View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, Vol. 3

by Henry Hallam

Literature. See [Learning].

Lollards, rise of the, iii. [388];
their resemblance to the Puritans, [389].

Lombards, original settlement of the, i. 8 and note ^t;
extension of their dominions, ib.;
defeated by Pepin and Charlemagne, 9;
their mode of legislating, 212;
position of their Roman subjects, 295;
progress of their cities, 365;
frequency of wars between them, ib.;
acquisition of territories by them, 368;
democratic tyranny of the larger cities, 369;
destruction of Lodi by the Milanese, ib. and note ⁱ;
courage of the citizens of Como, 370;
exclusion of royal palaces from Lombard cities, ib.;
siege and subjugation of Milan by Frederic Barbarossa, 371, 372;
efforts of the Milanese to regain their freedom, 372;
destruction of Milan, 373;
league of the Lombard cities, 374;
defeat and flight of Barbarossa, 375;
peace of Constance, 376;
their successful resistance a lesson to tyrants, 376, 377;
their wars with Frederic II., 387;
party nature of these struggles, 388;
arrangement of the Lombard cities, 388, 389;
chequered results of their conflicts with Frederic, 390;
their papal supporters, ib.;
causes of their success, 392;
their means of defence, 394, 395;
internal government of their cities, 395;
revival of the office of podestà, 396;
position of aristocratic offenders amongst them, 397;
duties and disabilities of the podestà, 397, 398;
their internal dissensions, 398, 399;
artisan clubs and aristocratic fortifications, 400;
vindictiveness of conquerors of all classes, 401;
inflammatory nature of private quarrels, and their disastrous results, 402;
effect of Giovanni di Vicenza's exhortations, 403, 404;
moral deducible from the fall of the Lombard republics, 408, 409;
the Visconti in Lombardy, 464.
See [Visconti].

Longchamp (William, bishop of Ely), constitutional precedent established by the banishment of, ii. 325.

London, early election of the magistrates of, iii. [219];
its municipal divisions, [220];
its first lord mayor, [221];
not exclusively a city of traders, [223];
its extent and population, ib.;
comparison with Paris, [224].

Loria (Roger di), naval successes of, i. 484.

Lothaire (son of Louis the Debonair), associated in power with his father, i. 15;
his jealousy of his half-brother, 16;
territories allotted to him, 16, 17, and notes ^{o, p};
cause of his excommunication, ii. 169, 170.

Lothaire (duke of Saxony), elected emperor of Germany, ii. 71 and note ^p;
failure of his scheme of succession, 72;
the picture and couplet relative to his coronation, 195 note ^g.

Louis of Bavaria, emperor of Germany, ii. 85;
his contest with the popes, 234;
he aids the Visconti, 235;
he dies unabsolved, 236.

Louis I. (the Debonair) succeeds Charlemagne, i. 14;
his cruelty to his nephew, ib.;
his character, 15;
associates his sons in power with him, ib.;
his second marriage and its consequences, 16;
enmity of the clergy against him, ib.;
his practice relative to the hearing of causes, 239, note ^h;
his attempted deposition by the bishops, ii. 155, 156;
he prohibits trial by ordeal, iii. [295] [note] ^x.