Gallia est dīvīsa in partēs trēs, quārum ūnam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquītānī, tertiam Celtae. hī omnēs linguā, īnstitūtīs, lēgibus inter sē differunt, 1, 1, 1, Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which is occupied by Belgians, another by Aquitanians, and the third by Kelts. In language, customs, and laws these are all different from each other. apud Helvētiōs nōbilissimus fuit Orgetorīx. is M. Messālā et M. Pīsōne cōnsulibus coniūrātiōnem nōbilitātis fēcit, 1, 2, 1, among the Helvetians the man of highest rank was Orgetorix. In the consulship of Messala and Piso he got up a conspiracy among the nobles. angustōs sē fīnīs habēre arbitrābantur. hīs rēbus adductī cōnstituērunt ea quae ad proficīscendum pertinērent comparāre. ad eās rēs cōnficiendās biennium sibī̆ satis esse dūxērunt. ad eās rēs cōnficiendās Orgetorīx dēligitur. is sibī̆ lēgātiōnem suscēpit, 1, 2, 5, they thought they had a narrow territory; so they resolved in consequence to make such preparations as were necessary for a move. They considered two years ample to do this. Orgetorix is chosen to do this. He took upon himself the office of envoy.
[2130.] Particularly common are demonstrative words at the beginning of a new period, to show that the first action necessarily took place or was natural.
Dionȳsius tyrannus Syrācūsīs expulsus Corinthī puerōs docēbat; usque eō imperiō carēre nōn poterat, TD. 3, 27, after his expulsion from Syracuse, the tyrant Dionysius kept school at Corinth; so incapable was he of getting along without governing.
(b.) Relatives as Connectives.
[2131.] quī serves to connect a new period when it may be translated by a demonstrative, or when it is equivalent to et is, is autem, is enim, is igitur: as,
perpetrāret Anicētus prōmissa. quī nihil cunctātus poscit summam sceleris, Ta. 14, 7, Anicetus must carry out his agreement. Without any ado he asks to have the entire management of the crime. For other examples, see [1835].
[2132.] The neuter accusative quod, as to that, as to which, whereas, now, so, is used to connect a new period, especially before sī, nisi, etsī, utinam ([1837]): as,
quod sī tū valērēs, iam mihī̆ quaedam explōrāta essent, Att. 7, 2, 6, whereas if you were well yourself, some points would have been clear to me before this. quod sī diūtius alātur contrōversia, fore utī pars cum parte cīvitātis cōnflīgat, 7, 32, 5, now if the dispute be kept up any longer, one half of the community would quarrel with the other. quod nisi mīlitēs essent dēfessī, omnēs hostium cōpiae dēlērī potuissent, 7, 88, 6, so if the soldiers had not been utterly spent, all the forces of the enemy might have been exterminated.
(2.) CONJUNCTIONS AND ADVERBS.