Two years were still to drag their weary length along before the greatest figure of the seventeenth century passed away from the struggles and the disappointments of life. They were years of domestic misfortune and public gloom. In the fatal year 1711 the Dauphin and his eldest son, the duke of Burgundy, the much-loved pupil of Fénélon, were carried off by the smallpox. The heir of France was the baby duke of Anjou, and the only legitimate member of the royal family capable of acting as regent was the libertine and atheist Philip of Orléans. As Louis XIV. looked into the future he could see nothing but what he most dreaded for France. As he turned his eyes to the present the picture was one of sombre misery unrelieved. In his despair of being able to make public affairs better, Louis turned in the closing years of his life with almost feverish excitement to the task of atoning for his sins. Urged on by Madame de Maintenon he determined to root out heresy from his dominions while still it was possible. He attacked the Jansenists, procured their condemnation by Pope Clement XI., and destroyed Port Royal, the home of the keenest intellects and perhaps the noblest lives in France. His death, 1715. In the middle of this strife of mistaken duty his own call came, and on the 15th of September 1715 the great king breathed his last, leaving a weakly child of five the inheritor of his power. It was a sad and pathetic ending to a career often mistaken, but never ignoble. The sun set indeed amid dark and murky clouds. Yet on the page of history he shines out in clear predominance over all contemporary sovereigns, and of him it may be said, with more truth than of most kings or statesmen, that during a reign extending over more than half a century the motive and inspiration of his every thought and plan was the glory and welfare of his country.
APPENDIX I.
| England. | France. | The Empire. | Spain. | The Papacy. | Brandenburg. | Sweden. | Russia. | Turkey. | Denmark. | ||
| 1598. | Elizabeth. | Henry IV. | Rudolf II. | Philip III. | Clement VIII. | Joachim Frederick. | Sigismond of Poland. | Boris Godunoff. | Mohammed III. | Christian IV. | 1598. |
| 1603. | James I. | Achmet. | 1603. | ||||||||
| 1604. | Charles IX. | 1604. | |||||||||
| 1605. | Paul V. | The Troublous Times. | 1605. | ||||||||
| 1608. | John Sigismund. | 1608. | |||||||||
| 1610. | Louis XIII. | 1610. | |||||||||
| 1611. | Gustavus Adolphus. | 1611. | |||||||||
| 1612. | Matthias. | Michael Romanoff. | 1612. | ||||||||
| 1617. | Mustapha I. | 1617. | |||||||||
| 1618. | Osman II. | 1618. | |||||||||
| 1619. | Ferdinand II. | George William. | 1619. | ||||||||
| 1621. | Philip IV. | Gregory XV. | 1621. | ||||||||
| 1622. | Mustapha I. (restored). | 1622. | |||||||||
| 1623. | Murad IV. | 1623. | |||||||||
| 1624. | Urban VIII. | 1624. | |||||||||
| 1625. | Charles I. | 1625. | |||||||||
| 1632. | Christina. | 1632. | |||||||||
| 1637. | Ferdinand III. | 1637. | |||||||||
| 1640. | Frederick William. | Ibrahim. | 1640. | ||||||||
| 1643. | Louis XIV. d. 1715. | 1643. | |||||||||
| 1644. | Innocent X. | 1644. | |||||||||
| 1645. | Alexis. | 1645. | |||||||||
| 1648. | Mohammed IV. | Frederick III. | 1648. | ||||||||
| 1649. | The Commonwealth. | 1649. | |||||||||
| 1654. | Charles X. | 1654. | |||||||||
| 1655. | Alexander VII. | 1655. | |||||||||
| 1658. | Leopold I. | 1658. | |||||||||
| 1660. | Charles II. | Charles XI. | 1660. | ||||||||
| 1665. | Charles II. | 1665. | |||||||||
| 1667. | Clement IX. | 1667. | |||||||||
| 1670. | Clement X. | Christian V. | 1670. | ||||||||
| 1676. | Innocent XI. | Theodore. | 1676. | ||||||||
| 1682. | Peter and Ivan | 1682. | |||||||||
| 1685. | James II. | 1685. | |||||||||
| 1687. | Suleiman II. | 1687. | |||||||||
| 1688. | William III. | Frederick III. | 1688. | ||||||||
| 1689. | Alexander VII. | Peter the Great. d. 1724. | 1689. | ||||||||
| 1691. | Innocent XII. | Achmet II. | 1691. | ||||||||
| 1695. | Mustapha II. | 1695. | |||||||||
| 1697. | Charles XII. d. 1720. | 1697. | |||||||||
| 1699. | Frederick IV. d. 1730. | 1699. | |||||||||
| 1700. | Philip V. d. 1746. | Clement XI. d. 1724. | 1700. | ||||||||
| 1702. | Anne. | 1702. | |||||||||
| 1703. | Achmet III. deposed 1727. | 1703. | |||||||||
| 1705. | Joseph I. | 1705. | |||||||||
| 1711. | Charles VI. d. 1742. | 1711. | |||||||||
| 1713. | Frederick William. d. 1740. | 1713. | |||||||||
| 1714. | George I. d. 1727. | 1714. |
APPENDIX II.
The House of Bourbon.
CHARLES OF BOURBON = d. of Vendôme, | 1537. | | +----------------------------------------------------+----------- | Antony, = Jeanne d’Albert, 1562. | Q. of Navarre. | HENRY IV., = Marie de Medicis. 1610. | | +----------+------------+------------------------+-------------- | | | | LOUIS XIII., = Anne of Elizabeth = PHILIP IV. Christina = Victor Amadeus 1643. | Austria. of Spain. of Savoy. | +-------------------------------+ | | LOUIS XIV., = Maria Theresa, Philip of = Henrietta, d. 1715. | d. of PHILIP IV. Orleans, of CHARLES I. | of Spain. 1701. | Louis the = Maria of Dauphin. | Bavaria. 1711. | +-------------------------------+ | | Louis, d. of = Marie of PHILIP V. of Spain, Burgundy, | Savoy. d. of Anjou. 1712. | | | | LOUIS XV. of France. Continuation of family tree to the right of above. Francoise of Alençon. ------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | | Margaret = Francois, d. of Louis, Prince | Nevers, 1562. of Condé, | 1569. Henrietta = Louis Gonzaga | of Mantua. | | ------+-----------------------------+ | | | | Gaston d. of = Marie of Henrietta = CHARLES I. | Orleans, | Montpensier. Maria. of England. | 1660. | | | | Anne of Montpensier +----------------+ (La Grande Demoiselle), | | 1693. HENRY I. of Francois, Condé, Prince of 1588. Conti, _ob._ | _s.p._ 1614. HENRY II. of Condé. 1646. | +---------------+---------------+ | | | LOUIS II. Armand, Anne, d. of the Great, Prince of Longueville, 1686. Conti, 1666. 1679. | | HENRY, | 1709. | | | LOUIS III. | | +-----------------+ | | Louis Armand, Francois Louis, 1685. 1709.
APPENDIX III.
The Succession to Cleves-Jülich.
