, 229;
  • on Helen and the Trojans, i. 308;
  • treatment of mythes by, i. 393 seq.;
  • his view of Lykurgus, ii. 343;
  • his story of Solon and Crœsus, iii. 151 seq.;
  • chronological mistakes of, iii. 154 n., 198 n. 3;
  • chronological discrepancies of, respecting Kyaxarês, iii. 232 n.;
  • his description of Scythia, iii. 236 seq.;
  • his account of Babylon, iii. 295 seq., 297 n. 2;
  • distinction between what he professes to have seen and heard, iii. 309;
  • on the effects of despotism and democracy upon the Athenians, iv. 178;
  • and Ktêsias, on Cyrus, iv. 185;
  • chronology of his life and authorship, iv. 277 n., v. 49 n.;
  • his narrative of Darius’s march into Scythia, iv. 265 seq.;
  • does not mention Pythagoras in connection with the war between Sybaris and Kroton, iv. 416;
  • historical manner and conception of, v. 5, 11, n. 3;
  • his estimate of the number of Xerxes’s army, v. 36 seq.;
  • doubts about the motives ascribed to Xerxes at Thermopylæ by, v. 87;
  • a proof of the accuracy of, v. 89 n.;
  • on the movements of the Persian fleet before the battle of Salamis, v. 132 nn.
• Heroes appear with gods and men on mythes, i. 64;
  • Greek, at Aulis, i. 293 seq., 289;
  • Greek, analogy of Alexander to, [xii. 70].
• Heroic race, i. 66, legends, i. 424.
• Hesiod, theogony of, i. 3, 16, 20, 74;
  • family affairs of, i. 72;
  • Iapetids in, i. 73;
  • complaints of, against kings, ii. 73;
  • dark picture of Greece by, ii. 91.
• Hesiodic mythes traceable to Krête and Delphi, i. 15;
  • “Works and Days”, i. 66 seq.;
  • philosophy, i. 367;
  • Greeks, ii. 114 seq.;
  • epic, ii. 119.
• Hesionê, i. 286.
• Hesperides, dragon of, i. 7.
• Hesperides, town of, iv. 32 n. 2, 42.
• Hestia, i. 6, 7, 58.
• Hestiæa on Ilium, i. 329.
• Hetæræ, vi. 100.
• Hetæries, at Athens, vi. 290, viii. 15.
• Hexameter, the ancient, i. 73;
  • new metres superadded to, iv. 75.
• Hierax, ix. 373.
• Hiero of Syracuse, v. 227 seq.
• Hieromnêmôn, ii. 246.
• Hiketas, xi. 128;
  • and the Syracusans, xi. 134;
  • message of, to Corinth and to Timoleon, xi. 143, 144;
  • defeat of, at Adranum, xi. 148;
  • and Magon, xi. 156 seq., 159;
  • flight of, from Syracuse to Leontini, xi. 161;
  • capitulation of, with Timoleon, xi. 170;
  • invites the Carthaginians to invade Sicily, xi. 171;
  • defeat, surrender, and death of, xi. 181, 182.
• Himera, iii. 367;
  • battle of, v. 221 seq.;
  • treatment of, by Thêro, v. 228;
  • capture of, by Hannibal, x. 410 seq.;
  • defeat of Agathokles at the, [xii. 408] seq.
• Hindoos, rivers personified by, i. 342 n. 2;
  • their belief with regard to the small pox, i. 360 n.;
  • belief of, in fabulous stories, i. 430 n.;
  • expensiveness of marriage among, iii. 141 n. 2;
  • sentiment of, with regard to the discontinuance of sacrifices, [xii. 43 n. 1].
• Hindoo Koosh, Alexander at, [xii. 200];
  • Alexander reduces the country between the Indus and, [xii. 224] seq.
• Hindostan, hoarding in, [xii. 175 n. 3].
• Hipparchus, ii. 153 n., iv. 111 seq.
• Hipparinus, son of Dionysius, xi. 130.
• Hippeis, Solonian, iii. 118.
• Hippias, of Elis, viii. 380 seq.
• Hippias, Peisistratid, iv. 111 seq., 120 seq., 281, 356 n. 2.
• Hippo, iv. 385.
• Hippodameia, i. 159.
• Hippodamus, vi. 20.
• Hippokleidês, iii. 39.
• Hippokratês the physician, i. 373; viii. 426 n. 2.
• Hippokratês of Gela, v. 213 seq.
• Hippokratês, the Athenian general, vi. 370 seq., 379, 382 seq., 388.
• Hippon, xi. 184.
• Hipponikus, iii. 102.
• Hipponium, capture of, xi. 17;
  • re-establishment of, xi. 43.
• Hipponoidas, vii. 85, 89.
• Histiæus and the bridge over the Danube, iv. 272;
  • and Myrkinus, iv. 273, 277;
  • detention of, at Susa, iv. 277;
  • and the Ionic revolt, iv. 284, 299 seq., 309.
• Historians, treatment of mythes by, i. 391 seq.
• Historical proof, positive evidence indispensable to, i. 430;
  • sense of modern times not to be applied to an unrecording age, i. 432;
  • evidence, the standard of, raised with regard to England, but not with regard to Greece, i. 485;
  • and legendary Greece compared, ii. 60 seq.
• Historicizing innovations in the tale of Troy, i. 333;
  • of ancient mythes, i. 409 seq.;
  • applicable to all mythes, or none, i. 422.
• History, uninteresting to early Greeks, i. 359;
  • of England, how conceived down to the seventeenth century, i. 482 seq.;
  • and legend, Grecian, blank between, ii. 33 seq.;
  • Grecian first period of, from B. C. 776 to 560, ii. 270, 273;
  • Grecian, second period of, from B. C. 560 to 300, ii. 270 seq.;
  • religious conception of, common to Greeks and Persians, v. 10.
• Homer and Hesiod, mythology of, i. 12;
  • personality and poems of, ii. 127 seq.
• Homeric Zeus, i. 12;
  • hymns, i. 34, 37 seq., 45, 59, 60, iii. 168 seq.;
  • legend of the birth of Hêraklês, i. 93 seq.;
  • Pelops, i. 159;
  • gods, types of, i. 350;
  • age, mythical faith of, i. 359;
  • philosophy, i. 368;
  • account of the inhabitants of Peloponnesus, ii. 12;
  • Boulê and Agora, ii. 65 seq.;
  • Greeks, social condition of, ii. 97 seq., 107;
  • Greeks, unity, idea of, partially revived, ii. 162 seq.;
  • epoch, right conception of, ii. 174;
  • mode of fighting, ii. 457;
  • geography, iii. 204.
• Homêrids, the poetical gens of, ii. 132.
• Homicide, purification for, i. 25, 26;
  • mode of dealing with, in legendary and historical Greece, ii. 93 seq.;
  • tribunals for, at Athens, iii. 77;
  • Drake’s laws of, retained by Solon, iii. 134;
  • trial for and the senate of Areopagus, v. 368 n.
• Homoioi, Spartan, ii. 363, 418.
• Hoplêtes, iii. 51.
• Hôræ, the, i. 10.
• Horkos, i. 7, 8.
• Horse, the wooden, of Troy, i. 302, 309.
• Horsemen at Athens, after the restoration of the democracy, B. C. 403, viii. 305.
• Hospitality in legendary Greece, ii. 84.
• Human sacrifices in Greece, i. 126 seq.
• Hyakinthia and the Lacedæmonians, v. 153.
• Hyakinthus, i. 168.
• Hyblæan Megara, iii. 365.
• Hydarnês, v. 88.
• Hydaspes, Alexander at the, [xii. 227] seq.;
  • Alexander sails down the, [xii. 333].
• Hydra, the Lernæan, i. 7.
• Hydra, sailors of, v. 51 n. 2.
• Hykkara, capture of, vii. 216.
• Hylas and Hêraklês, i. 234.
• Hylleis, ii. 360.
• Hyllus, i. 94, 177.
• Hymns, Homeric, i. 34, 37 seq., 45, 59, 60, iii. 168 seq.;
  • at festival in honor of gods, i. 49.
• Hypaspistæ, [xii. 61].
• Hyperbolus, iv. 151, vii. 108 seq., viii. 27.
• Hyperides, xi. 509, [xii. 298 n. 1], [305 n.], [326], [327].
• Hyperiôn, i. 5, 6.
• Hypermênes, x. 146.
• Hypermnêstra, i. 88.
• Hyphasis, Alexander at, [xii. 231].
• Hypomeiones, Spartan, ii. 363, 418.
• Hyrkania, Alexander in, [xii. 166].

• I.
• Ialmenos and Askalaphos, i. 130.
• Iapetids in Hesiod, i. 74.
• Iapetos, i. 5, 6.
• Iapygians, iii. 392.
• Iasus, capture of, vii. 389.
• Iberia in Spain, iii. 275.
• Iberians and Dionysius, x. 510.
• Ida in Asia, iii. 195, 197.
• Ida in Crête, Zeus at, i. 6.
• Idanthyrsus, iv. 267.
• Idas, i. 169, 171.
• Idomenê, Demosthenês at, vi. 306 seq.
• Idrieus, xi. 437.
• Ikarus, i. 225.
• Iliad and the Trojan war, i. 297;
  • and Odyssey, date, structure, and authorship of, ii. 118-209.
• Ilium, i. 286, 334 seq.
• Illyria, Dionysius’s schemes of conquest in, xi. 24.
• Illyrians, different tribes of, iv. 1 seq.;
  • retreat of Perdikkas and Brasidas before, vi. 447 seq.;
  • victory of Philip over, xi. 214 seq.;
  • defeat of, by Alexander, [xii. 28] seq.
• Ilus, i. 285, 286.
• Imbros, iv. 28, 278 seq.
• Imilkon and Hannibal, invasion of Sicily by, x. 421 seq.;
  • at Agrigentum, x. 425 seq.;
  • at Gela, x. 447 seq.;
  • and Dionysius, x. 454 seq.;
  • at Motyê, x. 479, 490;
  • capture of Messênê by, 491 seq.;
  • and the Campanians of Ætna, x. 497;
  • before Syracuse, x. 498 seq.;
  • flight of, from Syracuse, x. 510;
  • miserable end of, x. 511.
• Inachus, i. 82.
• Indus, Alexander at, [xii. 225] seq., 233 seq.;
  • voyage of Nearchus from the mouth of, to that of the Tigris, [xii. 235], [237].
• Industry, manufacturing, at Athens, iii. 136 seq.
• Infantry and oligarchy, iii. 31.
• Inland and maritime cities contrasted, ii. 225.
• Inô, i. 123 seq.
• Inscriptions, ii. 41.
• Interest on loans, iii. 107 seq., 159.
• Interpreters, Egyptian, iii. 327.
• Io, legend of, i. 84 seq.
• Iôn, i. 198, 204.
• Iônia, emigrants to, ii. 24 seq.;
  • conquest of, by Harpagus, iv. 202;
  • Mardonius’s deposition of despots in, iv. 312;
  • expedition of Astyochus to, vii. 382;
  • expedition of Thrasyllus to, viii. 129.
• Ionian, the name a reproach, iii. 169.
• Ionians, ii. 12, 13;
  • and Darius’s bridge over the Danube, iv. 271 seq.;
  • abandonment of, by the Athenians, iv. 297;
  • at Ladê, iv. 301 seq.;
  • at Mykalê, v. 192 seq., 197;
  • after the battle of Mykalê, v. 199.
• Ionic emigration, ii. 21, 24 seq., iii. 172;
  • tribes in Attica, iii. 50, 52 seq.;
  • cities in Asia, iii. 172 seq., 260;
  • and Italic Greeks, iii. 398;
  • revolt, iv. 285 seq., 306 n. 2;
  • philosophers, iv. 378;
  • Sicilians and Athens, vii. 132;
  • alphabet and the Athenian laws, viii. 308.
• Iphigeneia, i. 293.
• Iphiklos, i. 110.
• Iphikrates, destruction of a Lacedæmonian mora by, ix. 327 n., 341 n., 348 seq.;
  • military improvements and successes of, ix. 335 seq., 353;
  • defeat of Anaxibius by, ix. 370 seq.;
  • proceedings of, between B. C. 387-378, x. 105 seq.;
  • and Kotys, x. 106, 299, 369, 374;
  • expedition of, to Korkyra, x. 149 seq., 154 n.;
  • and Timotheus, x. 149, 299, xi. 231 seq.;
  • expedition of, to aid Sparta against Thebes, x. 237 seq.;
  • in Thrace and Macedonia, x. 250 seq., 299;
  • in the Hellespont, xi. 224;
  • and Chares, xi. 224 seq.
• Iphikrates the Younger, [xii. 129].
• Ipsus, battle of, [xii. 387].
• Iran, territory of, iv. 184.
• Irasa, iv. 31.
• Iris, i. 7.
• Iron race, the, i. 66.
• Isagoras, iv. 126, 164 seq.
• Ischagoras, vi. 449.
• Ischolaus, x. 217.
• Ischys, i. 178.
• Isidas, x. 332.
• Islands in the Ægean, ii. 234.
• Ismenias in the north of Bœotia, ix. 301;
  • and Leontiades, x. 59;
  • trial and execution of, x. 63.
• Ismenias and Pelopidas, x. 277 seq., 283, 285.
• Isokratês, his treatment of mythes, i. 407 n. 2;
  • on the origin of Periœki, ii. 367;
  • panegyrical oration of, x. 44, 77;
  • the Plataic oration of, x. 163;
  • the Archidamus of, x. 228 n. 2, 229 n. 1, 291 n. 2;
  • his letter to Philip, xi. 282, 436.
• Issêdones, iii. 245.
• Issus, Alexander at, before the battle, [xii. 114];
  • Darius at, before the battle, [xii. 117];
  • battle of, [xii. 118] seq.;
  • inaction of Darius after the battle of, [xii. 152];
  • and its neighborhood, as connected with the battle, [xii. 491] seq.
• Isthmian games, i. 124, ii. 242, iv. 65 seq.;
  • Eleians excluded from, i. 140, ii. 306 n.;
  • B. C. 412, vii. 368;
  • and Agesilaus, ix. 344.
• Istônê, Korkyræan fugitives at, vi. 278, 313, 357 seq.
• Italia, iii. 350.
• Italian Greeks, iii. 369, 392, 394 seq., xi. 7 seq., 133, [xii. 394].
• Italians, iii. 369.
• Italy and Sicily, early languages and history of, iii. 354 n.
• Italy, the voyage from Greece to, iii. 361;
  • Grecian colonies in, iii. 354, 360, 374 seq.;
  • decline of Greek power in, after the fall of Sybaris, iv. 415;
  • Southern, affairs of, B. C. 382-369, xi. 43.
• Ithômê, ii. 422, v. 316.

• J.
• Jason, i. 114 seq., 237 seq.
• Jason of Pheræ, x. 137 seq., 147 n., 153, 189 seq., 195 seq.
• Jaxartes, Alexander at the, [xii. 204] seq.
• Jocasta, i. 266 seq.
• Jurkæ, iii. 245.
• Jury-trial, characteristics of, exhibited in the Athenian dikasteries, v. 385 seq.
• K.
• Kabala, victory of Dionysius at, xi. 41.
• Kabeirichus, x. 85.
• Kadmeia, at Thebes, seizure of, by Phœbidas, x. 58 seq.;
  • surrender of, by the Lacedæmonians, x. 88 seq.
• Kadmus, i. 257 seq.
• Kalais and Zêtês, i. 199.
• Kalasiries and Hermotybii, iii. 316.
• Kalauria, i. 56;
  • Amphiktyony at, i. 133;
  • the Athenian allied armament at, x. 148;
  • death of Demosthenes at, [xii. 327] seq.
• Kalchas, wanderings and death of, i. 313.
• Kalê Aktê, foundation of, vii. 125.
• Kallias, treaty of, v. 336 seq.
• Kallias, son of Kalliades, vi. 70, 72.
• Kallias at the congress at Sparta, B. C. 371, x. 165.
• Kallias of Chalkis, xi. 341 seq., 452.
• Kallibius, the Lacedæmonian, viii. 242; ix. 188.
• Kallibius of Tegea, x. 209.
• Kalliklês, in Plato, viii. 382 seq.
• Kallikratidas, viii. 160 seq., 263.
• Kallimachus, the polemarch, iv. 341, 348.
• Kallinus, iv. 73, 77.
• Kallipidæ, iii. 239.
• Kallippus, xi. 123 seq., 128 seq.
• Kallirrhoe, i. 7, 282.
• Kallisthenês, the historian, i. 410.
• Kallisthenes, the general, failure and condemnation of, x. 370, xi. 423.
• Kallisthenes of Olynthus, [xii. 213], 216 seq., [222] seq.
• Kallistô, i. 175.
• Kallistratus, x. 110, 164, seq., 172, 288, xi. 266.
• Kallixenus, viii. 194 seq., 203, 205.
• Kalpê, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 148 seq.
• Kalydônian boar, i. 143, 146 seq.
• Kamarina, iii. 366;
  • restoration of, to independence, v. 237;
  • and the Athenians, vii. 194;
  • Athenian and Syracusan envoys at, vii. 229 seq.;
  • neutral policy of, B. C. 415, vii. 233;
  • evacuation of, x. 450;
  • and Timoleon, xi. 187.
• Kambyses, iv. 47, 218 seq.
• Kandaulês, iii. 220.
• Kannônus, psephism of, viii. 197 n.
• Kanôpic branch of the Nile., opening of, to Greek traffic, iii. 327.
• Kapaneus. i. 273, 278.
• Kappadokia subdued by Alexander, [xii. 111].
• Kardia, Athenian fleet at, viii. 120;
  • alliance of, with Philip, xi. 451;
  • Eumenes of, [xii. 74].
• Karduchians, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 95 seq.
• Karia, resistance of, to Daurisês, iv. 294.
• Karmania, Alexander’s bacchanalian procession through, [xii. 237].
• Karneian festival, ii. 306 n., v. 78.
• Karneius Apollo, i. 49.
• Karnus, ii. 3.
• Karpathus, ii. 31.
• Karystus, iv. 331, v. 303.
• Kassander, Alexander’s treatment of, [xii. 254];
  • schemes of, on Antipater’s death, [xii. 339];
  • and Polysperchon, war between, [xii. 360];
  • gets possession of Athens, [xii. 361];
  • in Peloponnesus, [xii. 365];
  • defeat of Olympias by, [xii. 366];
  • confederacy of, with Lysimachus, Ptolemy, and Seleukus against Antigonus, [xii. 367], [372], [382], [387];
  • founds Kassandreia and restores Thebes, [xii. 368];
  • and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, [xii. 368], [369];
  • and the Ætolians, [xii. 370];
  • measures of Antigonus against, [xii. 369], [370];
  • great power of, in Greece, [xii. 371];
  • Ptolemy, and Lysimachus, pacification of, with Antigonus, [xii. 371];
  • compact of Polysperchon with, [xii. 372], [381];
  • Ptolemy makes a truce with, [xii. 373];
  • success of Demetrius Poliorketes in Greece against, [xii. 382];
  • truce of, with Demetrius Poliorketes, [xii. 387];
  • death of, [xii. 389].
• Kassandra. i. 287.
• Kastôr and Pollux, i. 169 seq.
• Katabothra, ii. 218.
• Katana, iii. 364;
  • and Ætna, v. 236;
  • Alkibiadês at, vii. 194;
  • Nikias at, vii. 234;
  • conquest of, by Dionysius, x. 468;
  • Carthaginian naval victory near, x. 495;
  • Hiketas and Magon at, xi. 156.
• Katônakophori, iii. 35.
• Katreus and Althæmenês, i. 224.
• Kaulonia, iii. 384, xi. 14, 17;
  • Dikon of, xi. 28.
• Kaunus, Antisthenês at, vii. 397.
• Käystru-Pedion, march of Cyrus from Keramôn-Agora to, ix. 17 n. 2.
• Kebalinus, [xii. 191], [194].
• Kekrops, i. 195 seq.;
  • the second, i. 204.
• Kelænæ, Alexander at, [xii. 101].
• Keleos, i. 38 seq., 196.
• Keleustes, vi. 200 n.
• Kenchreæ, Peloponnesian fleet at, vii. 382.
• Kentrites, the Ten Thousand Greeks at the, ix. 99 seq.
• Kephallênia, iii. 410, vi. 135, 141.
• Kephalus, i. 195 n. 4, 198;
  • and Dionysius at Syracuse, xi. 167.
• Kephisodotus, x. 374, 377.
• Kerasus, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 127.
• Kersobleptes, x. 366;
  • and Charidemus, x. 366, 378, 379;
  • intrigue of, against Athens, xi. 258;
  • and the peace and alliance between Athens and Philip, xi. 396 seq.;
  • defeat of, by Philip, xi. 443.
• Kertch, tumuli near, [xii. 487] seq.
• Ketô, i. 7.
• Keyx and Alcyone, i. 135.
• Kilikia, Alexander in, [xii. 113], [114];
  • Darius in, [xii. 116].
• Kimon and Themistoklês, v. 278, 280;
  • capture of Skyros by, v. 304, 304 n. 2.;
  • victories of, at the Eurymedon, v. 308;
  • trial and acquittal of, v. 312, 365;
  • and the Spartan application for aid against the Helots, v. 318, 365;
  • recall of, from ostracism, v. 329;
  • death of, v. 335, 340;
  • political party of, v. 361;
  • and Periklês, v. 329, 362 seq., 371;
  • character of, v. 364;
  • ostracism of, v. 366.
• Kimonian treaty, the so-called, v. 337 seq.
• Kinadon, conspiracy and character of, ix. 251 seq.
• King, the, in legendary Greece, ii. 61 seq., 74 seq.;
  • the, in historical Greece, ii. 76;
  • English theory of a, iii. 13.
• Kings, Egyptian, iii. 321, 330 n. 2.
• Kingship, discontinuance of, in Greece generally, ii. 76, iii. 8;
  • in mediæval and modern Europe, iii. 8 seq.
• Kinyps and Dorieus, iv. 36.
• Kirrha, iv. 60 n., 61 seq., xi. 468 seq., 474.
• Kirrhæans, punishment of, iv. 62 seq.
• Kissidas, x. 265.
• Klarus, temple of Apollo at, iii. 185.
• Klazomenæ, iii. 188, vii. 372, 384, 391.
• Kleander of Gela, v. 207.
• Kleander the Lacedæmonian, ix. 149 seq., 152, 154, 165, [xii. 197].
• Kleandridas, vi. 14.
• Kleandridês, v. 349.
• Klearchus the Lacedæmonian, at the Hellespont, viii. 96;
  • at Byzantium, viii. 128;
  • and Cyrus the Younger, ix. 8, 22 seq.;
  • and Menon’s soldiers, ix. 35;
  • and Ariæus, ix. 52;
  • and Tissaphernes, ix. 63, 70 seq.
• Klearchus of the Pontic Herakleia, [xii. 461] seq.
• Klearidas, vi. 450, 470, 472, vii. 3.
