| Antecedent | Consequent |
| Bell rung when within a glass jar filled with air, | Loud sound. |
| Some of the air pumped out of the jar, | Sound not so loud. |
| More air pumped into jar again, | Sound louder again. |
The conclusion must be that air has something to do with the production of sound.
Problem: To find best feed for egg production.
| 100 lbs. beef scraps, |  | 30 doz. eggs. |
| 100 lbs. wheat, | ||
| 100 lbs. oats, | ||
| 100 lbs. corn, | ||
| 50 lbs. beef scraps, | | 27 doz. eggs. |
| 100 lbs. wheat, | ||
| 100 lbs. oats, | ||
| 100 lbs. corn, | ||
| 90 lbs. beef scraps, | | 28 doz. eggs. |
| 100 lbs. wheat, | ||
| 100 lbs. oats, | ||
| 100 lbs. corn, |
Since the variation in the amount of beef scraps is accompanied by a like variation in the number of eggs produced, it may be assumed that beef scraps are essential to large egg production.
(4) Distinguishing features.
The phenomenon always occurs but in varying degrees;
One antecedent varies in degree;
The other antecedents are invariable.
(5) Advantages and disadvantages.