quid est quod mē excīvistī? Pl. E. 570, why is it that you’ve called me out? ([1144]). Usually with the subjunctive ([1563]): as, quid est quod plūra dīcāmus? Clu. 59, what reason is there for saying more? For quod, sometimes quā rē, quam ob rem, cūr, &c. The question itself is also sometimes varied: as, quid fuit causae, cūr in Āfricam Caesarem nōn sequerēre? Ph. 2, 71, what earthly reason was there, why you should not have followed Caesar to Africa?
[1842.] (3.) quod, as to what, or that, is used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to introduce a fact on which something is to be said, often by way of protest or refutation: as,
vērum quod tū dīcis, nōn tē mī īrāscī decet, Pl. Am. 522, but as to what you say, it is n’t right that you should get provoked with me. quod multitūdinem Germānōrum in Galliam trādūcat, id sē suī mūniendī causā facere, 1, 44, 6, as to his moving a great many Germans over to Gaul, that he did for self-protection ([1722]). This construction is particularly common in Caesar, and in Cicero’s letters.
[1843.] When quod, in case, suppose, although, introduces a mere conjecture or a concession, the subjunctive is used ([1554]): as, quod quispiam ignem quaerat, extinguī volō, Pl. Aul. 91, in case a man may come for fire, I want the fire put out. This use is principally found in old Latin, but once or twice also in Cicero.
[1844.] quod, that, the fact that, is often used in subordinate sentences which serve to complete the sense of the main sentence.
[1845.] The sentence with quod may represent a subject, as with accēdit; an object, as with praetereō, &c.; or any case of a substantive; frequently it is in apposition with a demonstrative or an appellative: as,
([a.]) accēdēbat, quod suōs ab sē līberōs abstrāctōs dolēbant, 3, 2, 5, there was added this fact, that they lamented that their own children were torn from them; or less clumsily, then too they lamented. praetereō, quod eam sibī̆ domum sēdemque dēlēgit, in quā cōtīdiē virī mortis indicia vidēret, Clu. 188, I pass over the fact that she picked out a house to live in, in which she would see, day in day out, things to remind her of her husband’s death. illud minus cūrō, quod congessistī operāriōs omnēs, Br. 297, I am not particularly interested in the fact that you have lumped together all sorts of cobble and tinkers. (b.) Caesar senātūs in eum beneficia commemorāvit, quod rēx appellātus esset ā senātū, 1, 43, 4, Caesar told off the kindnesses of the senate to the man, the fact that ‘he had been styled king by the senate’ ([1722]). quō factō duās rēs cōnsecūtus est, quod animōs centuriōnum dēvinxit et mīlitum voluntātēs redēmit, Caes. C. 1, 39, 4, thus he killed two birds with one stone: he won the hearts of the officers, and he bought golden opinions of the rank and file. hōc ūnō praestāmus vel maximē ferīs, quod conloquimur inter nōs, DO. 1, 32, in this one circumstance do we perhaps most of all surpass brutes, that we can talk with each other. labōre et industriā et quod adhibēbat grātiam, in prīncipibus patrōnīs fuit, Br. 233, thanks to his untiring industry, and to his bringing his winning manners to bear, he figured among the leaders of the bar.
[1846.] accēdit, as the passive of addō, often has the subjunctive with ut: see [1965]. addō quod, especially in the imperative form adde quod, occurs in Accius, Terence, Lucretius, Horace, and Ovid. adiciō quod begins with Livy.
[1847.] The sentence with quod is often introduced by a prepositional expression, such as eō with dē, ex, in, prō, rarely with cum; or id with ad in Livy, super in Tacitus.
[1848.] nisi quod, or in Plautus and Terence nisi quia, but for the fact that, except, only that, and praeter quam quod, besides the fact that, are used in limitations: as, nihil peccat, nisi quod nihil peccat, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 1, he erreth naught, save that he naught doth err. Livy has also super quam quod. tantum quod in the sense of nisi quod is rare; more commonly of time, just, hardly.