• Kleinas, iii. 102.
• Kleisthenês of Sikyôn, i. 279, ii. 129, iii. 32 seq.
• Kleisthenês the Athenian, revolution in Attic tribes by, iii. 63, 67;
  • and the oracle at Delphi, iv. 121;
  • retirement and recall of, iv. 164, 165;
  • development of Athenian energy after, iv. 176;
  • changes in the constitution of, after the Persian war, v. 275.
• Kleïppidês, vi. 224 seq.
• Kleitarchus, xi. 450, 452.
• Kleitus the Illyrian, [xii. 28] seq.
• Kleitus, Alexander’s general, [xii. 85], [208] seq.
• Kleobulê, mother of Demosthenes, xi. 263.
• Kleobûlus and Xenarês, vii. 24 seq.
• Kleokritus, viii. 270.
• Kleombrotus, x. 94 seq., 129, 136, 176 seq., 180 seq.
• Kleomenês I., his expeditions to Athens, iv. 122, 164 seq.;
  • and Aristagoras, iv. 287;
  • defeat of Argeians by, iv. 320 seq.;
  • return of, without attacking Argos, iv. 321;
  • trial of, iv. 323;
  • and the Æginetans, iv. 325, 328;
  • and Demaratus, iv. 325 seq.;
  • violent proceedings and death of, v. 45.
• Kleomenês III., ii. 349, 350.
• Kleomenês, Alexander’s satrap, [xii. 241], [253], [253 n. 1].
• Kleon the Athenian, first mention of, by Thucydidês, vi. 244;
  • policy and character of, vi. 246, 480 seq.;
  • and Mitylênê, vi. 249 seq.;
  • political function of, vi. 290, 292;
  • and the prisoners in Sphakteria, vi. 329 seq.;
  • expedition of, to Pylus, vi. 336 seq.;
  • warlike influence of, vi. 355, 457 seq.;
  • at Amphipolis, vi. 462 seq., 467 seq.;
  • capture of Torônê by, vi. 463;
  • at Eion, vi. 463;
  • Thucydidês’s treatment of, vi. 479, 483 seq.;
  • and Aristophanês, vi. 481 seq., 485.
• Kleon, of Halikarnassus, ix. 237, 300.
• Kleônæ and Argos, ii. 464, iv. 65 n. 2.
• Kleonikê and Pausanias, v. 255.
• Kleonymus, [xii. 448], [449].
• Kleopatra, wife of Philip, xi. 513 seq., 518 n. 2, [xii. 4] seq., [8].
• Kleopatra, daughter of Philip, xi. 514, [xii. 321], [372].
• Kleophon, viii. 123.
• Kleopus, iii. 228.
• Kleruchies, Athenian, revival of B. C. 365, vi. 31 n., x. 296 seq.
• Kleruchs, Athenian, in Chalkis, iv. 170;
  • in Lesbos, vi. 257;
  • after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 223.
• Klonas, musical improvements of, iv. 75.
• Klothô, i. 7.
• Klymenê, i. 6.
• Klytæmnêstra, i. 162, 168.
• Knêmus, vi. 193 seq., 202, 213.
• Knidus, settlement of, ii. 31;
  • maritime contests near, B. C. 412 vii. 394;
  • Antisthenês and Astyochus at, vii. 397;
  • the battle of, ix. 283;
  • and Agesilaus, ix. 312;
  • reverses of Sparta after the battle of, 317.
• Knights at Athens, viii. 305, ix. 183.
• Knôpus, iii. 187.
• Kodrids, i. 112.
• Kodrus, ii. 24;
  • archons after, iii. 48.
• Kœnus, [xii. 194], [195], [232].
• Kœos, i. 5, 7.
• Kœratadus, viii. 134, iv. 160, 163.
• Kôês, iv. 270, 273, 285.
• Kokalus, i. 225 seq.
• Kôlæus, his voyage to Tartêssus, iii. 279.
• Kôlakretæ, iv. 137.
• Kolchians and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 112, 126.
• Kolchis, and the Argonautic expedition, i. 241, 255.
• Kolônus, Athenian assembly at, viii. 35.
• Kolophôn, iii. 184 seq.
• Konipodes, iii. 35.
• Konon at Naupaktus, vii. 358;
  • at Andros, viii. 151;
  • appointment of, to succeed Alkibiadês, viii. 159;
  • at Samos, 160;
  • at Mitylênê, viii. 166 seq.;
  • escape of, from Ægospotami, viii. 219;
  • renewed activity of, ix. 255, 269;
  • at Rhodes, ix. 270;
  • visit of, to the Persian court, ix. 280 seq.;
  • and Pharnabazus, ix. 281, 318, 321 seq.;
  • rebuilds the Long Walls of Athens, ix. 322;
  • large plans of, ix. 325;
  • sent as envoy to Tiribazus, ix. 359;
  • arrest of, ix. 361;
  • long absence of, from Athens, x. 108 n. 2.
• Kopaïs, lake of, i. 132.
• Korkyra and the Argonauts, i. 243;
  • early inhabitants of, iii. 402;
  • relations of, with Corinth, iii. 403 seq.;
  • relations of, with Epirus, iii. 405;
  • and Corinth, joint settlements of, iii. 405 seq.;
  • commerce of, iii. 409;
  • and Corinth, disputes between, vi. 51 seq.;
  • application of the Epidamnian democracy to, vi. 52;
  • and Corinth, hostilities between, vi. 55, 63 seq.;
  • and Corinth, decision of the Athenians between, vi. 62;
  • oligarchical violence at, vi. 270 seq.;
  • vengeance of the victorious Demos at, B. C. 427, vi. 275 seq.;
  • Nikostratus and Alkidas at, vi. 282;
  • revolutions at, contrasted with those at Athens, vi. 283;
  • distress at, B. C. 425, vi. 313;
  • expedition of Eurymedon and Sophoklês to, vi. 313 seq., 357 seq.;
  • muster of the Athenian armament at, vii. 180;
  • Demosthenês’s voyage from, to Sicily, vii. 301;
  • renewed troubles at, viii. 118;
  • Lacedæmonian expedition against, x. 142 seq.;
  • expedition of Iphikrates to, x. 149 seq.;
  • Kleonymus and Agathokles in, [xii. 449].
• Korkyræan envoys, speech of, to the Athenian assembly, vi. 58 seq.;
  • captives return home from Corinth, vi. 266 seq.;
  • oligarchical fugitives at Istônê, vi. 278, 313, 357.
• Korkyræans, and Xerxes’s invasion, v. 66;
  • attack Epidamnus, vi. 53;
  • remonstrate with the Corinthians and Peloponnesians, vi. 54;
  • seek the alliance of Athens, vi. 56 seq.
• Korôbius and the foundation of Kyrênê, iv. 30.
• Korôneia, Athenian defeat at, v. 348;
  • Theban victory at, ix. 312 seq., 317.
• Korônis and Asklêpius, i. 178.
• Korynephori, iii. 35.
• Kôs, settlement of, ii. 30;
  • capture of, by Astyochus, vii. 397;
  • revolt of, from Athens, xi. 220 seq., 231.
• Kossæi, [xii. 248].
• Kottas, i. 5.
• Kottyphus, xi. 475, 479, 480.
• Kotyôra, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 126 seq.
• Kotys and Iphikrates, x. 106, 299, 369, 373;
  • and Athens, x. 228 seq., 372, 373;
  • and Timotheus, x. 301, 368;
  • and Miltokythes, x. 372;
  • capture of Sestos by, x. 373;
  • assassination of, x. 375.
• Kranaus, i. 196.
• Krannon, battle of, [xii. 321].
• Kraterus and Philôtas, [xii. 192] seq.;
  • and Antipater, [xii. 320] seq., [335];
  • death of, [xii. 336].
• Kratês, comedy of, viii. 328.
• Kratesippidas, viii. 128, 138.
• Kratinus, viii. 327, 332 n.
• Kreôn, king of Thêbes, i. 117, 276.
• Kreôn, archon at Athens, iii. 48.
• Kresphontês, ii. 2 seq., 331 n.
• Krêtan settlements on the Gulf of Tarentum, i. 330;
  • and Phrygian worship, iii. 215.
• Krêtans and Minôs, i. 229;
  • in the time of Homer, ii. 102;
  • and Xerxes, v. 66.
• Krête, migrations of Dorians to, ii. 30;
  • early Dorians in, ii. 310;
  • Periœki in, ii. 364 n. 3;
  • Phalækus in, xi. 433.
• Krêthêis and Pêleus, i. 114.
• Krêtheus, descendants of, i. 113.
• Kreüsa, i. 198, 204.
• Krimêsus, Timoleon’s victory over the Carthaginians at the, xi. 174 seq.
• Krios, i. 5, 6.
• Krissa, iv. 59 seq.
• Kritias and Sokratês, vii. 36 seq.;
  • return of, to Athens, viii. 233 seq.;
  • and Theramenês, viii. 237 seq., 245 seq.;
  • death of, viii. 290.
• Krius, iv. 325, 328.
• Krommyon, capture of, ix. 335;
  • recovery of, ix. 353.
• Kromnus, capture of Lacedæmonians at, x. 316 seq.
• Kronium, Dionysius at, xi. 41.
• Kronos, i. 5 seq., 8.
• Krotôn, foundation, territory, and colonies of, iii. 376 seq.;
  • fall of, iii. 392;
  • maximum power of, iii. 394;
  • citizens and government of, iii. 399;
  • and Pythagoras, iv. 401 seq.;
  • and Sybaris, iv. 413 seq.;
  • capture of, by Dionysius, xi. 22;
  • expedition from Syracuse to, [xii. 397].
• Krypteia, ii. 378.
• Kteatos and Eurytos, i. 141.
• Ktêsias and Herodotus on Cyrus, iv. 185;
  • on Darius, iv. 264.
• Ktesiphon, xi. 371, [xii. 286] seq.
• Kunaxa, battle of, ix. 42 seq.
• Kurêtes, ceremonies of, i. 31.
• Kyaxarês, iii. 231, 254.
• Kydonta, vi. 203.
• Kyknus, i. 294.
• Kylôn the Athenian, attempted usurpation of, iii. 81 seq.
• Kylôn of Krotôn, iv. 409.
• Kyllyrii at Syracuse, v. 206.
• Kymæans and Pactyas, iv. 201.
• Kymê, iii. 190;
  • Alkibiadês at, viii. 153.
• Kynegeirus, iv. 350.
• Kynossêma, battle of, viii. 109 seq.
• Kynurians, ii. 303;
  • in Argolis, ii. 451.
• Kypselus, iii. 40;
  • fall of the dynasty of, iii. 43.
• Kyrênê, foundation of, iv. 29 seq.;
  • situation, fertility and prosperity of, iv. 31 seq.;
  • and the Libyans, iv. 35 seq., 42 seq.;
  • second migration of Greeks to, iv. 41;
  • and Egypt, iv. 42;
  • reform of, by Demônax, iv. 43;
  • Periœki at, iv. 45;
  • third immigration to, iv. 46;
  • submission of, to Kambysês, iv. 220;
  • history of, from about B. C. 450 to 306, [xii. 428] seq.;
  • Ophellas, viceroy of, [xii. 431] seq.
• Kythera, capture of, by the Athenians, vi. 365 seq.
• Kytinium, occupation of, by Philip, xi. 498.
• Kyzikus and the Argonauts, i. 234;
  • revolt of, from Athens, viii. 112;
  • siege of, by Mindarus, viii. 120;
  • battle of, viii. 121.

• L.
• Labdalum, vii. 248, 269.
• Lacedæmonian envoys to Persia, B. C. 430, vi. 181;
  • embassy to Athens about the prisoners in Sphakteria, vi. 325 seq.;
  • reinforcement to Brasidas in Chalkidikê, vi. 449;
  • envoys at the congress at Corinth, B. C. 421, vii. 15;
  • envoys at Athens, about Panaktum and Pylus, vii. 29;
  • embassy to Athens, against the alliance of Athens with Argos, vii. 44 seq.;
  • army, vii. 79, 81 n. 2;
  • assembly, speech of Alkibiadês in, vii. 237 seq.;
  • fleet under Agesandridas, viii. 66, 71;
  • fleet victory of, near Eretria, viii. 72 seq.;
  • mora, destruction of a, by Iphikrates, ix. 350 seq.;
  • auxiliaries to the Phokians at Thermopylæ, xi. 419, 421.
• Lacedæmonians and Cyrus the Great, iv. 199;
  • attack of, upon Polykratês, iv. 243;
  • and Themistoklês, v. 149, 278, 280;
  • and Mardonius’s offer of peace to the Athenians, v. 151 seq.;
  • invoke the aid of their allies against the Helots, v. 316;
  • dismiss their Athenian auxiliaries against the Helots, v. 317 seq.;
  • expedition of, into Bœotia, B. C. 458, v. 327 seq.;
  • victory of, at Tanagra, v. 328;
  • proceedings of, on Phormio’s victory over the Peloponnesian fleet near Rhium, vi. 202;
  • proceedings of, for the recovery of Pylus, vi. 319, 320 seq.;
  • occupation of Sphakteria by, vi. 320, 347;
  • blockade of, in Sphakteria, vi. 324 seq., 333 seq., 342 seq.;
  • offers of peace from, after the capture of Sphakteria, vi. 353;
  • assassination of Helots by, vi. 368 seq.;
  • and the Peace of Nikias, vii. 3;
  • liberate the Arcadian subjects of Mantinea, and plant Helots at Lepreum, vii. 21;
  • exclusion of, from the Olympic festival, vii. 57 seq.;
  • detachment of, to reinforce Epidaurus, B. C. 419, vii. 70;
  • and their allies, invasions of Argos by, vii. 71 seq., 102;
  • Gylippus sent to Syracuse by, vii. 242;
  • fortification of Dekeleia by, vii. 288, 354;
  • and the Four Hundred, viii. 65;
  • recapture of Pylus by, viii. 131;
  • defeat of, at Arginusæ, viii. 173 seq.;
  • repayment of, by the Athenians, after the restoration of the democracy, B. C. 403, viii. 305;
  • assassination of Alkibiadês demanded by, viii. 313;
  • the Cyreians under, ix. 170, 174, 208, 217, 318;
  • and Dorieus, ix. 271 seq.;
  • and Corinthians, conflicts between, B. C. 393, ix. 326 seq.;
  • victory of, within the Long Walls of Corinth, ix. 333 seq.;
  • and the Olynthian confederacy, x. 56;
  • seizure of the Kadmeia at Thebes by, x. 60 seq.;
  • trial and execution of Ismenias by, x. 64;
  • their surrender of the Kadmeia at Thebes, x. 88 seq.;
  • defeat of, at Tegyra, x. 134;
  • expulsion of, from Bœotia, B. C. 374, x. 135;
  • at Kromnus, x. 316 seq.;
  • at Mantinea, B. C. 362, x. 329, 335, 338, 340 seq.;
  • and Alexander, [xii. 13].
• Lachês, expedition to Sicily under, vii. 132.
• Lachesis, i. 7.
• Laconia, genealogy of, i. 168;
  • population of, ii. 362;
  • gradual conquest of, ii. 417;
  • modern, ii. 418 n. 3, 454 n.;
  • invasions of, by Epaminondas, x. 215 seq., 330 seq.;
  • western, abstraction of, from Sparta, x. 226 seq.
• Ladê, combined Ionic fleet at, iv. 300 seq.;
  • victory of Persian fleet at, iv. 304.
• Laius and Œdipus, i. 265.
• Lakes and marshes of Greece, ii. 219.
• Lamachus, vii. 148, 190 seq., 256.
• Lamia, Antipater at, [xii. 315] seq.
• Lamian war, [xii. 315] seq., [334].
• Lampsakus, revolt of, viii. 94;
  • recovery of, by Strombichidês, viii. 96.
• Language, Greek, dialects of, ii. 239.
• Lanikê, [xii. 208].
• Laocoôn, i. 303.
• Laomedôn, i. 57, 285.
• Laphystios, Zeus, i. 127.
• Laphystius and Timoleon, xi. 192.
• Larissa, Asiatic, iii. 191 n. 1, 192.
• Lash, use of, by Xerxes, v. 24, 31.
• Lasthenes and Euthykrates, xi. 351, 352.
• Latin, Oscan, and Greek languages, iii. 354.
• Latium, emigration from Arcadia to, iii. 351 n. 3;
  • plunder of, by Dionysius, xi. 25.
• Latins, Œnotrians and Epirots, relationship of, iii. 351.
• Latona and Zeus, offspring of, i. 10.
• Laurium, mines of, v. 55 seq.
• Laws, authority of, in historical Athens, ii. 81;
  • of Solon, iii. 131 seq.;
  • of Zaleukus, iii. 382;
  • and psephisms, distinction between, v. 373;
  • enactment and repeal of, at Athens, v. 373 seq.
• Layard’s “Nineveh and its Remains”, iii. 305.
• Learchus and Eryxô, iv. 43.
• Lebedos, revolt of, from Athens, vii. 383.
• Lechæum, capture of, by the Lacedæmonians, ix. 345 n. 1, 348.
• Leda, and Tyndareus, i. 168 seq.
• Legend of Dêmêtêr, i. 39 seq.;
  • of the Delphian oracle, i. 45;
  • of Pandôra, i. 75 n. 4, 76;
  • of Io, i. 84 seq.;
  • of Hêraklês, i. 93 seq.;
  • Argonatic, i. 234 n. 3, 245 seq., 255 seq.;
  • of Troy, i. 289 seq.;
  • of the Minyæ from Lemnos, ii. 27;
  • and history, Grecian, blank between, ii. 31 seq.
• Legendary Greece, social state of, ii. 57-118;
  • poems of Greece, value of, ii. 55 seq.
• Legends, mystic, i. 32 seq.;
  • of Apollo, i. 45 seq.;
  • of Greece, originally isolated, afterwards thrown into series, i. 105;
  • of Mêdea and Jasôn, i. 118 n.;
  • change of feeling with regard to, i. 186;
  • Attic, i. 191;
  • ancient, deeply rooted in the faith of the Greeks, i. 217, 348;
  • of Thebes, i. 256 seq.;
  • divine, allegorized, heroic historicized, i. 424;
  • of saints, i. 469 seq.;
  • of Asia Minor, iii. 227.
• Lekythus, capture of, by Brasidas, vi. 425.
• Leleges, ii. 264.
• Lelex, i. 172.
• Lemnos and the Argonauts, i. 233;
  • early condition of, iv. 28;
  • conquest of, by Otanês, iv. 278;
  • Miltiadês at, iv. 279 seq.
• Lending houses, iii. 162.
• Leokrates, xi. 504.
• Leon and Diomedon, vii. 385 seq.; viii. 28.
• Leon the Spartan, viii. 20, 94.
• Leon, mission of, to Persia, x. 278, 280.
• Leonidas at Thermopylæ, v. 76 seq., 89 seq.
• Leonnatus, [xii. 317], [321].
• Leontiades, the oligarchy under, x. 29 n.;
  • conspiracy of, x. 58 seq.;
  • at Sparta, x. 62;
  • Thebes under, x. 79, 80;
  • conspiracy against, x. 81 seq.;
  • death of, x. 86.
• Leontini, iii. 364;
  • intestine dissention at, vii. 140;
  • Demos at, apply to Athens, vii. 142, 143;
  • Dionysius at, B. C. 396, x. 442, 468, 492;
  • the mercenaries of Dionysius at, xi. 2;
  • Philistus at, xi. 99;
  • Dion at, xi. 106, 108, 109;
  • Hiketas at, xi. 160, 170;
  • surrender of, to Timoleon, xi. 182.
• Leosthenes the admiral, x. 370.
• Leosthenes the general, [xii. 311], [313] seq.
• Leotychides the Prokleid, ii. 430;
  • chosen king of Sparta, iv. 326;
  • and Æginetan hostages, iv. 328, v. 46;
  • at Mykalê, v. 193;
  • banishment of, v. 259.
• Leotychides, son of Agis II., ix. 242, 244.
• Lepreum and Elis, ii. 440, vii. 18;
  • Brasidean Helots at, vii. 21.
• Leptines, brother of Dionysius, x. 489, 491, 495, xi. 13, 33, 42.
• Leptines the Athenian, xi. 272.
• Leptines, general of Agathokles, [xii. 434], [441].
• Lesbians, their application to Sparta, vi. 76.
• Lesbos, early history of, iii. 193 seq.;
  • autonomous ally of Athens, vi. 2;
  • Athenian kleruchs in, vi. 257;
  • application from, to Agis, vii. 365;
  • expedition of the Chians against, vii. 382 seq.;
  • Thrasyllus at, viii. 102;
  • Kallikratidas in, viii. 166;
  • Thrasybulus in, ix. 166;
  • Memnon in, [xii. 105];
  • recovery of, by Macedonian admirals, [xii. 141].
• Lethe, i. 7.
• Letô, i. 6, 10.
• Leukas, iii. 404 seq.
• Leukon of Bosporus, [xii. 481].
• Leukothea, the temple of, i. 242.
• Leuktra, the battle of, x. 176 seq.;
  • treatment of Spartans defeated at, x. 192 seq.;
  • extension of Theban power after the battle of, x. 193;
  • proceedings in Peloponnesus after the battle of, x. 198, 242;
  • position of Sparta after the battle of, x. 201;
  • proceedings in Arcadia after the battle of, x. 204 seq.;
  • proceedings and views of Epaminondas after the battle of, x. 213 seq.
• Libya, first voyages of Greeks to, iv. 29;
  • nomads of, iv. 38 seq.;
  • expedition of Kambyses against, iv. 220.
• Libyans and Greeks at Kyrênê, iv. 39 seq.;
  • and Dionysius, x. 510.
• Liby-Phœnicians, x. 332.
• Lichas and bones of Orestes, ii. 447;
  • and the Olympic festival, iv. 72 n. 2, vii. 53 n., 59;
  • mission of to Milêtus, vii. 397, 398, viii. 98.
• Lilybæum, defeat of Dionysius near, xi. 45.
• Limos, i. 7, 10, n. 6.
• Lion, the Nemean, i. 7.
• Lissus, foundation of, xi. 24.
• Livy, his opinion as to the chances of Alexander, if he had attacked the Romans, [xii. 260];
  • on the character of Alexander, [xii. 265 n. 3].
• Lixus and Tingis, iii. 273 n. 1.
• Loans on interest, iii. 109, 159.
• Localities, epical, i. 245.
• Lochages, Spartan, ii. 459.
• Lochus, Spartan, ii. 458 seq.;
  • Macedonian, [xii. 60].
• Logographers and ancient mythes, i. 377, 390 seq.
• Lokri, Epizephrian, early history of, iii. 379 seq.;
  • and Dionysius, x. 476, xi. 17, 21, 23;
  • Dionysius the Younger at, xi. 105, 132 seq.
• Lokrian coast opposite Eubœa, Athenian ravage of, vi. 136.
