[XI-55] Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon., p. 114.
[XI-56] Abert's New Mex., in Emory's Reconnoissance, p. 470-1, with 3 views. The most ancient and extraordinary of all the Pueblos, on a table of 60 acres, 360 feet above the plain. Identical with Coronado's Acuco. Domenech's Deserts, vol. i., pp. 202-3; Gregg's Com. Prairies, vol. i., pp. 277-8.
[XI-57] Gregg's Com. Prairies, vol. i., p. 277; Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon., p. 121; view of San Felipe, in Abert's New Mex., in Emory's Reconnoissance, p. 461.
[XI-58] Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon., pp. 13-4. 'The houses of this town are built in blocks.' 'To enter, you ascend to this platform by the means of ladders;' windows in the upper part of the lower story. Abert's New Mex., in Emory's Reconnoissance, p. 462, with view; Möllhausen's Journey, p. 231, with view; Domenech's Deserts, vol. i., p. 197.
[XI-59] Meline's Two Thousand Miles, pp. 206-7.
[XI-60] Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon., pp. 90-3. 'It is divided into four solid squares, having but two streets, crossing its centre at right angles. All the buildings are two stories high, composed of sun-dried brick. The first story presents a solid wall to the street, and is so constructed, that each house joins, until one fourth of the city may be said to be one building. The second stories rise from this vast, solid structure, so as to designate each house, leaving room to walk upon the roof of the first story between each building.' Hughes' Doniphan's Ex., p. 195; see also Whipple, in Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. iii., pp. 67-8, with view; Möllhausen's Journey, p. 97.
[XI-61] Ives' Colorado Riv., pp. 119-24, with plates.
[XI-62] 'Each pueblo contains an estufa, which is used both as a council-chamber and a place of worship, where they practice such of their heathen rites as still exist among them. It is built partly under ground, and is considered a consecrated and holy place. Here they hold all their deliberations upon public affairs, and transact the necessary business of the village.' Davis' El Gringo, p. 142. 'In the west end of the town [S. Domingo] is an estuffa, or public building, in which the people hold their religious and political meetings. The structure, which is built of adobes, is circular in plan, about nine feet in elevation, and thirty-five feet in diameter, and, with no doors or windows laterally, has a small trap-door in the terrace or flat roof by which admission is gained.' Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon., p. 62. Estufa at Jemez, with plates of paintings. Id., pp. 21-2, pl. 7-11.
[XI-63] Emory's Reconnoissance, p. 30, with plate; Abert's New Mex., in Id., pp. 446-7, 483, with plate; Davis' El Gringo, p. 55; Hughes' Doniphan's Ex., pp. 74-5; Meline's Two Thousand Miles, pp. 255-8; Gregg's Com. Prairies, vol. i., pp. 270-3; Möllhausen, Reisen in die Felsengeb., tom. ii., pp. 293-8; Cutt's Conq. of Cal., p. 79; Domenech's Deserts, vol. i., pp. 164-5, Baldwin's Anc. Amer., p. 79, with cut.
[XI-64] Gage's New Survey, p. 162; Gregg's Com. Prairies, vol. i., pp. 164-5; Davis' El Gringo, pp. 70, 123-7; Abert's New Mex., in Emory's Reconnoissance, pp. 488-9; Domenech's Deserts, vol. i., pp. 182-3; Wizlizenus' Tour, p. 25; Carleton's Ruins of Abó, in Smithsonian Rept., 1854, pp. 300-15; Möllhausen, Flüchtling, tom. i., pp. 718-25, 229, 239, 267-72; Id., Reisen, tom. ii., pp. 296, 405-6; Froebel's Cent. Amer., p. 301; Id., Aus Amer., tom. ii., pp. 150-2; Gallatin, in Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1851, tom. cxxxi., pp. 298-9. Abert, in Emory's Reconnoissance, pp. 466-7, 484, tells us that at Tezique the ruins of the ancient Indian town are partially covered with the buildings of the modern; also that at Poblazon, on the Puerco River, the principal ruins of stone are arranged in a square with sides of 200 yards, but other remains are scattered in the vicinity, including a circular and one elliptical enclosure. According to Gregg, Com. Prairies, vol. ii., p. 71, the inhabitants were driven from Valverde, on the Rio Grande, by the Navajos. Möllhausen, Journey, vol. ii., p. 55, speaks of ruins on rocky heights two miles from Laguna. 'The ruins of what is usually called Old San Felipe are plainly visible, perched on the edge of the mésa, about a mile above the present town, on the west side of the river.' Simpson's Jour. Mil. Recon., p. 121.