[197]. Abstract, Thirteenth Census, p. 197.

[198]. For a full statement of opposite opinions on this subject, see Willcox, W. F., “The Distribution of Immigrants in the United States,” Quart. Jour. of Econ., August, 1906; and Fairchild, H. P., “Distribution of Immigrants,” Yale Review, November, 1907.

[199]. Cf. Balch, Emily G., Our Slavic Fellow-Citizens, pp. 317–319; and Addams, Jane, Newer Ideals of Peace, pp. 65–68.

[200]. Quotations are from the abstract of that report.

[201]. Lord, Trenor, and Barrows, Italians in America, p. 70; Bushee, F. A., Ethnic Factors in the Population of Boston, p. 29.

[202]. Lord, Trenor, and Barrows, op. cit., p. 72.

[203]. Bushee, op. cit., p. 30.

[204]. Almy, Frederic, “The Huddled Poles of Buffalo,” The Survey, Feb. 4, 1911.

[205]. Thompson, Carl D., “Socialists and Slums,” Milwaukee, The Survey, Dec. 3, 1910. Cf. Byington, Margaret F., Homestead, pp. 131–136.

[206]. Cf. description of conditions in a manufacturing town, Fitch, John A., Lackawanna, The Survey, Oct. 7, 1911, p. 936.