• Lokrians, ii. 287;
  • Ozolian, ii. 290;
  • Italian, iii. 380 seq., iv. 172 n.;
  • of Opus and Leonidas, v. 76;
  • and Phokians, xi. 251, 253;
  • of Amphissa, xi. 469.
• Lokris and Athens, v. 331.
• Long Walls at Megara, v. 324;
  • at Athens, v. 325 seq., 327, 331, vi. 20, viii. 231, ix. 328 seq.;
  • at Corinth, ix. 340 seq.
• Lucanians, xi. 9 seq., 132.
• Lucretius and ancient mythes, i. 430 n.
• Lydia, early history of, iii. 220 seq.
• Lydian music and instruments, iii. 212, 219;
  • monarchy, iii. 262, iv. 191 seq.
• Lydians, iii. 215 seq., 219, iv. 198.
• Lykæus, Zeus, i. 174.
• Lykambes and Archilochus, iv. 81.
• Lykaôn and his fifty sons, i. 173 seq.
• Lykia, conquest of, by Alexander, [xii. 99].
• Lykidas, the Athenian senator, v. 155.
• Lykomedes, x. 259 seq., 281, 288.
• Lykophrôn, son of Periander, iii. 42.
• Lykophrôn, despot of Pheræ, xi. 261, 292, 294.
• Lykurgus the Spartan, laws and discipline of, ii. 337-349, 381-421.
• Lykurgus the Athenian, [xii. 278], [378].
• Lykus, i. 204; and Dirkê, i. 263.
• Lynkeus and Idas, i. 172.
• Lyre, Hermes the inventor of, i. 59.
• Lyric poetry, Greek, ii. 136, iv. 73, 93.
• Lysander, appointments of, as admiral, viii. 138 n., 212;
  • character and influence of, viii. 139, ix. 309;
  • and Cyrus the Younger, viii. 140 seq., 214, 215;
  • factions organized by, in the Asiatic cities, viii. 143;
  • at Ephesus, viii. 152, 212;
  • victory of, at Notium, viii. 153;
  • superseded by Kallikratidas, viii. 162;
  • revolution at Milêtus by the partisans of, viii. 213;
  • operations of, after the battle of Arginusæ, viii. 215 seq.;
  • victory of, at Ægospotami, viii. 217 seq.;
  • proceedings of, after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 222;
  • at Athens, viii. 226 seq., 237;
  • conquest of Samos by, viii. 238;
  • triumphant return of, to Sparta, viii. 238;
  • ascendency and arrogance of, after the capture of Athens, viii. 261, ix. 204, 236 seq.;
  • opposition to, at Sparta, viii. 262, ix. 204;
  • contrasted with Kallikratidas, viii. 263;
  • expedition of, against Thrasybulus, viii. 274;
  • dekarchies established by, ix. 184 seq., 197;
  • contrasted with Brasidas, ix. 195;
  • recall and temporary expatriation of, ix. 205;
  • introduction of gold and silver to Sparta by, ix. 230 seq.;
  • intrigues of, to make himself king, ix. 237, 239 seq., 300;
  • and Agesilaus, ix. 242 seq., 257, 260 seq.;
  • and the Bœotian war, ix. 292, 295;
  • death of, ix. 296.
• Lysias, seizure of, by the Thirty at Athens, viii. 248;
  • speech of, against Phormisius’s disfranchising proposition, viii. 294;
  • proposed citizenship of, viii. 309;
  • oration of, against Ergoklês, ix. 367;
  • oration of, at Olympia, B. C. 384, x. 73 seq.;
  • panegyrical oration of, xi. 29 seq., 35 n.
• Lysikles, vi. 232.
• Lysikles, general at Chæoroneia, xi. 502.
• Lysimachus, confederacy of, with Kassander, Ptolemy, and Seleukus, against Antigonus, [xii. 367], [372], [383];
  • Kassander, Ptolemy, and Seleukus, pacification of, with Antigonus, [xii. 371];
  • and Amastris, [xii. 468];
  • and Arsinoê, [xii. 469] seq.;
  • death of, [xii. 470];
  • and the Pentapolis on the south-west coast of the Euxine, [xii. 472].

• M.
• Macedonia, Mardonius in, iv. 313;
  • Perdikkas and Brasidas in, vi. 449, 453 seq.;
  • increasing power of, from B. C. 414, x. 44;
  • and Athens, contrasted, x. 47;
  • kings of, after Archelaus, x. 48;
  • state of, B. C. 370, x. 248, 249;
  • Iphikrates in, x. 250 seq.;
  • Timotheus in, x. 300;
  • government of, xi. 210 seq.;
  • military condition of, under Philip, xi. 282 seq., [xii. 55] seq.;
  • and conquered Greece, [xii. 1], [52];
  • and the Greeks, on Alexander’s accession, [xii. 9];
  • Antipater, viceroy of, [xii. 67], [68];
  • and Sparta, war between, [xii. 281] seq.;
  • Grecian confederacy against, after Alexander’s death, [xii. 313] seq.;
  • Kassander in, [xii. 366];
  • Demetrius Poliorketes acquires the crown of, [xii. 389].
• Macedonian dynasty, iv. 12, 13;
  • envoys at Athens, xi. 387, 390, 398;
  • phalanx, xi. 501, [xii. 59] seq., [251];
  • interventions in Greece, B. C. 336-335, [xii. 16] seq.;
  • pike, [xii. 57], [101] seq.;
  • troops, [xii. 61] seq.;
  • officers of Alexander’s army in Asia, [xii. 72];
  • fleet, master of the Ægean, [xii. 141];
  • soldiers of Alexander, mutiny of, [xii. 242] seq.
• Macedonians, ii. 233, iv. 1 n., 8 seq.;
  • conquered by Megabazus, iv. 276;
  • poverty and rudeness of, xi. 283;
  • military aptitude of, [xii. 67];
  • small loss of, at the battle of the Granikus, [xii. 86].
• Machaôn and Podaleirius, i. 180.
• Mæandrius, iv. 245 seq.
• Mæonians and Lydians, iii. 219.
• Magians, massacre of, after the assassination of Smerdis, iv. 225.
• Magistrates of early Athens, v. 352 seq.;
  • Athenian, from the time of Periklês, v. 355, 357, 366 seq.
• Magna Græcia, iii. 399.
• Magnesia, iii. 179, 192; Xerxes’s fleet near, v. 84 seq.;
  • on the Pagasæan Gulf, xi. 304 n. 3.
• Magnetes, Thessalian and Asiatic, ii. 285.
• Magon, off Katana, x. 495;
  • near Abakæna, xi. 6;
  • at Agyrium, xi. 7;
  • death of, xi. 41.
• Magon and Hiketas, xi. 156 seq.;
  • death of, xi. 171.
• Maia and Zeus, offspring of, i. 10.
• Makrônes and the Ten Thousand, ix. 112.
• Malians, ii. 282.
• Malli, [xii. 234].
• Mallus, Alexander at, [xii. 114].
• Mamerkus and Timoleon, xi. 180 seq.
• Manetho and the Sothiac period, iii. 339 seq.
• Mania, sub-satrap of Æolis, ix. 214 seq.
• Mantinea and Tegea, ii. 442 seq., vi. 452, vii. 14;
  • and Sparta, ii. 444, vii. 20, 94, x. 35 seq.;
  • and Argos, vii. 19;
  • congress at, vii. 81 seq.;
  • battle of, B. C. 418, vii. 81 seq.;
  • expedition of Agesipolis to, x. 36 seq.;
  • and the river Ophis, x. 36 n. 2;
  • re-establishment of, x. 205 seq.;
  • march of Agesilaus against, x. 211 seq.;
  • muster of Peloponnesian enemies to Thebes at, x. 329;
  • attempted surprise of, by the cavalry of Epaminondas, x. 332 seq.;
  • battle of, B. C. 362, x. 335 seq., 357;
  • peace concluded after the battle of, x. 350.
• Mantineans and the Pan-Arcadian union, x. 322 seq.;
  • opposition of to Theban intervention, x. 326.
• Mantinico-Tegeatic plain, x. 338.
• Mantitheus and Aphepsion, vii. 200 seq.
• Mantô, iii. 184.
• Marakanda, Alexander at, [xii. 204], [207] seq.
• Marathon, battle of, iv. 342-360.
• Marathus surrenders to Alexander, [xii. 130].
• Mardi and Alexander, [xii. 178], [188].
• Mardonius, in Ionia, iv. 313;
  • in Thrace and Macedonia, iv. 315;
  • fleet of, destroyed near Mount Athos, iv. 314;
  • urges Xerxes to invade Greece, v. 3 seq., 7;
  • advice of, to Xerxes after the battle of Salamis, v. 138;
  • forces left with, in Thessaly, v. 141;
  • and Medizing Greeks, after Xerxes’s retreat, v. 148;
  • in Bœotia, v. 149, 158 seq.;
  • offers of peace to Athens by, v. 150 seq., 154;
  • at Athens, v. 154;
  • and his Phokiôn contingent, v. 161;
  • on the Asôpus, v. 167;
  • at Platæa, v. 169 seq.
• Marine, military, unfavorable to oligarchy, iii. 31.
• Maritime and inland cities contrasted, ii. 225.
• Marpessa and Idas, i. 172.
• Marriage in legendary Greece, ii. 83;
  • among the Spartans, ii. 386;
  • among the Hindoos, iii. 141 n. 2.
• Marshes and lakes of Greece, ii. 219.
• Marsyas, iii. 213, 213 n. 1.
• Masistes, v. 199.
• Masistius, v. 164.
• Maskames, v. 295.
• Massagetæ, iii. 245.
• Massalia, iii. 280, 348, 400 seq., [xii. 453] seq.
• Mausôlus and the Social War, xi. 222.
• Mazæus at Thapsakus, [xii. 150];
  • at the battle of Arbela, [xii. 164], [165];
  • surrender of Babylon by, [xii. 168];
  • appointed satrap of Babylon by Alexander, [xii. 169].
• Mazares, iv. 200 seq.
• Medea and the Argonauts, i. 237 seq.
• Medes, early history of, iii. 224 seq.;
  • and Persians, iv. 183, 224 seq.
• Media, the wall of, iii. 304 n. 2, ix. 63, 65 n.;
  • Darius a fugitive in, [xii. 178], [180].
• Medius, [xii. 254].
• Medus, i. 205 n. 4, 242.
• Medusa, i. 7, 90.
• Megabates, iv. 283, 284.
• Megabazus, iv. 275, 276.
• Megabyzus, v. 333.
• Megaklês, iii. 37 n., 38, 82.
• Megalêpolis, capture of, by Agathokles, [xii. 414].
• Megalopolis, foundation of, ii. 448, x. 224 seq., 233 n. 6;
  • the centre of the Pan-Arcadian confederacy, x. 232;
  • disputes at, x. 358;
  • and Sparta, xi. 198, 263, 290, 300 seq.
• Megapenthes and Perseus, i. 90.
• Megara, early history of, iii. 2, 44 seq.;
  • Corinth and Sikyôn, analogy of, iii. 47;
  • and Athens, iii. 90 seq., v. 321, 348, 351 n., 352, vi. 76, 370 seq.;
  • Long Walls at, v. 322;
  • Brasidas at, vi. 375 seq.;
  • revolution at, vi. 378 seq.;
  • Philippizing faction at, xi. 449.
• Megara in Sicily, iii. 365, v. 215.
• Megarian Sicily, iii. 365.
• Megarians under Pausanias, and Persian cavalry under Masistius, v. 164;
  • repudiate the peace of Nikias, vi. 493, vii. 2;
  • refuse to join Argos, vii. 16;
  • recovery of Nisea by, viii. 131.
• Megarid, Athenian ravage of, in the Peloponnesian war, vi. 137.
• Meidias of Skepsis, ix. 213 seq.
• Meidias the Athenian, xi. 343, 343 n. 2.
• Meilaniôn and Atalanta, i. 149.
• Meilichios, meaning of, ix. 171 n.
• Melampus, i. 33, 109, 398, v. 89.
• Melannippus and Tydeus, i. 274, 279.
• Melanthus, ii. 23.
• Meleager, legend of, i. 143 seq.
• Meleagrides, i. 145.
• Melesippus, vi. 126.
• Melian nymphs, i. 5.
• Melissus, vi. 28, viii. 341, 343.
• Melkarth, temple of, iii. 269.
• Melon, x. 81 seq., 88.
• Melos, settlement of, ii. 28;
  • expedition against, under Nikias, vi. 295;
  • capture of, vii. 109 seq.;
  • Antisthenês at, vii. 396.
• Memnôn, son of Tithônus, i. 298.
• Memnôn the Rhodian, operations of, between Alexander’s accession and landing in Asia, [xii. 49], [77];
  • and Mentor, xii., 75;
  • advice of, on Alexander’s landing in Asia, [xii. 78];
  • made commander-in-chief of the Persians, [xii. 92];
  • at Halikarnassus, [xii. 95] seq.;
  • his progress with the Persian fleet, and death, [xii. 105] seq.;
  • change in the plan of Darius after his death, [xii. 107], [109].
• Memphis, Alexander at, [xii. 146].
• Men, races of, in “Works and Days”, i. 64 seq.
• Mende, and Athens, vi. 441 seq.
• Menedæus, and the Ambrakiots, vi. 305 seq.
• Menekleidas and Epaminondas, x. 268, 305 seq.
• Menekles, viii. 203.
• Menelaus, i. 162 seq., iii. 269 n. 4.
• Menestheus, i. 312, ii. 22.
• Menœkeus, i. 274.
• Menœtius, i. 6, 8.
• Menon the Thessalian, ix. 30, 71.
• Menon the Athenian, x. 373.
• Mentor the Rhodian, xi. 439 seq., [xii. 75].
• Mercenary soldiers, multiplication of, in Greece after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 281 seq.
• Mermnads, Lydian dynasty of, iii. 221.
• Meroe, connection of, with Egyptian institutions, iii. 313.
• Messapians, iii. 391;
  • and Tarentines, [xii. 394].
• Messene, foundation of, ii. 422, iii. 366;
  • foundation of, by Epaminondas, x. 225, 233 n. 6, 261;
  • and Sparta, x. 290, 350, xi. 198, 263, 290.
• Messene, in Sicily, chorus sent to Rhegium from, iv. 53 n.;
  • re-colonization of, by Anaxilaus, v. 213;
  • Laches at, vii. 134;
  • Athenian fleet near, vii. 136;
  • Alkibiades at, vii. 193;
  • Nikias at, vii. 223;
  • and Dionysius, x. 474 seq., xi. 3;
  • Imilkon at, x. 492 seq.;
  • and Timoleon, xi. 158.
• Messenia, Dorian settlements in, ii. 8, 311.
• Messenian genealogy, i. 172; wars, ii. 421-438;
  • victor proclaimed at Olympia, B. C. 368, x. 262.
• Messenians and Spartans, early proceedings of, ii. 328;
  • expelled by Sparta, ix. 229, xi. 3;
  • plan of Epaminondas for the restoration of, x. 214.
• Messenians in Sicily, defeated by Naxians and Sikels, vii. 135.
• Metaneira, i. 38.
• Metapontium, iii. 386.
• Methana, Athenian Garrion at, vi. 451.
• Methône, iv. 23;
  • Philip at, xi. 260.
• Methône in Peloponnesus, Athenian assault upon, vi. 134.
• Methymna, vi. 222, 225;
  • Kallikratidas at, viii. 164.
• Metics, and the Thirty at Athens, viii. 247.
• Metis and Zeus, daughter of, i. 9.
• Metrodorus, i. 419, 444 n.
• Metropolis, relation of a Grecian, to its colonies, vi. 60 n.
• Midas, iii. 209, 217.
• Middle ages, monarchy in, iii. 8 seq.
• Mikythus, v. 230, 231, 238.
• Milesian colonies in the Troad, i. 339.
• Milesians and Lichas, viii. 98;
  • and Kallikratidas, viii. 164.
• Miletus, early history of, iii. 176 seq.;
  • and Alyattês, iii. 255 seq.;
  • and Crœsus, iii. 258;
  • sieges of, by the Persians, iv. 290, 305;
  • Histiæus of, iv. 273 seq., 277, 280, 284, 298 seq.;
  • Phrynichus’s tragedy on the capture of, iv. 309;
  • exiles from, at Zanklê, v. 211 seq.;
  • and Samos, dispute between, vi. 26;
  • revolt of, from Athens, vii. 375, 385, 387 seq.;
  • Tissaphernes at, vii. 376, 399;
  • Lichas at, vii. 399;
  • Peloponnesian fleet at, viii. 25, 94, 95 seq., 99;
  • revolution at, by the partisans of Lysander, viii. 213;
  • capture of, by Alexander, [xii. 92] seq.
• Military array of legendary and historical Greece, ii. 106 seq.;
  • divisions not distinct from civil in any Grecian cities but Sparta, ii. 456;
  • force of early oligarchies, iii. 31;
  • order, Egyptian, iii. 316;
  • arrangements, Kleisthenean, iv. 136.
• Miltas, xi. 88.
• Miltiades the First, iv. 117.
• Miltiades the Second, iv. 119;
  • and the bridge over the Danube, iv. 271, 274 n. 2;
  • his retirement from the Chersonese, iv. 274;
  • capture of Lemnos and Imbros by, iv. 278;
  • escape of, from Persian pursuit, iv. 307;
  • adventures and character of, iv. 334 seq.;
  • elected general, 490 B. C., iv. 341;
  • and the battle of Marathon, iv. 343 seq.;
  • expedition of, against Paros, iv. 363;
  • disgrace, punishment, and death of, iv. 365 seq.
• Milto, ix. 47.
• Miltokythes, x. 372, 378.
• Milton on the early series of British kings, i. 484;
  • his treatment of British fabulous history, i. 487.
• Mimnermus, iv. 82.
• Mindarus, supersedes Astyochus, viii. 98;
  • deceived by Tissaphernês, viii. 99;
  • removal of, from Milêtus to Chios, viii. 181;
  • eludes Thrasyllus and reaches the Hellespont, viii. 102, 103 n.;
  • at the Hellespont, viii. 109;
  • Peloponnesian fleet summoned from Eubœa by, viii. 111;
  • siege of Kyzikus by, viii. 121;
  • death of, viii. 121.
• Mineral productions of Greece, ii. 229.
• Minôa, capture of, by Nikias, vi. 285.
• Minôs, i. 219 seq.
• Minôtaur, the, i. 220 seq.
• Minyæ, i. 130, ii. 26 seq.
• Minyas, i. 128 seq.
• Miraculous legends, varied interpretation of, i. 472 n. 2.
• Mistake of ascribing to an unrecording age the historical sense of modern times, i. 432.
• Mitford, his view of the anti-monarchical sentiment of Greece, iii. 12 seq.
• Mithridates the Persian, ix. 87 seq.
• Mithridates of Pontus, [xii. 463].
• Mithrines, [xii. 90], [207].
• Mitylenæan envoys, speech of, to the Peloponnesians at Olympia, vi. 226 seq.;
  • prisoners sent to Athens by Pachês, vi. 243, 255.
• Mityleneans at Sigeium, i. 339.
• Mitylênê, iii. 193; political dissensions and poets of, iii. 198;
  • revolt of, from Athens, vi. 221 seq.;
  • blockade of, by Pachês, vi. 237 seq.;
  • and the Athenian assembly, vi. 244, 246 seq.;
  • loss and recovery of, by Athens, B. C. 412, vii. 383, 384;
  • Kallikratidas at, viii. 167 seq.;
  • removal of Kallikratidas from, viii. 170;
  • Eteonikus at, viii. 170, 174, 189;
  • blockade of, by Memnon, [xii. 105];
  • surrender of, by Chares, [xii. 142].
• Mnassippus, expedition of, to Korkyra, x. 142 seq.
• Mnêmosynê, i. 5, 10.
• Mnesiphilus, v. 122.
• Mœræ, and Crœsus, iv. 194 seq.
• Mœris, lake of, iii. 322 n. 1.
• Molionids, the, i. 140.
• Molossian kingdom of Epirus, [xii. 395].
• Molossians, iii. 413 seq.
• Molossus, i. 189.
• Mômus, i. 7.
• Monarchy, in mediæval and modern Europe, iii. 8 seq.;
  • aversion to, in Greece, after the expulsion of Hippias, iv. 176.
• Money, coined, not known to Homeric or Hesiodic Greeks, ii. 116;
  • coined, first introduction of, into Greece, ii. 320.
• Money-lending at Florence in the middle ages, iii. 109 n.;
  • and the Jewish law, iii. 111 n.;
  • and ancient philosophers, iii. 113.
• Money-standard, Solon’s debasement of, iii. 100;
  • honestly maintained at Athens after Solon, iii. 114.
• Monsters, offspring of the gods, i. 11.
• Monstrous natures associated with the gods, i. 1.
• Monts de Piété, iii. 162.
• Monuments of the Argonautic expedition, i. 241 seq.
• Moon, eclipse of, B. C. 413, vii. 315;
  • eclipse of, B. C. 331, [xii. 151].
• Mopsus, iii. 184.
• Mora, Spartan, ii. 458 seq.;
  • destruction of a Spartan, by Iphikrates, ix. 351 seq.
• Moral and social feeling in legendary Greece, ii. 79.
• Moralizing Greek poets, iv. 91 seq.
• Mosynæki, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 128.
• Mothakes, ii. 418.
• Motyê, capture of, by Dionysius, x. 485 seq.;
  • recapture of, by Imilkon, x. 490.
• Motyum, Duketius at, vii. 123.
• Mountainous systems of Greece, ii. 212 seq.
• Müller on Sparta as the Dorian type, ii. 342.
• Multitude, sentiment of a, compared with that of individuals, ix. 279.
• Munychia and Peiræus, Themistoklês’ wall round, v. 249;
  • Menyllus in, [xii. 326], [339];
  • Nikanor in, [xii. 339], [345].
• Muse, inspiration and authority of the, i. 355.
• Muses, the, i. 10.
• Music, ethical effect of old Grecian, ii. 433;
  • Greek, improvements in, about the middle of the seventh century B. C., iv. 77;
  • comprehensive meaning of, among the ancient Greeks, viii. 349.
• Musical modes of the Greeks, iii. 212.
• Musicians, Greek, in the seventh century B. C., iv. 76 n.
• Μῦθος, i. 356, 432 n., 458.
• Mutilated Grecian captives at Persepolis, [xii. 173].
• Mutilation of dead bodies in legendary and historical Greece, ii. 92;
  • of Bessus, [xii. 206].
• Mutiny at Athens immediately before Solon’s legislation, iii. 93.
• Mygdonia, iii. 210.
• Mykalê, Pan-Ionic festival at, iii. 177;
  • the battle of, v. 191 seq.
• Mykalêssus, massacre at, vii. 357 seq.
• Myknæ, i. 90 seq.
• Myriandrus, Alexander’s march from Kilikia to, [xii. 114];
  • Alexander’s return from, [xii. 117].
• Myrkinus, iv. 273, 296.
• Myrmidons, origin of, i. 184.
• Myrôn, iii. 32.
• Myrônidês, v. 323, 331.
• Myrtilus, i. 159.
• Mysia, the Ten Thousand Greeks in, ix. 172 seq.
• Mysians, iii. 196, 205 seq., 209.
• Mysteries, principal Pan-Hellenic, i. 28, 38, 41, 43, v. 209 n.;
  • and mythes, i. 496.
• Mystic legends, connection of, with Egypt, i. 32;
  • legends, contrast of, with Homeric hymns, i. 34;
  • brotherhoods, iii. 87.
• Mythe of Pandôra and Prometheus, now used in “Works and Days”, i. 71;
  • meaning of the word, i. 356.
• Mythes, how to be told, i. 2;
  • Hesiodic, traceable to Krête and Delphi, i. 15;
  • Grecian, origin of, i. 4, 52, 61 seq., 340 seq.;
  • of the gods, discrepancies in, i. 53 n., 54;
  • contain gods, heroes and men, i. 64;
  • formed the entire mental stock of the early Greeks, i. 340, 359;
  • difficulty of regarding them in the same light as the ancients did, i. 341;
  • Grecian, adapted to the personifying and patriotic tendencies of the Greeks, i. 344 seq.;
  • Grecian, beauty of, i. 351;
  • Grecian, how to understand properly, i. 351 seq.;
  • how regarded by superior men in the age of Thucydides, i. 375;
  • accommodated to a more advanced age, i. 376 seq.;
  • treatment of, by poets and logographers, i. 377 seq.;
  • treatment of, by historians, i. 391 seq.;
  • historicised, i. 409 seq.;
  • treatment of, by philosophers, i. 418 seq.;
  • allegorized, i. 419 seq.;
  • semi-historical interpretation of, i. 433;
  • allegorical theory of, i. 436;
  • connection of, with mysteries, i, 436;
  • supposed ancient meaning of, i. 438;
  • Plato on, i. 441 seq., 420;
  • recapitulation of remarks on, i. 450 seq.;
  • familiarity of the Greeks with, i. 456 seq.;
  • bearing of, on Grecian art, i. 459 seq.;
  • German, i. 363;
  • Grecian, proper treatment of, i. 487 seq.;
  • Asiatic, iii. 221.
• Mythical world, opening of, i. 1;
  • sentiment in “Works and Days”, i. 68 seq.;
  • geography, i. 246 seq.;
  • faith in the Homeric age, i. 357;
  • genealogies, i. 445 seq.;
  • age, gods and men undistinguishable in, i. 449;
  • events, relics of, i. 457;
  • account of the alliance between the Hêrakleids and Dorians, ii. 2;
  • races of Greece, ii. 19.
• Mythology, Grecian, sources of our information on, i. 106;
  • German, Celtic, and Grecian, i. 462, 463;
  • Grecian, how it would have been affected by the introduction of Christianity, B. C. 500, i. 467.
• Mythopæic faculty, stimulus to, i. 351;
  • age, the, i. 361;
  • tendencies, by what causes enfeebled, i. 361 seq.;
  • tendencies in modern Europe, i. 469 seq.
• Myûs, iii. 172.

• N.
• Napoleon, analogy between his relation to the confederation of the Rhine, and that of Alexander to the Greeks, [xii. 51].
• Nature, first regarded as impersonal, i. 368.
• Naukraries, iii. 52, 65.
• Naukratis, iii. 327, 335 seq.
• Naupaktus, origin of the name, ii. 3;
  • Pharmio’s victory near, vi. 206 seq.;
  • Eurylochus’s attack upon, vi. 301;
  • Demosthenês at, vi. 301;
  • naval battle at, B. C. 413, vii. 358 seq.
• Nausinikus, census in the archonship of, x. 115 seq.
• Naval attack, Athenian, vi. 63.
• Naxians and Sikels, defeat of Messenians by, vii. 135.
• Naxos, early power of, iii. 165;
  • expedition of Aristagoras against, iv. 282 seq.;
  • Datis at, iv. 330;
  • revolt and reconquest of, v. 307.
• Naxos in Sicily, iii. 363, vii. 193, x. 468.
• Nearchus, voyages of, [xii. 233], [235], [237], [238].
• Nebuchadnezzar, iii. 333.
• Necklaces of Eriphylê and Helen, i. 287 seq.
• Nectanebus, xi. 440.
• Negative side of Grecian philosophy, viii. 345.
• Neileus, or Nêleus, i. 109, ii. 24, iii. 173.
• Nekôs, iii. 329 seq.
• Nektanebis, x. 362, 366.
• Nêleids down to Kodrus, i. 111.
• Nêleus and Pelias, i. 107 seq.
• Nemean lion, the, i. 7;
  • games, ii. 461, iv. 65 seq.
• Nemesis, i. 7.
• Neobulê and Archilochus, iv. 81.
• Neon the Cyreian, ix. 136 seq., 147.
• Neon the Corinthian, xi. 156 seq.
• Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, i. 188, 300, 305.
• Neoptolemus the actor, xi. 373.
• Nephelê, i. 123 seq.
• Nereas, i. 7.
• Nereids, i. 7.
• Nessus, the centaur, i. 150.
• Nestor, i. 110.
• Niebelungen Lied, i. 479.
• Nikæa on the Hydaspes, [xii. 229], [233].
• Nikanor, [xii. 339], [354] seq.
• Nikias, at Minôa, vi. 285;
  • position and character of, vi. 285 seq.;
  • and Kleon, vi. 287 seq., 457 seq.;
  • at Mêlos, vi. 295;
  • in the Corinthian territory, vi. 355 seq.;
  • at Mendê and Skiônê, vi. 441 seq.;
  • peace of, vi. 490 seq. vii. 1 seq.;
  • and the Spartans taken at Sphakteria, vii. 6 seq.;
  • embassy of, to Sparta, vii. 44;
  • and Alkibiadês, vii. 104 seq., viii. 158;
  • appointed commander of the Sicilian expedition, B. C. 415, vii. 148;
  • speeches and influence of, on the Sicilian expedition, B. C. 415, vii. 148 seq., 155, 159;
  • his plan of action in Sicily, vii. 191;
  • dilatory proceedings of, in Sicily, vii. 219, 225, 258 seq.;
  • stratagem of, for approaching Syracuse, vii. 221;
  • at the battle near the Olympeion at Syracuse, vii. 220;
  • measures of, after his victory near the Olympeion at Syracuse, vii. 223;
  • at Messênê in Sicily, vii. 223;
  • forbearance of the Athenians towards, vii. 225 seq.;
  • at Katana, vii. 234;
  • in Sicily in the spring of B. C. 414, vii. 243;
  • his neglect in not preventing Gylippus’s approach to Sicily and Syracuse, vii. 263 seq., 266 seq.;
  • fortification of Cape Plenimyrium by, vii. 270;
  • at Epipolæ, vii. 272;
  • despatch of, to Athens for reinforcements, vii. 275 seq., 281 seq.;
  • opposition of, to Demosthenês’s proposals for leaving Syracuse, vii. 308 seq.;
  • consent of, to retreat from Syracuse, vii. 313;
  • exhortations of, before the final defeat of the Athenians in the harbor of Syracuse, vii. 321 seq.;
  • and Demosthenês, resolution of, after the final defeat in the harbor of Syracuse, vii. 330;
  • exhortations of, to the Athenians on their retreat from Syracuse, vii. 333 seq.;
  • and his division, surrender of, to Gylippus, vii. 343 seq., 347 n. 2;
  • and Demosthenês, treatment of, by their Syracusan conquerors, vii. 346;
  • disgrace of, at Athens after his death, vii. 348;
  • opinion of Thucydidês about, vii. 349;
  • opinion and mistake of the Athenians about, vii. 351 seq.
• Nikodromus, v. 47.
• Nikoklês, x. 26.
• Nikomachus the Athenian, viii. 307 seq.
• Nikomachus the Macedonian, [xii. 191], [194].
• Nikostratus, vi. 271 seq., 440 seq.
• Nikoteles, x. 466.
• Nile, the, iii. 309.
• Nineveh, or Ninus, siege of, iii. 233;
  • capture of, iii. 255;
  • and Babylon, iii. 290;
  • site of, iii. 294 n. 2;
  • and its remains, iii. 305.
• Nine Ways, nine defeats of the Athenians at the, x. 302 n. 1.
• Ninon and Kylon, iv. 409.
• Niobê, i. 158.
• Nisæa, alleged capture of, by Peisistratus, iii. 154 n.;
  • connected with Megara by “Long Walls”, v. 324;
  • surrender of, to the Athenians, vi. 375 seq.;
  • recovery of, by the Megarians, viii. 131.
• Nisus, i. 205, 221.
• Nobles, Athenian, early violence of, iv. 152.
• Nomads, Libyan, iv. 35 seq.
• Nomios Apollo, i. 61.
• Nomophylakes, v. 371.
• Nomothetæ, iii. 123, 125, v. 372, viii. 296.
• Non-Amphiktyonic races, ii. 270.
• Non-Hellenic practices, ii. 256.
• Non-Olympiads, ii. 435.
• Notium, iii. 183;
  • Pachês at, vi. 242;
  • recolonized from Athens, vi. 243;
  • battle of, viii. 153.
• Notus, i. 6.
• Numidia, Agathokles and the Carthaginians in, [xii. 427].
• Nymphæum, xi. 264, n. 1, [xii. 480].
• Nymphs, i. 5, 7.
• Nypsius, xi. 107, 109, 111.
• Nyx, i. 4, 6.

• O.
• Oarus, fortresses near, iv. 266.
• Oath of mutual harmony at Athens, after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 225.
• Obæ ar Obês, ii. 361.
• Ocean, ancient belief about, iii. 286 n.
• Oceanic nymphs, i. 6.
• Oceanus, i. 5, 6, 8.
• Ochus, x. 367, xi. 437 seq., [xii. 75] seq.
• Odeon, building of, vi. 31.
• Odes at festivals in honor of gods, i. 52.
• Odin and other gods degraded into men, i. 466.
• Odrysian kings, vi. 215 seq.
• Odysseus, i. 290;
  • and Palamêdês, i. 294;
  • and Ajax, i. 299;
  • steals away the Palladium, i. 302;
  • return of, from Troy, i. 309;
  • final adventures and death of, i. 314 seq.;
  • at the agora in the second book of the Iliad, ii. 70 seq.
• Odyssey and Iliad, date, structure, authorship and character of, ii. 118-209.
• Œchalia, capture of, i. 151.
• Œdipus, i. 265 seq.
• Œneus and his offspring, i. 143 seq.
• Œnoê, vi. 127, viii. 83, ix. 353.
• Œnomaus and Pelops, i. 158.
• Œnônê, i. 301 n. 3.
• Œnophyta, Athenian victory at, v. 331.
• Œnotria, iii. 350 seq.
• Œnotrians, iii. 351, 375, 393.
• Œta, path over Mount, v. 78.
• Œtæi, ii. 213.
• Office, admissibility of Athenians citizens to, iv. 113.
• Ogygês, i. 194.
• Okypetê, i. 7.
• Olbia, [xii. 474] seq.
• Oligarchical government, change from monarchical to, in Greece, iii. 15 seq.;
  • party at Athens, v. 365, viii. 235 seq., 300 seq.;
  • Greeks, corruption of, vii. 401;
  • conspiracy at Samos, viii. 6 seq., 26 seq.;
  • conspiracy at Athens, viii. 15, 31 seq.;
  • exiles, return of, to Athens, viii. 232.
• Oligarchies in Greece, iii. 17, 29, 30, 31.
• Oligarchy, conflict of, with despotism, iii. 28;
  • vote of the Athenian assembly in favor of, viii. 14;
  • establishment of, in Athenian allied cities, viii. 34;
  • of the Four Hundred, viii. 36 seq., 45 seq., viii. 75, 88 seq.
• Olive trees, sacred, near Athens, iii. 135 n. 2, vi. 267 n. 3.
• Olpæ, Demosthenes’s victory at, vi. 303 seq.
• Olympia, Agesipolis, and the oracle at, ix. 356;
  • Lysias at, x. 73 seq.;
  • panegyrical oration of Isokrates at, x. 77;
  • occupation of, by the Arcadians, x. 315, 322;
  • topography of, x. 319 n. 2;
  • plunder of, by the Arcadians, x. 322 seq.
• Olympias, xi. 262, 512, 516, 519;
  • and Antipater, [xii. 68], [254], [256 n. 2];
  • intrigues of, after Alexander’s death, [xii. 333];
  • return of, from Epirus to Macedonia, [xii. 340] seq., [366];
  • death of, [xii. 366];
  • Epirus governed by, [xii. 395 n. 2].
• Olympic games, and Aëthlius, i. 100;
  • origin of, i. 140;
  • presidency of, ii. 10, 317 seq.;
  • nature and importance of, ii. 241, 242;
  • the early point of union between Spartans, Messenians, and Eleians, ii. 334;
  • and the Delian festival, iv. 54;
  • celebrity, history and duration of, iv. 55 seq.;
  • interference of, with the defence of Thermopylæ, v. 77;
  • and the Karneia, v. 77 n.;
  • conversation of Xerxes on, v. 113;
  • of the 90th Olympiad, vii. 52 seq.;
  • celebration of, by the Arcadians and Pisatans, x. 318 seq.;
  • legation of Dionysius to, xi. 28 seq.
• Olympieion near Syracuse, battle of, vii. 219 seq.
• Olympus, ii. 211.
• Olympus, the Phrygian, iii. 213 n., iv. 75.
• Olynthiac, the earliest, of Demosthenês, xi. 327 seq.;
  • the second, of Demosthenês, xi. 331 seq.;
  • the third, of Demosthenês, xi. 335 seq.
• Olynthiacs of Demosthenês, order of, xi. 358 seq.
• Olynthian confederacy, x. 50 seq., 68, 381, xi. 324;
  • war, xi. 325-363.
• Olynthus, iv. 24;
  • capture and re-population of, by Artabazus, v. 149;
  • increase of, by Perdikkas, vi. 69;
  • expedition of Eudamidas against, x. 58;
  • Teleutias at, x. 65 seq.;
  • Agesipolis at, x. 67;
  • submission of, to Sparta, x. 68;
  • alliance of, rejected by the Athenians, xi. 236;
  • alliance of, with Philip, xi. 236 seq.;
  • secedes from the alliance of Philip, and makes peace with Athens, xi. 319;
  • hostility of Philip to, xi. 320;
  • Philip’s half-brothers flee to, xi. 321;
  • intrigues of Philip in, xi. 321;
  • attack of Philip upon, xi. 325, 381;
  • alliance of, with Athens, xi. 326;
  • renewed application of, to Athens, against Philip, xi. 331;
  • assistance from Athens to, B. C. 350, xi. 334;
  • three expeditions from Athens to, B. C. 349-348, xi. 334 n., 349;
  • expedition of Athenians to, B. C. 349, xi. 346, 347;
  • capture of, by Philip, xi. 350 seq., 364, 365, 372.
• Oneirus, i. 7, ii. 185.
• Oneium, Mount, Epaminondas at, x. 254.
• Onesilus, iv. 292 seq.
• Onomakles, viii. 84 seq.
• Onamakritus, v. 3.
• Onomarchus, and the treasures in the temple at Delphi, xi. 255;
  • successes of, 256, 293;
  • at Chæroneia, xi. 257;
  • power of the Phokians under, xi. 261;
  • aid to Lykophron by, xi. 293;
  • death of, xi. 294.
• Ophellas, [xii. 428], [431] seq.
• Ophis, the, x. 36.
• Opici, iii. 353.
• Opis, Alexander’s voyage to, [xii. 243].
• Oracle at Delphi, legend of, i. 41;
  • and the Krêtans, i. 226 n. 2;
  • and the Battiad dynasty, iv. 43;
  • answers of, on Xerxes’s invasion, v. 60 seq.
• Oracles, consultation and authority of, among the Greeks, ii. 255;
  • in Bœotia consulted by Mardonius, v. 149.
• Orations, funeral, of Periklês, vi. 31, 144 seq.
• Orchomenians, i. 313.
• Orchomenus, ante-historical, i. 130 seq.;
  • and Thêbes, i. 135, v. 159 n. 4, x. 194.
• Orchomenus, early historical, ii. 273;
  • capitulation of, B. C. 418, vii. 75;
  • revolt of, from Thebes to Sparta, ix. 293;
  • and the Pan-Arcadian union, x. 209, 210;
  • destruction of, x. 311.
• Oreithyia, i. 199.
• Orestês, i. 163 seq.;
  • and Agamemnôn transferred to Sparta, i. 165.
• Orestês, bones of, ii. 447.
• Oreus, xi. 449, 452.
• Orgies, post-Homeric, i. 27.
• Orœtês, iv. 226, 245.
• Orontês the Persian nobleman, ix. 36, 40 n. 2.
• Orontês, the Persian satrap, x. 22, 24.
• Orôpus, vi. 383 n. 2, viii. 25, x. 286.
• Orphans in legendary and historical Greece, ii. 91.
• Orpheotelestæ, iii. 87.
• Orpheus, i. 21, 22.
• Orphic Theogony, i. 16 seq.;
  • egg, i. 18;
  • life, the, i. 23;
  • brotherhood, i. 34.
• Orsines, [xii. 237].
• Orthagoridæ, iii. 33 seq.
• Orthros, i. 7.
• Ortygês, iii. 187.
• Ortygia, iii. 363;
  • fortification and occupation of, by Dionysius, x. 458 seq.;
  • Dionysius besieged in, x. 462 seq.;
  • blockade of, by Dion, xi. 95, 98, 114;
  • sallies of Nypsius from, xi. 107, 109, 111;
  • Dion’s entry into, xi. 117;
  • surrender of, to Timoleon, xi. 150 seq.;
  • advantage of, to Timoleon, xi. 155;
  • siege of, by Hiketas and Magon, xi. 156 seq.;
  • Timoleon’s demolition of the Dionysian works in, xi. 165;
  • Timoleon erects courts of justice in, xi. 165.
• Oscan, Latin and Greek languages, iii. 354.
• Oscans, iii. 353.
• Ossa and Pelion, ii. 214.
• Ostracism, similarity of, to Solon’s condemnation of neutrality in sedition, iii. 145, 147 seq., vii. 108 seq.;
  • of Hyperbolus, iv. 151, vii. 101 seq.;
  • of Kimon, v. 366;
  • of Thucydidês, son of Melêsias, vi. 19;
  • projected contention of, between Nikias and Alkibiadês, vii. 106 seq.;
  • at Syracuse, vii. 122.
• Otanês, iv. 223, 249 seq., 277.
• Othryadês, ii. 449.
• Othrys, ii. 213 seq.
• Otos and Ephialtês, i. 136.
• Ovid at Tomi, [xii. 474 n.]
• Oxus crossed by Alexander, [xii. 201].
• Oxylus, i. 153, ii. 4, 9.
• Oxythemis Korônæus, ii. 332 n. 2.

• P.
• Pachês, at Mitylênê, vi. 226, 237 seq.;
  • at Notium, vi. 242;
  • pursues the fleet of Alkidas to Patmos, vi. 241;
  • sends Mitylenæan prisoners to Athens, vi. 243;
  • crimes and death of, vi. 258.
• Pæonians, iv. 15;
  • conquest of, by Megabazus, iv. 276;
  • victory of Philip over, xi. 214.
• Pagasæ, conquest of, by Philip, xi. 295;
  • importance of the Gulf of, to Philip, xi. 303.
• Pagondas, vi. 384 seq.
• Paktyas, the Lydian, iv. 200 seq.
• Palæmon and Inô, i. 124.
• Palæphatus, his treatment of mythes, i. 415 seq.
• Palamêdês, i. 294.
• Palikê, foundation of, vii. 123.
• Palladium, capture of, i. 302.
• Pallakopas, [xii. 250].
• Pallas, i. 6, 8.
• Pallas, son of Pandiôn, i. 205.
• Pallênê, i. 318, iv. 24.
• Palus Mæotis, tribes east of, iii. 242.
• Pammenes, expedition of, to Megalopolis, x. 359, xi. 257, 299.
• Pamphyli, Hylleis, and Dymanes, ii. 360.
• Pamphylia, conquest of, by Alexander, [xii. 99].
• Panaktum, vii. 24, 29.
• Pan-Arcadian Ten Thousand, x. 232, 322.
• Pan-Arcadian union, x. 208 seq., 321 seq.
• Pandiôn, i. 196.
• Pandiôn, son of Phineus, i. 199.
• Pandiôn II., i. 204.
• Pandôra, i. 71, 76 seq.
• Pan-Hellenic proceeding, the earliest approach to, iv. 50;
  • feeling, growth of, between B. C. 776-560, iv. 51;
  • character of the four great games, iv. 67;
  • congress at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 57 seq.;
  • patriotism of the Athenians on Xerxes’s invasion, v. 62;
  • union under Sparta after the repulse of Xerxes, v. 260;
  • schemes and sentiment of Periklês, vi. 18;
  • pretences of Alexander, [xii. 51].
• Pan-Ionic festival and Amphiktyony in Asia, iii. 177.
• Panoptês, Argos, i. 84.
• Pantaleôn, ii. 434.
• Pantikapæum, [xii. 479] seq., [487].
• Pantitês, story of, v. 94 n. 1.
• Paphlagonia, submission of, to Alexander, [xii. 111].
• Paphlagonians, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 144.
• Paragraphê, viii. 299.
• Parali, at Samos, viii. 29.
• Paralus, arrival of, at Athens from Samos, viii. 30.
• Paranomôn, Graphê, v. 375 seq., viii. 36.
• Parasang, length of, ix. 14 n. 3.
• Paris, i. 286 seq., 301.
• Parisades I., [xii. 482].
• Parmenidês, viii. 343, 344 n.
• Parmenio, embassy of, from Philip to Athens, xi. 386, 388, 389, 398, 401;
  • operations of, in Asia Minor against Memnon, [xii. 49];
  • debate of, with Alexander at Milêtus, [xii. 92];
  • captures Damascus, [xii. 128];
  • at the battle of Arbela, [xii. 158], [159], [164], [165];
  • invested with the chief command at Ekbatana, [xii. 181];
  • family of, [xii. 190];
  • alleged conspiracy and assassination of, [xii. 196] seq.
• Paropamisadæ, subjugation of, by Alexander, [xii. 200].
• Paros, Theramenês at, viii. 118.
• Partheniæ, iii. 387.
• Parthenon, vi. 21, 22;
  • records of offerings in, xi. 249 n., 252 n. 3.
• Parthia, Darius pursued by Alexander into, [xii. 182] seq.
• Partition of lands ascribed to Lykurgus, ii. 380, 393 seq., 401 seq.;
  • proposed by Agis, iii. 399, 401.
• Parysatis, wife of Darius Nothus, ix. 61, 72.
• Parysatis, daughter of Darius Nothus, [xii. 241].
• Pasimêlus, ix. 331 seq.
• Pasion, and Xenias, ix. 28.
• Pasiphaë and the Minôtaur, i. 220.
• Pasippidas, banishment of, viii. 128.
• Patizeithês, conspiracy of, iv. 223.
• Patrokleidês, amnesty proposed by, viii. 224.
• Patroklus, treatment of, in the Iliad, ii. 177.
• Patronymic names of demes, iii. 63 n. 2.
• Patrôus Apollo, i. 50.
• Pattala, [xii. 235 n. 4].
• Pausanias, the historian, on the Achæans, i. 104;
  • his view of mythes, i. 414;
  • his history of the Bœotians between the siege of Troy and the Return of the Hêrakleids, ii. 16;
  • his account of the Messenian wars, ii. 425 seq., 428 seq.;
  • on Iphikrates at Corinth, B. C. 369, x. 238 n.
• Pausanias, the Spartan regent, at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 165;
  • at Platæa, v. 168 seq., 177 seq.;
  • misconduct of, after the battle of Platæa, v. 178 seq., 181;
  • conduct of, after losing the command of the Greeks, v. 269;
  • detection and death of, v. 272 seq.;
  • and Themistoklês, v. 273, 282.
• Pausanias the Spartan king, and Lysander, viii. 262;
  • his expedition to Attica, viii. 275 seq.;
  • his attack upon Peiræus, viii. 276;
  • his pacification between the Ten at Athens and the exiles at Peiræus, viii. 277 seq.;
  • in Bœotia, ix. 295 seq.;
  • condemnation of, ix. 297 seq.;
  • and the democratical leaders of Mantinea, x. 37.
• Pausanias the Macedonian, x. 249, xi. 515 seq.
• Pedaritus, vii. 399, 391, viii. 19.
• Pedieis, iii. 93.
• Pedigrees, mythical, connect gentes, i. 193.
• Pegasus, i. 4, 122.
• Peiræum, Athenian victory near, vii. 369;
  • defeat of the Athenian fleet near, vii. 381;
  • capture of, by Agesilaus, ix. 343, 345 seq.;
  • recovery of, by Iphikrates, ix. 353.
• Peiræus, fortification of, by Themistoklês, v. 249 seq.;
  • and Athens, Long Walls between, v. 324 seq., viii. 229, ix. 333 seq.;
  • improvements at, under Periklês, vi. 20;
  • departure of the armament for Sicily from, vii. 181;
  • walls built at, by the Four Hundred, viii. 63;
  • approach of the Lacedæmonian fleet under Agesandridas to, viii. 66, 71;
  • Thrasybulus at, viii. 272 seq.;
  • king Pausanias’s attack upon, viii. 276;
  • attack of Teleutias on, ix. 377 seq.;
  • attempt of Sphodrias to surprise, x. 98 seq.;
  • seizure of, by Nikanor, [xii. 346].
• Peisander, and the mutilation of the Hermæ, vii. 200;
  • and the conspiracy of the Four Hundred, viii. 8, 12, 13 seq., 21, 26, 33 seq.;
  • statements respecting, viii. 32 n.;
  • punishment of, viii. 88.
• Peisander, the Lacedæmonian admiral, ix. 274, 283.
• Peisistratids, and Thucydidês iv. 112 n. 2;
  • fall of the dynasty of, iv. 122;
  • with Xerxes in Athens, v. 115 seq.
• Peisistratus, iii. 153 seq., iv. 102 seq., 117.
• Peithias, the Korkyræan, vi. 268 seq.
• Pelasgi, ii. 261 seq.;
  • in Italy, iii. 351;
  • of Lemnos and Imbros, iv. 277.
• Pelasgikon, oracle about the, vi. 129 n. 2.
• Pelasgus, i. 173.
• Pêleus, i. 114, 187 seq.
• Pelias, i. 108 seq., 114 seq.
• Pelion and Ossa, ii. 214.
• Pella, embassies from Grecian states at, B. C. 346, xi. 404 seq.;
  • under Philip, [xii. 66].
• Pellênê, i. 318;
  • and Phlius, x. 271.
• Pelopidas, escape of, to Athens, x. 61;
  • conspiracy of, against the philo-Laconian rulers at Thebes, x. 81 seq.;
  • slaughter of Leontiades by, x. 86;
  • and Epaminondas, x. 121;
  • victory of, at Tegyra, x. 134;
  • in Thessaly, x. 249, 263, 283 seq., 303, 307 seq.;
  • and Philip, x. 249 n. 2, 264;
  • and Alexander of Pheræ, x. 282 seq.;
  • death of, x. 308.
• Pelopidas, i. 153 seq., 160.
• Peloponnesian war, its injurious effects upon the Athenian empire, vi. 46;
  • war, commencement of, vi. 103-153;
  • fleet, Phormio’s victories over, vi. 196 seq., 203 seq.;
  • war, agreement of the Peloponnesian confederacy at the commencement of, vii. 19 n.;
  • allies, synod of, at Corinth, B. C. 412, vii. 368;
  • fleet of under Theramenês, vii. 387 seq.;
  • fleet at Rhodes, vii. 400 seq., viii. 94;
  • fleet, return of, from Rhodes to Milêtus, viii. 25;
  • fleet discontent in, Milêtus, viii. 95, 97 seq.;
  • fleet, capture of, at Kyzikus, viii. 121;
  • fleet, pay of, by Cyrus, viii. 143;
  • confederacy, assembly of, at Sparta, B. C. 404, viii. 228;
  • confederacy, Athens at the head of, B. C. 371, x. 201;
  • allies of Sparta after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 280.
• Peloponnesians, immigrant, ii. 303;
  • conduct of, after the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 106;
  • and Mardonius’s approach, v. 154 seq.;
  • and the fortification of Athens, v. 243 seq., 247;
  • five years’ truce of, with Athens, v. 334;
  • position and views of, in commencing the Peloponnesian war, vi. 94 seq., 113, 124 seq.;
  • invasions of Attica, by, under Archidamus, vi. 126 seq., 154;
  • slaughter of neutral prisoners by, vi. 182;
  • and Ambrakiots attack Akarnania, vi. 194 seq.;
  • application of revolted Mitylenæans to, vi. 226 seq.;
  • and Ætolians attack Naupaktus, vi. 301;
  • and Tissaphernês, vii. 387, 395 seq., viii. 4, 21 seq., 113 seq.;
  • defeat of, at Kynossêma, viii. 109 seq.;
  • at Abydos, viii. 117;
  • aid of Pharnabazus to, viii. 126;
  • letters of Philip to, xi. 492.
• Peloponnesus, eponym of, i. 154;
  • invasion and division of, by the Hêrakleids, ii. 4;
  • mythical tide of the Dorians to, ii. 6;
  • extension of Pindus through, ii. 212;
  • distribution of, about B. C. 450, ii. 299 seq.;
  • difference between the distribution, B. C. 450 and 776, ii. 302;
  • population of, which was believed to be indigenous, ii. 303;
  • southern inhabitants of, before the Dorian invasion, ii. 337;
  • events in, during the first twenty years of the Athenian hegemony, v. 315 seq.;
  • voyage of Tolmidês round, v. 331;
  • ravages of, by the Athenians, vi. 135, 164;
  • political relations in, B. C. 421, vii. 23;
  • expedition of Alkibiadês into the interior of, vii. 63;
  • expedition of Konon and Pharnabazus to, ix. 322;
  • circumnavigation of, by Timotheus, x. 132;
  • proceedings in, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 198, 242;
  • expedition of Epaminondas to, x. 215 seq., 254 seq., 266 seq., 328 seq.;
  • state of, B. C. 362, x. 313 seq.;
  • visits of Dion to, xi. 61;
  • disunion of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 199;
  • affairs of, B. C. 354-352, xi. 290 seq.;
  • war in, B. C. 352-351, xi. 299;
  • intervention of Philip in, after B. C. 346, xi. 443;
  • expedition of Philip to, xi. 511;
  • Kassander and Polysperchon in, [xii. 360], [365];
  • Kassander and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, in, [xii. 368], [369].
• Pelops, i. 154 seq.
• Pelusium, Alexander at, [xii. 146].
• Penal procedure at Athens, iv. 366 n.
• Penestæ, Thessalian, ii. 279 seq.
• Pentakosiomedimni, iii. 117.
• Pentapolis on the south-west coast of the Euxine, [xii. 458], [472].
• Pentekontêrs, Spartan, ii. 459.
• Pentekostys, i. 458.
• Penthesileia, ii. 209, 298.
• Pentheus and Agavê, i. 262 seq.
• Perdikkas I., iv. 17.
• Perdikkas II., relations and proceedings of, towards Athens, vi. 67 seq., 71, 141, 370, 448 seq., vii. 96, 104;
  • and Sitalkês, xi. 217, 220;
  • application of, to Sparta, vi. 398;
  • and Brasidas, relations between, vi. 369, 448, 450 seq.;
  • joins Sparta and Argos, vii. 96;
  • death of, x. 46.
• Perdikkas, brother of Philip, x. 300, 301, 370, 382, xi. 205 seq.
• Perdikkas, Alexander’s general, [xii. 256], [319], [333] seq., [337].
• Pergamum, i. 286 n. 5, 324.
• Pergamus, custom in the temple of Asklêpius at, i. 301 n. 4.
• Pergamus in Mysia, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 172 seq.
• Periander, the Corinthian despot, power and character of, iii. 41 seq.
• Perikles, difference between the democracy after, and the constitution of Kleisthenês, iv. 148;
  • effect of, on constitutional morality, iv. 163;
  • at the battle of Tanagra, v. 328;
  • expeditions of, to Sikyon and Akarnania, v. 332;
  • policy of, B. C. 450, v. 342;
  • reconquest of Eubœa by, v. 349;
  • and Ephialtês, constitution of dikasteries by, v. 355 seq.;
  • and Kimon, v. 362 seq.;
  • public life and character of, v. 362 seq.;
  • and Ephialtês, judicial reform of, v. 355 seq., 366 seq.;
  • real nature of the constitutional changes effected by, v. 367 seq.;
  • commencement of the ascendancy of, v. 370;
  • and Kimon, compromise between, v. 329, 371;
  • his conception of the relation between Athens and her allies, vi. 4;
  • and Athenian kleruchs by, vi. 10;
  • and Thucydidês, son of Melêsias, vi. 15 seq.;
  • Pan-Hellenic schemes and sentiment of, vi. 18;
  • city-improvements at Athens under, vi. 20 seq., 23 seq.;
  • sculpture at Athens under, vi. 22;
  • attempt of, to convene a Grecian congress at Athens, vi. 25;
  • Sophoklês, etc., Athenian armament under, vi. 27 seq.;
  • funeral orations of, vi. 31, 143 seq.;
  • demand of the Spartans for his banishment, vi. 97, 105;
  • indirect attacks of his political opponents upon, vi. 98 seq.;
  • his family relations, and connection with Aspasia, vi. 101, 102;
  • charge of peculation against, vi. 103 seq.;
  • stories of his having caused the Peloponnesian war, vi. 104 n.;
  • speech of, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 107 seq.;
  • and the ravages of Attica by Archidamus, vi. 128 seq.;
  • last speech of, [xii. 165] seq.;
  • accusation and punishment of, vi. 168 seq.;
  • old age and death of, vi. 170 seq.;
  • life and character of, vi. 172 seq.;
  • new class of politicians at Athens after, vi. 171 seq.;
  • and Nikias compared, vi. 287.
• Perriklymenos, i. 112 seq.
• Perinthus, iv. 27;
  • and Athens, viii. 126, xi. 461;
  • siege of, by Philip, xi. 454, 458.
• Periœki, ii. 364 seq., 369, 371 n. 2;
  • Libyan, iv. 40, 42, 45.
• Pêrô, Bias and Melampus, i. 110 seq.
• Perseid dynasty, i. 91.
• Persephonê, i. 10;
  • mysteries of, v. 208 n. 2.
• Persepolis, Alexander’s march from Susa to, [xii. 170] seq.;
  • Alexander at, [xii. 172] seq., [237];
  • Alexander’s return from India to, [xii. 237].
• Persês, i. 6.
• Perseus, exploits of, i. 89 seq.
• Persia, application of Athens for alliance with, iv. 165;
  • state of, on the formation of the confederacy of Delos, v. 267;
  • treatment of Themistoklês in, v. 284 seq.;
  • operations of Athens and the Delian confederacy against, v. 303 seq.;
  • and Athens, treaty between, B. C. 450, v. 335 seq.;
  • Asiatic Greeks not tributary to, between B. C. 477-412, v. 337 n. 2;
  • surrender of the Asiatic Greeks by Sparta to, ix. 205;
  • and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 385 seq., x. 2 seq., 158;
  • applications of Sparta and Athens to, x. 5 seq.;
  • hostility of, to Sparta after the battle of Ægospotami, x. 8;
  • unavailing efforts of, to reconquer Egypt, x. 13;
  • and Evagoras, x. 20 seq.;
  • Spartan project against, for the rescue of the Asiatic Greeks, x. 44;
  • application of Thebes to, x. 277 seq.;
  • embassy from Athens to, B. C. 366, x. 293;
  • state of, B. C. 362, x. 360, 366;
  • alarm at Athens about, B. C. 354, xi. 285;
  • projected invasion of, by Philip, xi. 511 seq.;
  • correspondence of Demosthenes with, [xii. 20] seq.;
  • accumulation of royal treasures in, [xii. 175 n. 3];
  • roads in, [xii. 180 n.]
• Persian version of the legend of Io, i. 86;
  • noblemen, conspiracy of, against the false Smerdis, iv. 223 seq.;
  • empire, organization of, by Darius Hystaspês, iv. 233 seq.;
  • envoys to Macedonia, iv. 276;
  • armament against Cyprus, iv. 292;
  • force against Milêtus, iv. 299;
  • fleet at Ladê, iv. 304;
  • fleet and Asiatic Greeks, iv. 307;
  • armament under Datis, iv. 329 seq., 345;
  • fleet before the battle of Salamis, v. 85 seq., 99 seq., 113, 119, 125, 127 nn.;
  • army, march of, from Thermopylæ to Attica, v. 114 seq.;
  • fleet at Salamis, v. 130 seq.;
  • fleet after the battle of Salamis, v. 137, 147;
  • army under Mardonius, v. 154 seq.;
  • fleet at Mykalê, v. 191;
  • army at Mykalê, v. 193;
  • army, after the defeat at Mykalê, v. 198;
  • war effect of, upon Athenian political sentiment, v. 274;
  • kings, from Xerxes to Artaxerxes Mnemon, vi. 362 seq.;
  • cavalry, and the retreating Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 89 seq.;
  • empire, distribution of, into satrapies and subsatrapies, ix. 209;
  • preparations for maritime war against Sparta, B. C. 397, ix. 255, 268;
  • king, Thebans obtain money from, xi. 302;
  • forces in Phrygia on Alexander’s landing, [xii. 75], [78];
  • Gates, Alexander at, [xii. 171];
  • fleet and armies, hopes raised in Greece by, B. C. 334-331, [xii. 276].
• Persians, condition of, at the rise of Cyrus the Great, iv. 187;
  • conquests of, under Cyrus the Great, iv. 209, 216 seq.;
  • the first who visited Greece, iv. 257 seq.;
  • conquest of Thrace by, under Darius Hystaspês, iv. 273;
  • successes of, against the revolted coast of Asia Minor, iv. 289;
  • attempts of, to disunite the Ionians at Ladê, iv. 300;
  • narrow escape of Miltiadês from, iv. 307;
  • cruelties of, at Milêtus, iv. 308;
  • attempted revolt of Thasos from, iv. 314;
  • at Marathon, iv. 333, 345 seq.;
  • after the battle of Marathon, iv. 351, 352;
  • change of Grecian feeling towards, after the battle of Marathon, iv. 355;
  • their religious conception of history, v. 10;
  • at Thermopylæ, v. 83, 85 seq.;
  • in Psyttaleia, v. 128, 136;
  • at Salamis, v. 131 seq.;
  • at Platæa, v. 163 seq.;
  • at Mykalê, v. 197;
  • between Xerxes and Darius Codomannus, v. 241;
  • necessity of Grecian activity against, after the battles of Platæa and Mykalê, v. 296;
  • mutilation inflicted by, ix. 9;
  • heralds from, to the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 52;
  • impotence and timidity of, ix. 75;
  • imprudence of, in letting Alexander cross the Hellespont, [xii. 78];
  • defeat of, at the Granikus, [xii. 80] seq.;
  • defeat of, at Issus, [xii. 118] seq.;
  • incorporation of, in the Macedonian phalanx, [xii. 251].
• Persis, subjugation of, by Alexander, [xii. 177];
  • Alexander’s return from India to, [xii. 237].
• Personages, quasi-human, in Grecian mythology, i. 342 seq.
• Personal ascendency of the king in legendary Greece, ii. 61;
  • feeling towards the gods, the king, or individuals in legendary Greece, ii. 80 seq.;
  • sympathies the earliest form of social existence, ii. 84.
• Personalities, great predominance of, in Grecian legend, ii. 74.
• Personality of divine agents in mythes, i. 2.
• Personification, tendency of the ancient Greeks to, i. 342 seq.;
  • of the heavenly bodies by Boiocalus, the German chief, i. 345 n.
• Pestilence and suffering at Athens after the Kylonian massacre, iii. 84.
• Petalism at Syracuse, iv. 163, vii. 122.
• Peuke, [xii. 23], [25 n. 2].
• Peukestes, [xii. 234], [238].
• Pezetæri, [xii. 59].
• Phæax, expedition of, to Sicily, vii. 143.
• Phalækus succeeds to the command of the Phokians, xi. 301;
  • decline of the Phokians under, xi. 374, 418;
  • opposition to, in Phokis, xi. 375;
  • opposition of, to aid from Athens to Thermopylæ, xi. 376;
  • position of, at Thermopylæ, xi. 375, 418 seq.;
  • death of, xi. 434.
• Phalanthus, œkist of Tarentum, iii. 387 seq.
• Phalanx, Macedonian, xi. 501, [xii. 57] seq., [251].
• Phalaris, iv. 378, v. 204.
• Phalerium, Xerxes at, v. 118.
• Phalinus, ix. 52.
• Phanes, and Zeus, i. 18.
• Phanosthenes, viii. 159.
• Pharakidas, x. 504 seq.
• Pharax, ix. 270, 271 n. 3.
• Pharax the officer of Dionysius, xi. 115, 116, 133.
• Pharis, conquest of, ii. 420.
• Pharnabazus and Tissaphernês, embassy from, to Sparta, vii. 366;
  • and Derkyllidas, viii. 94;
  • and Athens, viii. 114, 125;
  • Athenian victory over, viii. 130;
  • convention of, about Chalkêdon, viii. 132;
  • and Alkibiades, viii. 133, 311 seq.;
  • and Greek envoys, viii. 135, 137;
  • after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 311;
  • and Anaxibius, ix. 154, 166;
  • and Lysander, ix. 204;
  • and the subsatrapy of Æolis, ix. 210 seq.;
  • and Agesilaus, ix. 269, 279 seq.;
  • and Konon, ix. 283, 322, 325 seq.;
  • and Abydos, ix. 324;
  • and the anti-Spartan allies at Corinth, ix. 327;
  • and the Syracusans, x. 386;
  • anti-Macedonian efforts of, [xii. 127];
  • capture of, with his force, at Chios, [xii. 142].
• Pharsalus, Polydamas of, x. 137 seq.;
  • and Halus, xi. 411.
• Phaselis, Alexander at, [xii. 100].
• Phayllus, xi. 293, 297 seq., 301.
• Pheidias, vi. 23, 102.
• Pheidôn the Temenid, ii. 314;
  • claims and projects of, as representative of Hêraklês, ii. 316;
  • and the Olympic games, ii. 316 seq.;
  • coinage and scale of, ii. 318 seq., 323 seq.;
  • various descriptions of, ii. 320.
• Pheidôn, one of the Thirty, viii. 271, 293.
• Phenicia, ante-Hellenic colonies from, to Greece not probable, ii. 262 seq.;
  • situation and cities of, iii. 267;
  • reconquest of, by Darius Nothus, xi. 438, 440 n. 3;
  • Alexander in, [xii. 130] seq., [150].
• Phenician version of the legend of Io, i. 86;
  • colonies, iii. 271 seq.;
  • fleet at Aspendus, viii. 99, 100, 114;
  • towns, surrender of, to Alexander, [xii. 130], [132].
• Phenicians in Homeric times, ii. 103 seq.;
  • historical, iii. 204, 289, 303, 308, 342 seq.;
  • and Persians, subjugation of Cyprus by, iv. 293;
  • and Persians at Milêtus, iv. 300 seq.;
  • and Persians, reconquest of Asiatic Greeks by, iv. 307;
  • and the cutting through Athos, v. 24;
  • and Greeks in Sicily, v. 207;
  • in Cyprus, x. 14 seq.
• Pheræ, Jason of, x. 138 seq., x. 147 n., 153, 189 seq., 195 seq.
• Pheræ, Alexander of, x. 248, xi. 202 seq.;
  • despots of, xi. 202 seq.;
  • Philip and the despots of, xi. 261, 292, 294 seq.;
  • Philip takes the oath of alliance with Athens at, xi. 417;
  • Alexander of, and Pelopidas, 256, 277 seq., 297, 301 seq.;
  • Alexander of, subdued by the Thebans, x. 309 seq.;
  • hostilities of Alexander of, against Athens, x. 369.
• Pherekydes, i. 390, iv. 390.
• Phretime, iv. 45 seq.
• Philæus, eponym of an Attic dême, i. 189.
• Philaidæ, origin of, i. 189.
