Multaj vilaĝoj troviĝas tie, many villages are (situated) there.
Egipto troviĝas en la nordorienta parto de Afriko, Egypt is (found) in the northeastern part of Africa.
Li sin trovis sola en la dezerto, he found himself (he was) alone in the desert.
La urbo kuŝis inter du lagoj, the city lay between two lakes.
Sur la montflanko sidis vilaĝeto, on the mountainside perched a tiny village.
SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION.
1. Alexander the Great wished to unite the whole world into one vast empire. 2. He intended that all the different peoples should conform to common laws and that their sons-and-daughters should speak one common language, and in spite of their love for their national languages, should leave-off speaking them. 3. Possibly he might have accomplished his object to some extent (217), if he had not died suddenly when he was only thirty-two years old. 4. His soldiers marched weeping past his tent, to bid farewell to their dying leader. 5. They must have esteemed him very highly! 6. It was Alexander who founded the city of Alexandria, in Egypt, where approximately three hundred years before Christ the famous Alexandrian library was located. 7. It contained an enormous collection-of-books — almost seven hundred thousand. 8. Alas, this extensive library was destroyed by fire! 9. Alexander, who "sighed for other worlds to conquer," did not even know of the existence of North and South America, Australia, or even of England and Northern Europe. 10. Beside his Asiatic empire, he knew very little of Asia, even of China, with its millions of inhabitants. 11. How small the world was in those days!
LESSON LIX.
THE POSITION OF UNEMPHATIC PRONOUNS.
274. An unemphatic personal, indefinite or demonstrative pronoun very frequently precedes the verb of which it is the object. This is especially true if the verb in question is an infinitive:
Mi volas lin vidi, I wish to see him.
Li povos tion fari, he will be able to do that.
Vi devus ion manĝi, you ought to eat something.
Ĉu vi ĝin kredis? Did you believe it?
Se li min vidus, li min savus, if he should see me, he would save me.
Cf. in other languages, as in German ich möchte ihn sehen, French je veux le voir, Latin se alunt, me defendi, etc. That such pronouns are unemphatic can be seen from English let her come (= let'er come), make him stop (= make'im stop), etc., in which the unemphatic forms er, im, replace him, her, in pronunciation (cf. the Greek enclitic pronouns μοϋ, μοί, μέ, σον, σοι, σέ, οϋ, οι, έ, the Sanskrit enclitic forms mā, me, tvā, te, nas, vas, enam, enat, enām, also sīm, and the Avestan ī, īm). The same phenomenon is indicated in prithee (= pray thee), and in the spellings gimme (= give me), lemme (= let me), in dialect stories.
SOME INTRANSITIVE VERBS.
275. Some intransitive verbs have English meanings which do not differ in form from the transitive English verbs to which they are related. In Esperanto the suffix -ig- (214) must be used when the transitive meaning is desired. Some examples are given in the following table: