[1836.] From this use of the relative come many introductory formulas, such as quō factō, quā rē cōgnitā, quae cum ita sint, &c., &c.
[1837.] A connective quod is often used before sī, nisi, or etsī, less frequently before quia, quoniam, utinam, quī, &c.
This quod may be translated so, but, now, whereas, as to that, &c., or it is often best omitted in translation. See [2132].
[THE CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE SENTENCE.]
[quod.]
[1838.] The conjunctive particle quod, originally the neuter of the relative pronoun, has both a declarative sense, that, and a causal sense, because. In both senses it regularly introduces the indicative ([1721]). For special reasons, however, the subjunctive is often used, and particularly in indirect discourse ([1722]).
[1839.] In some of its applications, particularly in old Latin, the conjunctive particle quod can hardly be distinguished from the pronoun quod, as follows:
[1840.] (1) In old Latin, quod, why, for what, is sometimes used with veniō and mittō. Thus, as in id vēnimus, Pl. MG. 1158, that’s why we’ve come, id is used to define the purpose of the motion ([1144]), so also quod, in quod vēnī, ēloquar, T. Hau. prol. 3, what I’ve come for, I’ll set forth. Instead of quod, more explicitly quam ob rem: as, quam ob rem hūc sum missa, Pl. R. 430, what I am sent here for.
[1841.] (2.) quod, why, for what, is used in such expansions as quid est quod? quid habēs quod? or nihil est quod: as,