• Philip of Macedon, detained as a hostage at Thebes, x. 249 n. 1, 263, xi. 207 seq.;
  • accession of, x. 382, xi. 212 seq.;
  • as subordinate governor in Macedonia, xi. 207, 208;
  • position of, on the death of Perdikkas, xi. 209;
  • capture of Amphipolis by, xi. 232 seq.;
  • his alliance with Olynthus and hostilities against Athens, xi. 236 seq.;
  • capture of Pydna and Potidæa by, xi. 237 seq.;
  • increased power of, B. C. 358-356, xi. 239;
  • marriage of, with Olympias, xi. 240;
  • intrigue of, with Kersobleptes against Athens, xi. 158;
  • his activity, and conquest of Methônê, xi. 259 seq.;
  • and the despots of Pheræ, xi. 261, 292 seq.;
  • development of Macedonian military force under, xi. 282 seq.;
  • and Onomarchus, xi. 293;
  • conquest of Pheræ and Pagasæ by, xi. 295;
  • checked at Thermopylæ by the Athenians, xi. 296;
  • power and attitude of, B. C. 352-351, xi. 322;
  • naval power and operations of, B. C. 351, xi. 297 seq.;
  • in Thrace, B. C. 351, xi. 301;
  • hostility of, to Olynthus, B. C. 351-350, xi. 320;
  • flight of his half-brothers to Olynthus, xi. 321;
  • intrigues of, in Olynthus, xi. 322;
  • destruction of the Olynthian confederacy by, xi. 324, 325, 331, 350 seq., 364;
  • Athenian expedition to Olynthus against, xi. 334;
  • intrigues of, in Eubœa, xi. 339;
  • and Athens, overtures for peace between, B. C. 348, xi. 369 seq.;
  • Thebans invoke the aid of, against the Phokians, xi. 375;
  • and Thermopylæ, xi. 377, 407, 410, 416, 421, 424;
  • embassies from Athens to, xi. 375 seq., 401 seq., 422;
  • envoys to Athens from, xi. 386, 387, 390, 398, 401;
  • synod of allies at Athens about, xi. 388;
  • peace and alliance between Athens, and, xi. 390 seq., 409, 429 seq., 442, 446 seq.;
  • fabrications of Æschines and Philokrates about, xi. 398, 408, 409, 412 seq.;
  • in Thrace, xi. 402, 404, 450 seq.;
  • letter of, taken by Æschines to Athens, xi. 410, 416;
  • surrender of Phokis to, xi. 421;
  • declared sympathy of, with the Thebans, B. C. 346, xi. 421;
  • visit of Æschines to, in Phokis, xi. 423;
  • admitted into the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 425;
  • ascendancy of, B. C. 346, xi. 428 seq.;
  • named president of the Pythian festival, xi. 428;
  • position of, after the Sacred War, xi. 434;
  • letter of Isokrates to, xi. 436;
  • movements of, after B. C. 346, xi. 443 seq.;
  • warnings of Demosthenês against, after B. C. 346, xi. 444;
  • mission of Python from, to Athens, xi. 446;
  • and Athens, dispute between about Halonnesus, xi. 448 seq.;
  • and Kardia, xi. 450;
  • and Athens, disputes between, about the Bosporus and Hellespont, xi. 450;
  • at Perinthus and the Chersonese, xi. 454, 458 seq.;
  • and Athens, declaration of war between, xi. 454 seq.;
  • makes peace with Byzantium, Chios, and other islands, attacks the Scythians, and is defeated by the Triballi, xi. 461;
  • and the Amphissians, xi. 480 seq., 497;
  • re-fortification of Elateia by, xi. 482, 484 seq.;
  • application of, to Thebes for aid in attacking the Athenians, xi. 483 seq., 489;
  • alliance of Athens and Thebes against, xi. 490 seq., 593 seq.;
  • letters of, to the Peloponnesians for aid, xi. 492;
  • victory of, at Chæroneia, xi. 497 seq., 505;
  • military organization of, xi. 501, [xii. 56] seq.;
  • and the Athenians, peace of Demades between, xi. 507 seq.;
  • honorary votes at Athens in favor of, xi. 509;
  • expedition of, into Peloponnesus, xi. 510;
  • at the congress at Corinth, xi. 511;
  • preparations of, for the invasion of Persia, xi. 512;
  • repudiates Olympias, and marries Kleopatra, xi. 512;
  • and Alexander, dissensions between, xi. 513;
  • assassination of, xi. 514 seq., [xii. 6] seq.;
  • character of, xi. 519 seq.;
  • discord in the family of, [xii. 4];
  • military condition of Macedonia before, [xii. 55].
• Philip Aridæus, [xii. 319], [334].
• Philippi, foundation of, xi. 241.
• Philippics of Demosthenes, xi. 309 seq., 445, 451.
• Philippizing factions in Megara and Eubœa, xi. 448.
• Philippus, the Theban polemarch, x. 82, 85.
• Philippus, Alexander’s physician, [xii. 113].
• Philiskus, x. 261.
• Philistides, xi. 449, 452.
• Philistus, his treatment of mythes, i. 410;
  • banishment of, xi. 33;
  • recall of, xi. 67;
  • intrigues of, against Plato and Dion, xi. 76;
  • tries to intercept Dion in the Gulf of Tarentum, xi. 89;
  • at Leontini, xi. 99;
  • defeat and death of, xi. 100.
• Philokrates, motion of, to allow Philip to send envoys to Athens, xi. 371;
  • motion of, to send envoys to Philip, xi. 379;
  • motion of, for peace and alliance with Philip, xi. 390 seq., 416;
  • fabrications of, about Philip, xi. 398, 408, 409, 412;
  • impeachment and condemnation of, xi. 433.
• Philoktetes, i. 301, 310.
• Philolaus and Dioklês, ii. 297.
• Philomela, i. 196 seq.
• Philomelus, xi. 245;
  • seizes the temple at Delphi, xi. 248;
  • and Archidamus, xi. 247;
  • and the Pythia at Delphi, xi. 250;
  • successful battles of, with the Lokrians, xi. 251;
  • defeat and death of, xi. 255;
  • takes part of the treasures in the temple at Delphi, xi. 252.
• Philonomus and the Spartan Dorians, ii. 327.
• Philosophers, mythes allegorized by, i. 418 seq.
• Philosophy, Homeric and Hesiodic, i. 368;
  • Ionic, i. 372 n. 2;
  • ethical and social among the Greeks, iv. 76.
• Philotas, alleged conspiracy, and execution of, [xii. 190] seq., [197 n. 2].
• Philoxenus and Dionysius, xi. 26.
• Phineus, i. 199, 235.
• Phlegyæ, the, i. 128.
• Phlius, return of philo-Laconian exiles to, x. 42;
  • intervention of Sparta with, x. 70;
  • surrender of, to Agesilaus, x. 70 seq.;
  • application of, to Athens, x. 234 seq.;
  • fidelity of, to Sparta, x. 257, 270;
  • invasion of, by Euphron, x. 270;
  • and Pellênê, x. 271;
  • assistance of Chares to, x. 272;
  • and Thebes, x. 290 seq.
• Phœbe, i. 5, 6.
• Phœbidas, at Thebes, x. 58 seq., 62, 63, 128.
• Phœnissæ of Phrynichus, v. 138 n. 1.
• Phœnix, i. 257.
• Phôkæa, foundation of, iii. 188;
  • surrender of, to Harpagus, iv. 203;
  • Alkibiadês at, viii. 152.
• Phôkæan colonies at Atalia and Elea, iv. 206.
• Phôkæans, exploring voyages of, iii. 281;
  • effects of their exploring voyages upon Grecian knowledge and fancy, iii. 282;
  • emigration of, iv. 205 seq.
• Phokian defensive wall at Thermopylæ, ii. 283;
  • townships, ravage of, by Xerxes’s army, v. 114.
• Phokians, ii. 288;
  • application of Leonidas to, v. 76;
  • at Leuktra, x. 181, 182;
  • and the presidency of the temple at Delphi, xi. 245 seq.;
  • Thebans strive to form a confederacy against, xi. 251;
  • take the treasures of the temple at Delphi, xi. 252, 255, 297, 374;
  • war of, with the Lokrians, Thebans, and Thessalians, xi. 254;
  • under Onomarchus, xi. 261, 293;
  • under Phayllus, xi. 297 seq.;
  • under Phalækus, xi. 374, 418;
  • Thebans invoke the aid of Philip against, xi. 375;
  • application of, to Athens, xi. 376;
  • exclusion of, from the peace and alliance between Philip and Athens, xi. 396 seq., 411;
  • envoys from, to Philip, xi. 404, 406;
  • motion of Philokrates about, xi. 416;
  • at Thermopylæ, xi. 418 seq.;
  • treatment of, after their surrender to Philip, xi. 425 seq.;
  • restoration of, by the Thebans and Athenians, xi. 493.
• Phokion, first exploits of, x. 131;
  • character and policy of, xi. 273 seq., 308, [xii. 278], [311], [357] seq.;
  • in Eubœa, xi. 340 seq., 452;
  • at Megara, xi. 449;
  • in the Propontis, xi. 460;
  • and Alexander’s demand that the anti-Macedonian leaders at Athens should be surrendered, [xii. 46], [47];
  • and Demades, embassy of, to Antipater, [xii. 322];
  • at Athens under Antipater, [xii. 324];
  • and Nikanor, [xii. 339], 346 seq.;
  • and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, [xii. 348];
  • condemnation and death of, [xii. 349] seq.;
  • altered sentiment of the Athenians towards, after his death, [xii. 357].
• Phokis, acquisition of, by Athens, v. 331;
  • loss of, by Athens, v. 348;
  • invasion of, by the Thebans, B. C. 374, x. 136;
  • accusation of Thebes against, before the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 243;
  • resistance of, to the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 246 seq.;
  • Philip in, xi. 421, 482, 492 seq.
• Phôkus, i. 185.
• Phokylidês, iv. 92.
• Phorkys and Kêtô, progeny of, i. 7.
• Phormio at Potidæa, vi. 74;
  • at Amphilochian Argos, vi. 121;
  • at Naupaktus, vi. 180;
  • his victories over the Peloponnesian fleet, vi. 199 seq., 206 seq.;
  • in Akarnania, vi. 213;
  • his later history, vi. 277 n.
• Phormisius, disfranchising proposition of, viii. 294.
• Phorôneus, i. 82, 83.
• Phraortês, iii. 228.
• Phratries, iii. 52 seq., 63;
  • and gentes, non-members of, iii. 133.
• Phrikônis, iii. 192.
• Phrygia, Persian forces in, on Alexander’s landing, [xii. 75], [78];
  • submission of, to Alexander, [xii. 89].
• Phrygian influence on the religion of the Greeks, i. 26, 28;
  • music and worship, iii. 213 seq.
• Phrygians and Trojans, i. 335;
  • and Thracians, iii. 210, 213;
  • ethnical affinities and early distribution of, iii. 209 seq.
• Phrynichus the tragedian, his capture of Milêtus, iv. 309;
  • his Phœnissæ, v. 138, n. 1.
• Phrynichus the commander, at Milêtus, vii. 388;
  • and Amorgês, vii. 389 n. 1;
  • and Alkibiadês, viii. 10 seq.;
  • deposition of, viii. 15;
  • and the Four Hundred, viii. 11, 58 seq.;
  • assassination of, viii. 66, 85, n.;
  • decree respecting the memory of, viii. 85.
• Phrynon, xi. 370.
• Phryxus and Hellê, i. 123 seq.
• Phthiôtis and Deukalion, i. 96.
• Φύσις, first use of, in the sense of nature, i. 368.
• Phyê-Athênê, iv. 104.
• Phylarch, Athenian, ii. 461.
• Phylê, occupation of, by Thrasybulus, viii. 265.
• Phyllidas and the conspiracy against the philo-Laconian oligarchy at Thebes, x. 81 seq.
• Physical astronomy thought impious by ancient Greeks, i. 346 n.;
  • science, commencement of, among the Greeks, i. 368.
• Phytalids, their tale of Dêmêtêr, i. 44.
• Phyton, xi. 18 seq.
• Pierians, original seat of, iv. 14.
• Piété, Monts de, iii. 162.
• Πῖλοι of the Lacedæmonians in Sphakteria, vi. 344 n.
• Pinarus, Alexander and Darius on the, [xii. 118] seq.
• Pindar, his treatment of mythes, i. 378 seq.
• Pindus, ii. 211 seq.
• Piracy in early Greece, ii. 90, 113.
• Pisa and Ellis, relations of, ii. 439.
• Pisatans and the Olympic games, ii. 318, 434, ix. 228, x. 318 seq.;
  • and Eloians, ii. 434, 439.
• Pisatic sovereignty of Pelops, i. 157.
• Pisidia, conquest of, by Alexander, [xii. 99].
• Pissuthnes, vi. 26, 28, ix. 8.
• Pitane, iii. 190.
• Pittakus, power and merit of, iii. 198 seq.
• Plague at Athens, vi. 154 seq.;
  • revival of, vi. 293.
• Platæa, and Thebes, disputes between, iv. 166;
  • and Athens, first connection of, iv. 165;
  • battle of, v. 164 seq.;
  • revelation of the victory of, at Mykalê the same day, v. 194;
  • night-surprise of, by the Thebans, vi. 114 seq.;
  • siege of, by Archidamus, vi. 188 seq.;
  • surrender of, to the Lacedæmonians, vi. 264 seq.;
  • restoration of, by Sparta, x. 30 seq.;
  • capture of, by the Thebans, x. 159 seq.
• Platæans at Marathon, iv. 248.
• Plato, his treatment of mythes, i. 441;
  • on the return of the Hêrakleids, ii. 6;
  • on homicide, ii. 96 n.;
  • his Republic and the Lykurgean institutions, ii. 390;
  • and the Sophists, viii. 345-399;
  • and Xenophon, evidence of, about Sokratês, viii. 403 seq., 444 n., 450 n.;
  • his extension and improvement of the formal logic founded by Sokratês, viii. 429;
  • purpose of his dialogues, viii. 453;
  • incorrect assertions in the Menexenus of, ix. 360 n.;
  • the letters of, x. 435 n. 1;
  • and Dionysius the Elder, xi. 38, 60;
  • and Dion, xi. 39, 57 seq., 69, 84;
  • and Dionysius the Younger, xi. 52, 69-80;
  • Dion, and the Pythagoreans, xi. 56 seq.;
  • statements and advice of, on the condition of Syracuse, xi. 130 seq.;
  • and the kings of Macedonia, xi. 206.
• Plausible fiction, i. 435, ii. 51.
• Pleistoanax, v. 349, 429 seq.
• Plemmyrium, vii. 270, 290 seq.
• Plutarch and Lykurgus, ii. 337, 343, 403 seq.;
  • on the ephor Epitadeus, ii. 405;
  • and Herodotus, iv. 202 n., v. 6 n. 2;
  • on Periklês, vi. 172.
• Plutarch of Eretria, xi. 340 seq.
• Plyntêria, viii. 144.
• Podaleirus and Machaôn, i. 180.
• Podarkês, birth of, i. 110.
• Poems, lost epic, ii. 120;
  • epic, recited in public, not read in private, ii. 135.
• Poetry, Greek, transition of, from the mythical past to the positive present, i. 349;
  • epic, ii. 117 seq.;
  • epic, Homeric and Hesiodic, ii. 118;
  • didactic and mystic hexameter, ii. 119;
  • lyric and choric, intended for the ear, ii. 137;
  • Greek, advances of, within a century and a half after Terpander, iv. 77.
• Poets inspired by the Muse, i. 355;
  • iambic, elegiac, and lyric, predominance of the present in, i. 363;
  • and logographers, their treatment of mythes, i. 377 seq.;
  • early, chronological evidence of, ii. 45 seq.;
  • epic, and their probable dates, ii. 122;
  • cyclic, ii. 123 seq.;
  • gnomic or moralizing, iv. 91 seq.
• Polemarch, Athenian, iii. 74.
• Polemarchs, Spartan, ii. 459.
• Polemarchus, viii. 248.
• Political clubs at Athens, viii. 15.
• Politicians, new class of, at Athens, after Periklês, vi. 245 seq.
• Pollis, defeat of, by Chabrias, x. 130.
• Pollux and Castor, i. 171 seq.
• Polyarchus, xi. 154.
• Polybiades, x. 68.
• Polybius, his transformation of mythes to history, i. 412;
  • perplexing statement of, respecting the war between Sybaris and Kroton, iv. 416;
  • the Greece of, [xii. 318].
• Polychares, and Euæphnus, ii. 426.
• Polydamas of Pharsalus, x. 137 seq.
• Polydamas the Macedonian, [xii. 197].
• Polydamidas, at Mendê, vi. 440 seq.
• Polykrates of Samos, iv. 241 seq.
• Polykrates the Sophist, harangue of, on the accusation against Sokratês, viii. 478 n.
• Polynikes, i. 267, 269 seq., 273, 280.
• Polyphron, x. 248.
• Polysperchon, appointed by Antipater as his successor, [xii. 339];
  • plans of, [xii. 340];
  • edict of, at Pella, [xii. 343] seq.;
  • Phokion and Agnonides heard before, [xii. 351] seq.;
  • and Kassander, [xii. 360], [372], [382];
  • flight of, Ætalia, [xii. 367].
• Polystratus, one of the Four Hundred, viii. 68 n. 1, 69 n., 78, 88.
• Polyxena, death of, i. 305.
• Polyzelus and Hiero, v. 228.
• Pompey in Colchis, i. 243.
• Pontic Greeks, [xii. 458] seq.
• Pontic Herakleia, [xii. 460]-471.
• Pontus and Gæa, children of, i. 7.
• Popular belief in ancient mythes, i. 424, 427.
• Porus, [xii. 227] seq.
• Poseidôn, i. 6, 9, 56;
  • prominence of, in Æolid legends, i. 110;
  • Erechtheus, i. 192, 193;
  • and Athênê, i. 195;
  • and Laomedôn, i. 285.
• Positive evidence indispensable to historical proof, i. 429.
• Positive tendencies of the Greek mind in the time of Herodotus, iv. 105 n.
• Post-Homeric poems on the Trojan war, i. 297.
• Potidæa and Artabazus, v. 149;
  • relations of, with Corinth and Athens, vi. 67;
  • designs of Perdikkas and the Corinthians upon, vi. 68;
  • revolt of, from Athens, vi. 69 seq.;
  • Athenian victory near, vi. 73;
  • blockade of, by the Athenians, vi. 74, 140, 164, 182;
  • Brasidas’s attempt upon, vi. 150;
  • capture of, by Philip and the Olynthians, xi. 238.
• Prasiæ, expedition of Pythodôrus to, vii. 285.
• Praxitas, ix. 327 n. 1, 333 seq.
• Priam, i. 285, 292 n. 5, 304.
• Priene, iii. 172, 178, vi. 26.
• Priests, Egyptian, iii. 314.
• Primitive and historical Greece, ii. 57-118.
• Private property, rights of, at Athens, viii. 304.
• Probability alone not sufficient for historical proof, i. 429.
• Pro-Bouleutic Senate, Solon’s, iii. 121.
• Probûli, board of, vii. 362.
• Prodikus, viii. 370, 380 seq.
• Prœtos and his daughters, i. 88 seq.
• Proknê, i. 197 seq.
• Prokris, i. 198.
• Promêtheus, i. 6;
  • and Zeus, i. 63, 76, 79 seq.;
  • and Pandora, i. 75;
  • and Epimêtheus, i. 75;
  • Æschylus’s, i. 382 n. 3.
• Property, rights of, at Athens, iii. 106, 114 seq.
• Prophecies, Sibylline, i. 338.
• Propontis, Phokion in, xi. 460.
• Propylæa, building of, vi. 21, 23 n. 4.
• Prose writing among the Greeks, iv. 97.
• Protagoras, viii. 376, 379 seq., 389 seq., 392 n.
• Protesilaus, i. 290, v. 201.
• Prothoüs, x. 176.
• Proxenus of Tegea, x. 209.
• Prytaneium, Solon’s regulations about, iii. 143.
• Prytanes, iv. 138.
• Prytanies, iv. 138.
• Prytanis, [xii. 485].
• Psammenitus, iv. 219.
• Psammetichus I., iii. 325 seq.
• Psammetichus and Tamos, x. 13.
• Psammis, iii. 333.
• Psephism, Demophantus’s democratical, viii. 81.
• Psephisms and laws, distinction between, v. 373.
• Psyttaleia, Persian troops in, v. 128, 136.
• Ptolemy of Alôrus, x. 249, 250;
  • and Pelopidas, x. 263;
  • assassination of, x. 300.
• Ptolemy of Egypt, attack of Perdikkas on, [xii. 335];
  • alliance of, with Kassander, Lysimachus and Seleukus against Antigonus, [xii. 367], [372], [383], [387];
  • proclamations of, to the Greeks, [xii. 369];
  • Lysimachus and Kassander, pacification of, with Antigonus, [xii. 371];
  • in Greece, [xii. 373].
• Ptolemy, nephew of Antigonus, [xii. 370].
• Public speaking, its early origin and intellectual effects, ii. 77 seq.
• Punjab, Alexander’s conquests in the, [xii. 227] seq.
• Purification for homicide, i. 25, 26.
• Pydna, siege of, by Archestratus, vi. 70;
  • siege of, by Archelaus, viii. 118;
  • and Philip, xi. 236, 237.
• Pylæ, in Babylonia, ix. 36 n. 2., 43 n.
• Pylagoræ, ii. 247.
• Pylians, ii. 12, 335.
• Pylus, attack of Hêraklês on, i. 110;
  • long independence of, ii. 331 n. 2;
  • occupation and fortification of, by the Athenians, vi. 317 seq.;
  • armistice concluded at, vi. 324, 332;
  • Kleon’s expedition to, vi. 365 seq.;
  • cession of, demanded by the Lacedæmonians, vii. 29;
  • helots brought back to, by the Athenians, vii. 70;
  • recapture of, by the Lacedæmonians, viii. 131.
• Pyramids, Egyptian, iii. 321.
• Pyrrha and Deukaliôn, i. 96.
• Pyrrho and Sokratês, viii. 489 n.
• Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, i. 188.
• Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, and Antipater, son of Kassander, [xii. 389].
• Pythagoras, the philosopher, i. 367 seq., iv. 390-411, 416.
• Pythagoras, the Ephesian despot, iii. 182.
• Pythagorean order, iv. 395, 403 seq., 416.
• Pythagoreans, logical distinction of genera and species unknown to, viii. 427 n. 2;
  • Plato, and Dion, xi. 57 seq.
• Pytheas, [xii. 457].
• Pythia, the, at Delphi, and Philomelus, xi. 250.
• Pythian Apollo, i. 47.
• Pythian games, ii. 240, 243, iv. 58, 63 seq., iv. 65, x. 137 n. 1, 195, xi. 428.
• Pythius, the Phrygian, v. 27.
• Pythodôrus, vii. 133, 139, 285.
• Python, mission of, to Athens, xi. 446.
• Pythonikus, vii. 175, 197.

• Q.
• Quadriremes, x. 479.
• Quinqueremes, v. 47 n. 2, x. 479.
• R.
• Races of men in “Works and Days”, i. 64 seq.
• Religious ceremonies a source of mythes, i. 62, 63, 451 seq.;
  • views paramount in the Homeric age, i. 357;
  • views, opposition of, to scientific, among the Greeks, i. 358, 370 seq.;
  • festivals, Grecian, iv. 53, 67 seq., xi. 353;
  • associations, effect of, on early Grecian art, iv. 99.
• Reply to criticisms on the first two volumes of this history, i. 408 n.
• Rhadamanthus and Minôs, i. 219.
• Rhapsodes, ii. 129, 137 seq.
• Rhea, i. 5, 6.
• Rhegians and Tarentines, expedition of, against the Iapygians, v. 238.
• Rhegium, iii. 383;
  • the chorus sent from Messênê to, iv. 53 n. 1;
  • and Athens, vii. 128 n. 3;
  • the Athenian fleet near, B. C. 425, vii. 134;
  • progress of the Athenian armament for Sicily to, vii. 181;
  • discouragement of the Athenians at, vii. 190;
  • relations of, with Dionysius, B. C. 399, x. 474 seq.;
  • and Dionysius, xi. 5, 71, 11, 16 seq.;
  • and Dionysius the Younger, xi. 133;
  • Timoleon at, xi. 144 seq.
• Rhetoric, v. 402, viii. 335, 339, 346 seq.
• Rhetors and sophists, v. 402 seq.
• Rhetra, the primitive constitutional, ii. 344 n. 2, 345 n. 2.
• Rhetræ, the Three Lykurgean, ii. 355 n. 3.
• Rhienus and the second Messenian war, ii. 430.
• Rhium, Phormio in the Gulf at, vi. 196 seq.
• Rhodes, founder of, ii. 30;
  • dikasteries at, v. 384 n. 2;
  • and the Olympic games, vii. 52 n. 4;
  • the Peloponnesian fleet at, vii. 399, 400 seq., viii. 94, ix. 368, 373;
  • Dorieus at, viii. 116;
  • revolt of, from Sparta, ix. 271;
  • revolt of, from Athens, xi. 220 seq.;
  • siege of, by Demetrius Poliorketes, [xii. 381].
• Rhodians and the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 504.
• Rhodôpis, iii. 337 n. 2.
• Rhœkus of Samos, iv. 100.
• Rhœsakes, [xii. 84].
• Rites, post-Homeric, i. 27, 28;
  • ecstatic, i. 30 seq.
• Rivers, mythical personages identified with, i. 342 n. 2;
  • of Greece, ii. 217.
• Robbery, violent, how regarded in Greece and Europe, ii. 111 n. 2.
• Romances of chivalry, i. 475, ii. 156 n. 2.
• Roman kings, authority of, ii. 68 n. 3.
• Roman law of debtor and creditor, iii. 159 seq.
• Romans, respect of, for Illium, i. 327;
  • belief of, with regard to earthquakesi. 400 n.;
  • dislike of, to paijudicial pleading, viii. 361 n. 2;
  • embassy from, to Alexander, [xii. 248] n. 2;
  • Livy’s opinion as to the chances of Alexander, if he had attacked the, [xii. 260].
• Rome, reduction of the rate of interest at, iii. 112 n. 1;
  • debasement of coin at, iii. 114;
  • new tables at, iii. 115 n. 2;
  • law of debtor and creditor at, iii. 159 seq.;
  • political associations at, viii, 16 n. 2;
  • and Carthage, treaties between, x. 392 n.
• Roxana, [xii. 214], [215], [319], [333], [367], [371].

• S.
• Sacred games, Solon’s rewards to victors at, iii. 141;
  • objects, Greek view of material connection with, iii. 84 n. 1., 260.
• Sacred War, the first, iv. 63 seq., v. 346;
  • the second, xi. 241 seq., 374, 421 seq.;
  • position of Philip after the second, xi. 434;
  • the third, xi. 467.
• Sacrifices, i. 62;
  • human, in Greece, i. 126 seq.
• Sacrilege, French legislation upon, vii. 212 n.
• Sadyattês, iii. 253.
• Saga, the, Ampère on, i. 357 n.
• Sage, a universal manifestation of the human mind, i. 461.
• Sagen-poesie, applied as a standard to the Iliad and Odyssey, ii. 162.
• Sagra, date of the battle at, iv. 411 n. 2.
• Saints, legends of, i. 469 seq.
• Sakadas, iv. 89.
• Salæthus, vi. 237 seq.
• Salamis, the serpent of, i. 186;
  • war between Athens and Megara about, iii. 98 seq.;
  • retreat of the Greek fleet from Artemisium to, v. 102, 107;
  • the battle of, v. 104-147;
  • Persian and Greek fleets after the battle of, v. 147;
  • migration of Athenians to, on Mardonius’s approach, v. 154;
  • seizure of prisoners at, by the Thirty Tyrants at Athens, viii. 267.
• Salamis in Cyprus, i. 189, x. 14 seq.
• Salmoneus, i. 108.
• Samian exiles, application of, to Sparta, iv. 242;
  • attack of, on Siphnos, iv. 244;
  • at Zanklê, v. 211.
• Samians and Athenians, contrast between, iv. 247;
  • slaughter of, by Otanês, iv. 249;
  • at Ladê, iv. 304;
  • migration of, to Sicily, iv. 305;
  • transfer of the fund of the confederacy from Delos to Athens proposed by, v. 343;
  • application of, to Sparta for aid against Athens, vi. 29.
• Samnites, xi. 8.
• Samos, foundation of, iii. 173;
  • condition of, on the accession of Darius Hystaspês, iv. 240;
  • Lacedæmonians and Polykratês at, iv. 243;
  • Persian armament under Datis at, iv. 329;
  • Persian fleet at, after the battle of Salamis, v. 147, 192;
  • Greek fleet moves to the rescue of, from the Persians, v. 192;
  • an autonomous ally of Athens, vi. 2;
  • revolt of, from the Athenians, vi. 25 seq., 29;
  • and Milêtus, dispute between, about Priênê, vi. 26;
  • Athenian armament against, under Periklês, Sophoklês, etc., vi. 27 seq.;
  • blockaded, vi. 28;
  • government of, after its capture by Periklês, vi. 30;
  • democratical revolution at, vii. 377 seq.;
  • powerful Athenian fleet at, B. C. 412, vii. 386;
  • oligarchical conspiracy at, viii. 7 seq., 25 seq.;
  • embassy from the Four Hundred to, viii. 44, 52 seq., 55;
  • Athenian democracy reconstituted at, viii. 46 seq.;
  • the Athenian democracy at, and Alkibiadês, viii. 49 seq.;
  • eagerness of the Athenian democracy at, to sail to Peiræus, viii. 52, 54;
  • envoys from Argosto the Athenian Demos at, viii. 57;
  • Athenian democracy at, contrasted with the oligarchy of the Four Hundred, viii. 92 seq.;
  • Strombichidês’s arrival at, from the Hellespont, viii. 96;
  • Alkibiadês’s return from Aspendus to, viii. 115;
  • Alkibiadês sails from, to the Hellespont, viii. 116;
  • Alkibiadês at, B. C. 407, viii. 155;
  • Alkibiadês leaves Antiochus in command at, viii. 153;
  • dissatisfaction of the armament at, with Alkibiadês, viii. 154;
  • Konon at, viii. 160;
  • Lysander at, viii. 223, 237;
  • conquest of, by Timotheus, x. 294, 297 n. 2.
• Samothracians, exploit of, at Salamis, v. 135.
• Sangala, capture of, by Alexander, [xii. 231].
• Sapphô, i. 363, iv. 90 seq.
• Sardinia, proposition of Bias for a Pan-Ionic emigration to, iv. 207.
• Sardis, iii. 220;
  • capture of, by Cyrus, iv. 192;
  • march of Aristagoras to, and burning of, iv. 290;
  • march of Xerxes to, and collection of his forces at, v. 14;
  • march of Xerxes from, v. 27;
  • retirement of the Persian army to, after their defeat at Mykalê, v. 198;
  • Alkibiadês’s imprisonment at, and escape from, viii. 119, 120;
  • forces of Cyrus the Younger collected at, ix. 8;
  • march of Cyrus the Younger from, to Kunaxa, ix. 11 seq.;
  • victory of Agesilaus near, ix. 267;
  • surrender of, to Alexander, [xii. 89].
• Sarissa, [xii. 57], [101] seq.
• Sarmatians, iii. 243.
• Sarpêdôn, i. 219.
• Sataspes, iii. 285, 288 n.
• Satrapies of Darius Hystaspes, iv. 235 seq.
• Satraps under Darius Hystaspes, discontents of, iv. 226 seq.;
  • of Alexander, [xii. 239] seq.
• Satyrus of Herakleia, [xii. 564].
• Satyrus I. of Bosporus, xi. 264 n. 1, [xii. 481].
• Satyrus the actor, xi. 270, 364.
• Satyrus II. of Bosporus, [xii. 484].
• Saxo Grammaticus and Snorro Sturleson contrasted with Pherekydes and Hellanikus, i. 468.
• Scales Æginæan and Euboic, ii. 319 seq., 325;
  • Æginæan, Euboic and Attic, iii. 171.
• Scandinavian mythical genealogies, i. 465 n. 3;
  • and Teutonic epic, i. 479 seq.
• Scardus, ii. 212.
• Science, physical, commencement of, among the Greeks, i. 367.
• Scientific views, opposition of, to religions, among the Greeks, i. 359-370 seq.
• Scission between the superior men and the multitude among the Greeks, i. 375.
• Sculpture at Athens, under Periklês, vi. 22.
• Scurrility at festivals, iv. 80 n. 2.
• Scylla, i. 1, 221.
• Scythia, iii. 235;
  • Darius’s invasion of, iv. 263 seq.
• Scythians, iii. 233 seq., [xii. 475];
  • invasion of Asia Minor and Upper Asia by, iii. 245 seq.;
  • strong impression produced by, upon Herodotus’s imagination, iv. 268;
  • attack of Philip on, xi. 462;
  • and Alexander, [xii. 206], [214].
• Secession of the mythical races of Greece, ii. 19.
• Seisachtheia, or debtors’ relief-law of Solon, iii. 99 seq.
• Selene, i. 6, 346 n.
• Seleukus, alliance of, with Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy against Antigonus, [xii. 367], [372], [383], [387];
  • Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy, pacification of, with Antigonus, [xii. 371];
  • and the Pontic Hêrakleia, [xii. 470];
  • death of, [xii. 470].
• Selinuntines, defeat of, by the Egestæans and Carthaginians, x. 404.
• Selinus, iii. 367;
  • and Egesta, vii. 145, x. 401, 404;
  • application of, to Syracuse, x. 404;
  • capture of, by Hannibal, x. 405 seq.;
  • abandonment of, by the rest of Sicily, x. 408;
  • Hermokrates at, x. 417.
• Selli, ii. 268.
• Selymbria, viii. 126, 133, xi. 455 n. 3.
• Selymbris, iv. 27.
• Semele, i. 259.
• Semi-historical interpretation of ancient mythes, i. 433.
• Senate and Agora subordinate in legendary, paramount in historical Greece, ii. 76;
  • Spartan, ii. 345, 357;
  • of Areopagus, iii. 73;
  • powers of, enlarged by Solon, iii. 122;
  • of Four Hundred, Solon’s, iii. 121;
  • of Five Hundred, iv. 137;
  • at Athens, expulsion of, by the Four Hundred, viii. 39.
• Senators, addition to the oath of Athenian, viii. 298.
• Sentiment, mingled ethical and mythical, in “Works and Days”, i. 69 seq.
• Sepias Akte, Xerxes’s fleet at, v. 83 seq.
• Servitude, temporary, of the gods, i. 57, 113 n. 2.
• Sestos, capture of, B. C. 479, v. 202 seq.;
  • escape of the Athenian squadron from, to Elæus, viii. 105;
  • Derkyllidas at, ix. 320;
  • capture of, by Kotys, x. 373;
  • surrender of, to Athens, B. C. 358, x. 379 n.;
  • conquest of, by Chares, xi. 257.
• Seuthes, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 154, 169 seq.
• Seven chiefs against Thebes, the, i. 274.
• Seven wise men of Greece, iv. 95 seq.
• Sibyl, the Erythræan, i. 28.
• Sibylline prophecies, i. 28, 338.
• Sicilian Greeks, prosperity of, between B. C. 735 and 485, iii. 367 seq.;
  • Greeks, peculiarity of their monetary and statical scale, iii. 369;
  • comedy, iii. 373;
  • Greeks, early governments of, v. 206;
  • Greeks, and Phenicians, v. 207;
  • cities, B. C. 431, vii. 127, 131;
  • and Italian Dorians, aid expected from, by Sparta, vii. 129;
  • cities, general peace between, B. C. 424, vii. 138;
  • aid to Syracuse, B. C. 413, vii. 295.
• Sicily, Phenicians and Greeks in, iii. 276;
  • ante-Hellenic population of, iii. 350, 361, 372;
  • and Italy, early languages and history of, iii. 354 n.;
  • and Italy, date of earliest Grecian colony in, iii. 356;
  • rapid multiplication of Grecian colonies in, after B. C. 735, iii. 360;
  • the voyage from Greece to, iii. 361;
  • spot where the Greeks first landed in, iii. 361;
  • Megarian, iii. 365;
  • subcolonies from, iii. 366;
  • Sikel or Sikan caverns in, iii. 368 n.;
  • mixed population of, iii. 369;
  • difference between Greeks in, and those in Greece Proper, iii. 372;
  • despots in, about B. C. 500, v. 204;
  • Carthaginian invasion of, B. C. 480, v. 220;
  • expulsion of despots from, B. C. 465, v. 233;
  • after the expulsion of the despots, B. C. 465, v. 234, 236 seq., vii. 118;
  • return of Duketius to, vii. 122;
  • intellectual movement in, between B. C. 461-416, vii. 127;
  • relations of, to Athens and Sparta, altered by the quarrel between Corinth and Korkyra, vii. 129;
  • Dorians attack the Ionians in, about B. C. 427, vii. 131;
  • Ionic cities in, solicit aid from Athens, against the Dorians, B. C. 427, vii. 132;
  • Athenian expedition to, B. C. 427, vii. 133;
  • Athenian expedition to, B. C. 425, vii. 133;
  • Athenian expedition to, B. C. 422, vii. 142;
  • Athenian expedition to, B. C. 415, vii. 148-162, 179-191, 217-278;
  • Athenian expedition to, B. C. 413, vii. 279-287, 288-353;
  • effect of the Athenian disaster in, upon all Greeks, vii. 363;
  • intervention of Carthage in, B. C. 410, x. 401 seq.;
  • invasion of, by Hannibal, B. C. 409, x. 405 seq.;
  • abandonment of Selinus by the Hellenic cities of, B. C. 409, x. 408;
  • Hannibal’s return from, B. C. 409, x. 415;
  • return of Hermokrates to, x. 415;
  • invasion of, by Hannibal and Imilkon, x. 422 seq.;
  • southern, depressed condition of, B. C. 405, x. 457;
  • expedition of Dionysius against the Carthaginians in, x. 483 seq.;
  • frequency of pestilence among the Carthaginians in, xi. 1;
  • Dionysius’s conquests in the interior of, B. C. 394, xi. 4;
  • condition of, B. C. 353-344, xi. 130;
  • voyage of Timoleon to, xi. 143 seq.;
  • invasion of, by the Carthaginians, B. C. 340, xi. 170;
  • Timoleon in, xi. 170-195;
  • expedition to, under Giskon, xi. 180;
  • Agathokles in, [xii. 439] seq.;
  • ceases to be under Hellenic agency after Agathokles, [xii. 451].
• Sidon, iii. 265;
  • conquest of, by Darius Nothus, xi. 438;
  • surrender of, to Alexander, [xii. 130].
• Sidus, capture of, by the Lacedæmonians, ix. 335;
  • recovery of, by Iphikrates, ix. 353.
• Siege of Troy, i. 284-306.
• Sigeium, Mitylenæan at, i. 339;
  • and Peisistratus, iv. 117.
• Sikans, iii. 349, 351 n. 3, 369.
• Sikel prince, Duketius, iii. 374.
• Sikels, iii. 349;
  • in Italy, iii. 351, 375;
  • migration of, from Italy to Sicily, iii. 353 n. 2;
  • in Sicily, iii. 367, x. 494, xi. 5, 6.
• Sikinnus, v. 126, 140, 313 n. 2.
• Sikyôn, origin of, i. 120 seq.;
  • early condition of, iii. 4;
  • despots at, iii. 32 seq., 38;
  • classes of people at, iii. 35;
  • names of Dorion and non-Dorion tribes at, iii. 34, 37;
  • Corinth, and Megara, analogy of, iii. 47;
  • Athenian attacks upon, v. 332;
  • Spartan and Argeian expedition against, vii. 97;
  • desertion of, from Sparta to Thebes, x. 257;
  • intestine dissensions at, B. C. 367-366, x. 269 seq.;
  • Euphron at, x. 269 seq., 272, 273.
• Silanus the prophet, ix. 40, 133 seq.
• Silphium, iv. 33.
• Silver race, the, i. 65.
• Simon, i. 304.
• Simonidês of Keôs, epigram of, on the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 104;
  • mediation of, between Hiero and Thero, v. 227.
• Simonidês of Amorgus, poetry of, i. 463, iv. 73, 82.
• Sinôpe and the Amazons, i. 212 n. 3;
  • date of the foundation of, iii. 249 n. 3;
  • Perikles’s expedition to, vi. 10;
  • and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 129 seq., 144;
  • long independence of, [xii. 459];
  • envoys from with Darius, [xii. 459].
• Siphnus, iii. 166;
  • attack of Samian exiles on, iv. 244.
• Sirens, the, i. 1.
• Siris, or Herakleia, iii. 384.
• Sisygambis, [xii. 124], [164], [171].
• Sisyphus, i. 118 seq.
• Sitalkes, vi. 141, 215 seq.
• Sithonia, iv. 24, 25.
• Sittake, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 65.
• Skalds, Icelandic, songs of, ii. 150 n. 2, ii. 157 n.
• Skedasus, x. 178.
• Skepsis, Derkyllidas at, ix. 213.
• Skillus, Xenophon at, ix. 176 seq.
• Skiône, revolt of, from Athens to Brasidas, vi. 435 seq.;
  • dispute about, after the One year’s truce between Athens and Sparta, vi. 437;
  • blockade of, by the Athenians, B. C. 423, vi. 442;
  • capture of, by the Athenians, B. C. 421, vii. 22.
• Skiritæ, vii. 80, 84, x. 233.
• Skylax, iv. 237, 283, x. 227 n. 6.
• Skyllêtium, iii. 384.
• Skyros, conquest of, by Kimon, v. 303.
• Skytalism at Argos, x. 200 seq.
• Skythês of Zanklê, v. 211 seq.
• Skythini, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 110.
• Slavery of debtors in Attica before Solon, iii. 94.
• Slaves in legendary Greece, ii. 97 seq.
• Smerdis, iv. 221 seq.
• Sminthian Apollo, i. 50, 337.
• Smyrna, iii. 182, 189.
• Social War, xi. 220, 231.
• Socratic philosophers, their unjust condemnation of rhapsodes, ii. 139.
• Socratici viri, viii. 403 n.
• Sogdian rock, capture of, by Alexander, [xii. 214].
• Sogdiana, Alexander in, [xii. 202] seq., [207].
• Sôkratês, his treatment of the discrepancy between scientific and religious views, i. 370;
  • treatment of, by the Athenians, i. 374 seq.;
  • alleged impiety of, attacked by Aristophanês, i. 401 n.;
  • and the sophists, v. 404, vii. 35 n. 2; viii. 387 n., 400, 441 n.;
  • at the battle of Delium, vi. 396;
  • and Alkibiadês, vii. 35 seq.;
  • and Kritias, vii. 35 seq.;
  • at the Athenian assembly, on the generals at Arginusæ, vii. 200;
  • and the Thirty, viii. 244, 257;
  • and Parmenidês, viii. 346 n.;
  • dislike of, to teaching for pay, viii. 342;
  • life, character, philosophy, teaching, and death of, viii. 400-496.
• Solemnities and games, i. 106.
• Soli in Cyprus, iii. 148.
• Sollium, Athenian capture of, vi. 135.
• Soloeis, Cape, iii. 272 n. 2.
• Solon and the Iliad, ii. 152 n. 2;
  • civil condition of Attica before, iii. 48;
  • life, character, laws, and constitution of, iii. 88-159.
• Sophokles, his Œdipus, i. 270;
  • his treatment of mythes, i. 379 seq., 385;
  • Periklês, etc., Athenian armament under, against Samos, vi. 27 seq.;
  • number of tragedies by, viii. 319 n.;
  • Æschylus and Euripidês, viii. 332;
  • and Herodotus, viii. 323 n. 2.
• Sophokles and Eurymedon, expeditions of, to Sicily and Korkyra, vi. 313 seq., 357 seq., vii. 133, 136, 139.
• Sôsis, xi. 104.
• Sosistratus, [xii. 394], [388], [405].
• Sothiac period and Manetho, iii. 340 seq.
• Sparta and Mykênæ, i. 165 seq.;
  • occupation of, by the Dorians, ii. 311, 326 seq., 360;
  • and the disunion of Greek towns, ii. 259;
  • not strictly a city, ii. 261;
  • inferior to Argos and neighboring Dorians, B. C. 776, ii. 307, 312;
  • first historical view of, ii. 323;
  • not the perfect Dorian type, ii. 341;
  • pair of kings at, ii. 349;
  • classification of the population at, ii. 348 seq.;
  • syssitia and public training at, ii. 380 seq.;
  • partition of lands at, ascribed to Lykurgus, ii. 393-415;
  • progressive increase of, ii. 417;
  • and Lepreum, ii. 440;
  • Argos, and Arcadia, relations of, ii. 443 n. 2;
  • and Mantinea, ii. 444;
  • and Arcadia, ii. 445 seq.;
  • and Tegea, ii. 446 seq.;
  • bones of Orestês taken to, ii. 447;
  • acquisitions of, towards Argos, ii. 450 seq.;
  • extensive possessions and power of by, B. C. 540, ii. 453 seq.;
  • military institutions of, ii. 456 seq.;
  • recognized superiority of, ii. 461, iv. 242, 318;
  • peculiar government of, iii. 6;
  • alleged intervention of, with the Nemean and Isthmian games, iv. 66 n.;
  • exclusive character of her festivals, iv. 69;
  • musical and poetical tendencies at, iv. 83 seq., 86 n. 1;
  • choric training at, iv. 84 seq.;
  • first appearance of, as head of Peloponnesian allies, iv. 169, 174 seq.;
  • preparations at, for attacking Athens, after the failure of Kleomenês, iv. 173 seq.;
  • and Crœsus, iv. 190;
  • and Asiatic Greeks, iv. 199, iv. 207, 208;
  • and Samian exiles, iv. 242;
  • and Aristagoras, iv. 287 seq.;
  • treatment of Darius’s herald at, iv. 317;
  • appeal of Athenians to, against the Medism of Ægina, iv. 318;
  • war of, against Argos, B. C. 496-5, iv. 320 seq.;
  • no heralds sent from Xerxes to, v. 57;
  • Pan-Hellenic congress convened by, at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 57 seq.;
  • leaves Athens undefended against Mardonius, v. 153 seq.;
  • headship of the allied Greeks transferred from, to Athens, v. 261 seq.;
  • and Athens, first open separation between, v. 263, 265 seq., 290;
  • secret promise of, to the Thasians, to invade Attica, v. 312;
  • restores the supremacy of Thebes in Bœotia, v. 313, 331;
  • and the rest of Peloponnesus, between B. C. 477-457, v. 314;
  • earthquake and revolt of Helots at, B. C. 464, v. 315 seq.;
  • Athenian auxiliaries to, against the Helots, v. 316 seq.;
  • Athenians renounce the alliance of, B. C. 464, v. 319;
  • and Athens, five years’ truce between, v. 334;
  • and Delphi, B. C. 452-447, v. 346;
  • and Athens, thirty years’ truce between, v. 350;
  • application of Samians to, vi. 29;
  • imperial, compared with imperial Athens, vi. 39, ix. 187 seq.;
  • and her subject-allies, vi. 41;
  • and Athens, confederacies of, vi. 46;
  • promise of, to the Potidæans, to invade Attica, vi. 69;
  • application of the Lesbians to, vi. 76;
  • assembly at, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 78 seq.;
  • relations of, with her allies, vi. 79;
  • congress of allies at, B. C. 432, vi. 92 seq.;
  • requisitions addressed to Athens by, B. C. 431, vi. 97 seq., 105 seq.;
  • efforts of, to raise a naval force on commencing the Peloponnesian war, vi. 125;
  • and the Mitylenæans, vi. 226 seq.;
  • despatches from Artaxerxes to, vi. 360 seq.;
  • and Athens one year’s truce between, B. C. 423, vi. 437 seq., 453, 457 seq.;
  • and the Peace of Nikias, vii. 2, 9;
  • and Argos, uncertain relations between, B. C. 421, vii. 3;
  • and Athens, alliance between, B. C. 421, vii. 5;
  • revolt of Elis from, vii. 17 seq.;
  • congress at, B. C. 421, vii. 24;
  • and Bœotia, alliance between, B. C. 420, vii. 26;
  • and Argos, fifty years’ peace between, vii. 28 seq.;
  • embassy of Nikias to, vii. 44;
  • and Athens, relations between, B. C. 419, vii. 70;
  • and the battle of Mantinea, B. C. 418, vii. 86;
  • and Argos, peace and alliance between, B. C. 418, vii. 92 seq.;
  • submission of Mantinea to, vii. 95;
  • and Athens, relations between, B. C. 416, vii. 103;
  • and Sicily, relations of, altered by the quarrel between Corinth and Korkyra, vii. 129;
  • aid expected from the Sicilian Dorians by, B. C. 431, vii. 130;
  • embassy from Syracuse and Corinth to, B. C. 415, vii. 235 seq.;
  • Alkibiadês at, vii. 236 seq., viii. 2;
  • and Athens, violation of the peace between, B. C. 414, vii. 285;
  • resolution of, to fortify Dekeleia and send a force to Syracuse, B. C. 414, vii. 286;
  • application from Chios to, vii. 365;
  • embassy from Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus to, vii. 366;
  • embassy from the Four Hundred to, viii. 63, 84;
  • proposals of peace from, to Athens, B. C. 410, viii. 122 seq.;
  • alleged proposals of peace from, to Athens, after the battle of Argenusæ, viii. 210;
  • first proposals of Athens to, after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 226;
  • embassies of Theramenês to, viii. 227, 228;
  • assembly of the Peloponnesian confederacy at, B. C. 404, viii. 228;
  • terms of peace granted to Athens by, B. C. 404, viii. 229;
  • triumphant return of Lysander to, viii. 238;
  • and her allies, after the capture of Athens by Lysander, viii. 259;
  • oppressive dominion of after the capture of Athens by Lysander, viii. 260;
  • opposition to Lysander at, viii. 262;
  • pacification by, between the Ten at Athens and the exiles at Peiræus, viii. 278;
  • empire of, contrasted with her promises of liberty, ix. 191 seq.;
  • change in the language and plans of, towards the close of the Peloponnesian war, ix. 194;
  • and the Thirty at Athens, ix. 197;
  • opportunity lost by, for organizing a stable confederacy throughout Greece, ix. 199 seq.;
  • alienation of the allies of, after the battle of Ægospotami, ix. 223 seq.;
  • and Elis, war between, ix. 225 seq.;
  • refuses to restore the Olympic presidency to the Pisatans, ix. 229;
  • expels the Messenians from Peloponnesus, ix. 229;
  • introduction of gold and silver to, by Lysander, ix. 230 seq.;
  • in B. C. 432 and after B. C. 404, contrast between, ix. 232;
  • position of kings at, ix. 238 seq.;
  • conspiracy of Kinadon at, ix. 247 seq.;
  • Persian preparations for maritime war against, B. C. 397, ix. 255, 270;
  • revolt of Rhodes from, ix. 271;
  • relations of, with her neighbors and allies, after the accession of Agesilaus, ix. 284;
  • and Hêrakleia Trachynia, ix. 285, 302;
  • and Timokrates, ix. 286 seq.;
  • and Thebes, war between, B. C. 395, ix. 289 seq.;
  • alliance of Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos against, ix. 301;
  • proceedings of, against Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, ix. 303, 305 seq.;
  • consequences of the battles of Corinth, Knidus, and Korôneia to, ix. 317 seq.;
  • hostility of, to partial land confederacies in Greece, ix. 361;
  • congress at, on the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 386;
  • and the peace of Antalkidas, x. 2 seq., 9 seq., 28;
  • applications of, for Persian aid, x. 5 seq.;
  • and Persia after the battle of Ægospotami, x. 8;
  • and Grecian autonomy, x. 11 seq., 28;
  • miso-Theban proceedings of, after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 28 seq.;
  • restores Platæa, x. 30 seq.;
  • oppressive conduct of towards Mantinea, B. C. 386, x. 35 seq.;
  • mischievous influence of, after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 40 seq.;
  • naval competition of Athens with, after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 42 seq.;
  • and the Olynthian confederacy, x. 52 seq., 57, 65 seq.;
  • and the surprise of Thebes by Phœbidas, x. 61 seq.;
  • and Phlius, x. 70;
  • ascendency and unpopularity of, B. C. 379, x. 72 seq.;
  • Xenophon on the conduct of, between B. C. 387-379, x. 77;
  • effect of the revolution at Thebes, B. C. 379, on, x. 93;
  • trial of Sphodrias at, x. 100 seq.;
  • war declared by Athens against, B. C. 378, x. 102;
  • separate peace of Athens with, B. C. 374, x. 137, 141;
  • and Polydamas, x. 137 seq.;
  • decline of the power of, between B. C. 382-374, x. 140;
  • discouragement of, by her defeat at Korkyra and by earthquakes, B. C. 372, x. 157;
  • disposition of Athens to peace with, B. C. 372, x. 158, 165;
  • general peace settled at, B. C. 371, x. 165 seq., 174, 198;
  • effect of the news of the defeat at Leuktra on, x. 186;
  • and Athens, difference between in passive endurance and active energy, x. 188;
  • reinforcements from, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 188;
  • treatment of defeated citizens on their return from Leuktra, x. 192 seq.;
  • and Thebes, alleged arbitration of the Achæans between, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 199 n.;
  • position of, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 201;
  • and the Amphiktyonic assembly, x. 202 seq., xi. 242;
  • feeling against Agesilaus at, B. C. 371, x. 207;
  • hostile approaches of Epaminondas to, x. 218 seq., 330 seq.;
  • abstraction of Western Laconia from, x. 226 seq.;
  • application of, to Athens for aid against Thebes, B. C. 369, x. 234 seq.;
  • and Athens, alliance between, B. C. 369, x. 253;
  • reinforcement from Syracuse in aid of, x. 258;
  • peace of her allies with Thebes, x. 290 seq.;
  • alliance of Elis and Achaia with, B. C. 365, x. 313;
  • and Dionysius, x. 457, 505, xi. 22;
  • degradation of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 197 seq.;
  • countenance of the Phokians by, B. C. 353, xi. 262;
  • plans of, against Megalopolis and Messênê, B. C. 353, ix. 263, 290;
  • decline in military readiness among the Peloponnesian allies of, after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 280;
  • ineffectual campaign of, against Megalopolis, xi. 299 seq.;
  • envoys from, to Philip, xi. 405, 409;
  • envoys from, with Darius, [xii. 189];
  • anti-Macedonian policy of, after Alexander’s death, [xii. 281] seq.
• Spartan kings, ii. 11, 76, 353 seq.;
  • senate, assembly, and ephors, ii. 349 seq.;
  • popular assembly, ii. 357;
  • constitution, ii. 359 seq.;
  • government, secrecy of, ii. 378;
  • discipline, ii. 381 seq.;
  • women, ii. 383 seq.;
  • law and practice of succession, erroneous suppositions about, ii. 409 seq.;
  • arbitration of the dispute between Athens and Megan about Salamis, iii. 92;
  • expeditions against Hippias, iv. 122;
  • empire, commencement of, ix. 181, 184 seq., 188 seq.;
  • empire, Theopompus on, ix. 195 n.;
  • allies at the battle of Leuktra, x. 182.
• Spartans, and Pheidôn, ii. 318;
  • and Messenians, early proceedings of, ii. 329;
  • local distinctions among, ii. 361;
  • the class of, ii. 361 seq.;
  • and Helots, ii. 373 seq.;
  • marriage among, ii. 385; their ignorance of letters, ii. 390 n. 3;
  • musical susceptibilities of, ii. 433;
  • and the second Messenian war, ii. 434, 437;
  • careful training of, when other states had none, ii. 455;
  • and the battle of Marathon, iv. 342, 358;
  • unwillingness of, to postpone or neglect festivals, v. 77;
  • at Platæa, v. 157, 166 seq.;
  • and the continental Ionians after the battle of Mykalê, v. 193;
  • and the fortification of Athens, v. 243 seq.;
  • favorable answer of the oracle at Delphi to, on war with Athens, B. C. 432, vi. 91;
  • final answer of the Athenians to, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 106;
  • their desire for peace, to regain the captives from Sphakteria, vi. 428 seq.;
  • and Thebans, at the battle of Korôneia, ix. 317;
  • project of, for the rescue of the Asiatic Greeks, x. 44;
  • miso-Theban impulse of, B. C. 371, x. 175;
  • confidence and defeat of, at Leuktra, x. 179 seq.;
  • retirement of, from Bœotia after the battle of Leuktra, x. 190;
  • refusal of, to acknowledge the independence of Messênê, x. 290, 350;
  • and Dion, xi. 61.
• Sparti, i. 259, 261.
• Spartokidæ, [xii. 479] seq.
• Speaking, public, its early origin and intellectual effects, ii. 77 seq.
• Sperthiês and Bulis, vi. 182 n.
• Speusippus, indictment of, by Leogoras, vii. 206 n. 3.
• Sphakteria, locality of, vi. 314;
  • occupation of, by the Lacedæmonians, vi. 320, 346;
  • blockade of Lacedæmonians in, vi. 324, 332 seq.;
  • Lacedæmonian embassy to Athens for the release of the prisoners in, vi. 324 seq.;
  • Demosthenês’s application for reinforcements to attack, vi. 334 seq.;
  • condition of, on the attack by Demosthenês and Kleon, vi. 340;
  • victory of Demosthenês and Kleon over Lacedæmonians in, vi. 341 seq.;
  • surrender of Lacedæmonians in, vi. 345 seq.;
  • arrival of prisoners from, at Athens, vi. 351;
  • restoration of prisoners taken at, vii. 6 seq.;
  • disfranchisement of restored prisoners from, vii. 22.
• Sphendaleis, Attic deme of, v. 158 n. 2.
• Sphinx, the, i. 7, 266.
• Spodrias, attempt of, to surprise Peiræus, x. 98 seq.
• Spitamenes, [xii. 207], [213], [214].
• Spithridates, and the Lacedæmonians, ix. 260, 274 seq.
• Stables, the Augean, i. 139.
• Stageira, iv. 25.
• Standard of historical evidence raised with regard to England, but not with regard to Greece, i. 484.
• Stasippus, x. 209.
• Statira, [xii. 124], [154], [241].
• Statues, Greek, identified with the beings they represented, i. 460.
• Stenyklêrus, Dorians of, ii. 328.
• Steropês, i. 5.
• Stesichorus, the lyric poet, and Helen, i. 307 seq.;
  • dialect of, iv. 78 seq.
• Stesiklês, x. 144, 147 n.
• Sthenelaïdas, the ephor, vi. 90 seq.
• Story of striking off the overtopping ears of corn, iii. 24 n.
• Strabo on the Amazons, i. 214;
  • his version of the Argonautic expedition, i. 255;
  • on Old and New Ilium, i. 329 seq.;
  • his transformation of mythes to history, i. 413.
• Strangers, supplication of, ii. 79 n.;
  • reception of, in legendary Greece, ii. 85.
• Stratêgi, Kleisthenean, iv. 136;
  • enlarged functions of Athenian, after the Persian war, v. 276.
• Stratolas, x. 320.
• Stratus, attack of Peloponnesians, Ambrakiots and Epirots upon, B. C. 429, vi. 194.
• Strelitzes, suppression of the revolt of, by Peter the Great, iv. 232 n. 3.
• Strombichidês, pursuit of Chalkideus and Alkibiadês by, vii. 371;
  • expedition of, to Chios, vii. 374, 390, 392;
  • removal of, from Chios to the Hellespont, viii. 94;
  • arrival of, at Samos, from the Hellespont, viii. 95;
  • and other Athenian democrats, imprisonment of, viii. 236;
  • trial and execution of, viii. 240 seq.
• Strophê, introduction of, iv. 89.
• Struthas, victory of, over Thimbron, ix. 362.
• Strymôn, Greek settlements east of, in Thrace, iv. 25;
  • Xerxes’s bridges across the, v. 25.
• Styx, i. 7, 8.
• Styx, rocks near, ii. 301 n.
• Subterranean, course of rivers in Greece, ii. 219.
• Succession, Solon’s laws of, iii. 139.
• Suli, iii. 418.
• Suppliants, reception of, in legendary Greece, ii. 85.
• Supplication of strangers, ii. 79 n.
• Susa, sum found in by Alexander the Great, iv. 236 n.;
  • Pharnabazus conveys Greek escorts towards, viii. 135;
  • Alexander at, [xii. 168], [238];
  • Alexander’s march from, to Persepolis, [xii. 246] seq.
• Susia, [xii. 189].
• Susian Gates, Alexander at, [xii. 171].
• Syagrus, reply of, to Gelôn, i. 167.
• Sybaris, foundation, territory and colonies of, iii. 376 seq.;
  • fall of, iii. 392, 399, iv. 413 seq.;
  • maximum power of, iii. 394 seq.;
  • and Krotôn, war between, iv. 412.
• Sybarites, character of, iii. 394 seq.;
  • defeat of, by the Krotoniates, iv. 413;
  • descendants of, at Thurii, vi. 13.
• “Sybaritic tales”, iii. 394.
• Syennesis of Kilikia, and Cyrus the Younger, ix. 18.
• Sylosôn, iv. 248 seq.
• Symmories at Athens, x. 117 seq.;
  • speech of Demosthenês on the, xi. 285 seq.
• Symplêgades, the, i. 235.
• Syntagma, Macedonian, [xii. 60].
• Syracusan assembly, on the approaching Athenian expedition, B. C. 415, vii. 183 seq.;
  • ships, improvements in, to suit the narrow harbor, vii. 297;
  • squadron under Hermokrates against Athens in the Ægean, x. 385 seq.;
  • generals at Agrigentum, complaints against, x. 427, 431;
  • generals at Agrigentum, speech of Dionysius against, x. 433 seq.;
  • horsemen, mutiny of, against Dionysius, x. 451 seq.;
  • soldiers mutiny of, against Dionysius, x. 462 seq.
• Syracusans, confidence and proceedings of, after the capture of Plemmyrium, B. C. 413, vii. 293 seq.;
  • and Athenians, conflicts between, in the Great Harbor, vii. 294, 299 seq., 316 seq., 324 seq.;
  • defeat of the Athenian night attack upon Epipolæ by, vii. 305 seq.;
  • their blockade of the Athenians in the harbor, vii. 318;
  • captured by Thrasyllus, viii. 129;
  • delay of, in aiding Selinus, B. C. 409, x. 404, 408;
  • improvement in Dionysius’s behavior towards, B. C. 399, x. 473;
  • victory of, over the Carthaginians in the great Harbor, x. 501;
  • negotiations of Dionysius the Younger with Dion and the, xi. 96;
  • defeat of Dionysius the Younger, by Dion and the, xi. 97 seq.;
  • application from, to Dion at Leontini, xi. 108;
  • gratitude of, to Dion, xi. 112;
  • opposition of, to Dion as dictator, xi. 121 seq.;
  • application of, to Hiketas and Corinth, B. C. 344, x. 134 seq.;
  • and Timoleon, application of, to Corinth, xi. 167.
• Syracuse, foundation of, iii. 363;
  • petalism or ostracism at, iv. 162;
  • inferior to Agrigentum and Gela, before B. C. 500, v. 204;
  • in B. C. 500, v. 205;
  • increased population and power of, under Gelo, v. 214 seq.;
  • prisoners awarded to, after the battle of Himera, v. 225;
  • topography of, B. C. 465, v. 235 n.;
  • fall of the Gelonian dynasty at, v. 235 seq.;
  • Gelonian citizens of, v. 237 seq.;
  • reaction against despotism at, after the fall of the Gelonian dynasty, v. 240;
  • political dissensions and failure of ostracism at, vii. 122;
  • foreign exploits of, B. C. 452, vii. 123;
  • Duketius at, vii. 124;
  • and Agrigentum, hostilities between, B. C. 446, vii. 125;
  • conquests and ambitious schemes of, B. C. 440, vii. 126;
  • incredulity and contempt at, as to the Athenian armament for Sicily, B. C. 415, vii. 182;
  • quiescence of the democracy at, vii. 183 n.;
  • preparations at, on the approach of the Athenian armament at, B. C. 415, vii. 190;
  • empty display of the Athenian armament at, B. C. 415, vii. 194;
  • increased confidence at, through Nikias’s inaction, B. C. 415, vii. 218;
  • landing of Nikias and his forces in the Great Harbor of, B. C. 415, vii. 219;
  • defensive measures of, after the battle near the Olympieion, vii. 228;
  • embassy from, to Corinth and Sparta, B. C. 415, vii. 235;
  • local condition and fortifications of, in the spring of B. C. 414, vii. 244;
  • localities outside the walls of, vii. 245;
  • possibilities of the siege of, B. C. 415 and 414, vii. 245;
  • siege of, B. C. 414, vii. 248 seq.;
  • battle near, B. C. 414, vii. 255 seq.;
  • entrance of the Athenian fleet into the Great Harbor at, B. C. 414, vii. 256;
  • approach of Gylippus to, vii. 262 seq.;
  • arrival of Gylippus and Gongylus at, vii. 265;
  • expedition to, under Demosthenês B. C. 413, vii. 289;
  • Athenian victory in the harbor of, B. C. 413, vii. 291;
  • defeat of a Sicilian reinforcement to, B. C. 413, vii. 295;
  • disadvantages of the Athenian fleet in the harbor of, vii. 296;
  • arrival of Demosthenês at, vii. 301, 303;
  • philo-Athenians at, during the siege, vii. 311 n.;
  • increase of force and confidence in, after the night attack upon Epipolæ, vii. 314;
  • postponement of the Athenians’ retreat from, by an eclipse of the moon, vii. 315;
  • number and variety of forces engaged at, vii. 318;
  • postponement of the Athenians’ retreat from, by Hermokratês, vii. 330;
  • retreat of the Athenians from, vii. 331 seq.;
  • number and treatment of Athenian prisoners at, vii. 344 seq.;
  • topography of, and the operations during the Athenian siege, vii. 401 seq.;
  • rally of Athens during the year after the disaster at, viii. 1;
  • reinforcement from, in aid of Sparta, B. C. 368, x. 258;
  • after the destruction of the Athenian armament, x. 383, 389 seq.;
  • and the quarrel between Selinus and Egesta, B. C. 410, x. 403 seq.;
  • embassy from, to Hannibal, at Selinus, x. 409;
  • aid from, to Himera, against Hannibal, x. 410, 411;
  • attempts of Hermokrates to enter, x. 416 seq.;
  • first appearance of Dionysius at, x. 420;
  • discord at, B. C. 407, x. 421;
  • reinforcement from, to Agrigentum, x. 426;
  • movement of the Hermokratean party at, to raise Dionysius to power, x. 432;
  • Dionysius one of the generals at, 434 seq.;
  • return of the Hermokratean exiles to, x. 436;
  • return of Dionysius from Gela, to, B. C. 405, x. 429;
  • establishment of Dionysius as despot at, x. 444 seq., 454;
  • re-distribution of property at, by Dionysius, x. 459 seq.;
  • locality of, x. 470;
  • additional fortifications at, by Dionysius, x. 471 seq.;
  • plunder of Carthaginians at, by permission of Dionysius, x. 482;
  • provisions of Dionysius for the defence of, against the Carthaginians, B. C. 396, x. 494;
  • retreat of Dionysius from, to Katana, B. C. 395, x. 497;
  • siege of, by Imilkon, x. 498 seq.;
  • Carthaginians before, x. 498 seq., 506 seq.;
  • exultation at, over the burning of the Carthaginian fleet at Daskon, x. 509;
  • new constructions and improvements by Dionysius at, xi. 39;
  • feeling at, towards Dionysius the Younger and Dion, B. C. 357, xi. 86;
  • Dion’s march from Herakleia to, xi. 90;
  • Timokrates, governor of, xi. 92 seq.;
  • Dion’s entries into, B. C. 357 and B. C. 356, xi. 92 seq., 110;
  • flight of Dionysius the Younger from, to Lokri, xi. 104;
  • rescue of, by Dion, xi. 108 seq.;
  • condition of, B. C. 353-344, xi. 129 seq.;
  • return of Dionysius the Younger to, xi. 132;
  • first arrival of Timoleon at, xi. 149;
  • return of Timoleon from Adranum to, xi. 158;
  • flight of Magon from, xi. 159 seq.;
  • Timoleon’s temptations and conduct on becoming master of, xi. 163 seq.;
  • Timoleon’s recall of exiles to, xi. 166;
  • desolate condition of, on coming into the hands of Timoleon, xi. 166, 167;
  • efforts of Corinth to reconstitute, xi. 167, 168;
  • influx of colonists to, on the invitation of Corinth and Timoleon, xi. 169;
  • Timoleon marches from, against the Carthaginians, xi. 172 seq.;
  • Timoleon lays down his power at, xi. 185;
  • great influence of Timoleon at, after his resignation, xi. 186, 193;
  • residence of Timoleon at, xi. 190;
  • Timoleon in the public assembly of, xi. 190 seq.;
  • the constitution established by Timoleon at, exchanged for a democracy, [xii. 393];
  • expedition from, to Krotôn, about B. C. 320, [xii. 397];
  • revolutions at, about B. C. 320, [xii. 399], 400;
  • massacre at, by Agathokles in collusion with Hamilkar, [xii. 401] seq.;
  • Agathokles constituted despot of, [xii. 402];
  • Hamilkar’s unsuccessful attempt to take, [xii. 422] seq.;
  • barbarities of Agathokles at, after his African expedition, [xii. 446].
• Syrians, not distinguished from Assyrians in Greek authors, iii. 290 n.
• Syrphax, [xii. 90].
• Syssitia, or public mess at Sparta, ii. 381.