History of Rationalism Embracing a Survey of the Present State of Protestant Theology - J. F. Hurst

Neander, first of Mediation Theologians. His youth, and early publications, [249].
Theological views, [249], [250].
The chief characteristic of his theology, [250].
Various writings, [251].
Conception of Church history, [251], [252].
Valuable service to evangelical theology, [252].
Relation to his times, [252].
Personal appearance, [253], [254].
Life of Christ, in reply to Strauss, [272], [273].
Newman, F. W., his life resembles Blanco White's, [517].
His Phases of Faith, [518].
Became a Missionary, [518].
His opinions, [518], [519].
Nicolai, his Universal German Library, [147].
Object of that journal to oppose all orthodox publications, [147].
Its great influence, [147], [148].
Berlin affected by it, [148].
Norton, Andrews, professor in Harvard University, [540].

Opzoomer, professor at Utrecht, [371].
His manual of logic, [371].
Orthodoxy, inactivity of, in the Church of Holland, [356].

Parker, Theodore, as a reformer, [564].
Personal history, [565].
His radicalism, [566].
His theological opinions, [566-571].
Pattison, M., writes in Essays and Reviews on Tendencies of Religious Thought in England, 1688-1750, [492].
Paul, Jean, called attention to necessity of parental training of children, [187].
Paulus, attempt of, to prove Luther a Rationalist, [31].
Pecaut, holds that Deism should be substituted for the doctrines of Protestantism, [402].
His opinions, [402], [403].
Periodical skeptical press of England, [477].
Pestalozzi's labors for the amelioration of orphans, [188].
His ideal of a school, [188].
Philosophy of the period anterior to rise of Pietism, [82], [83].
Service of speculative philosophy in aid of religion, [167].
Philosophers do not communicate directly with the people, [471], [472].
Pierson, his relation to Opzoomer, [371].
His opinions contained in two works, [371], [372].
His exposition of the "New Theology," [372].
He holds that reason must determine what is revelation, [373].
Specimen of Pierson's style, [374].
Pietism, agencies leading to rise of, [55].
Objection brought against Pietism, [85].
What Pietism proposed to do, [85].
It was confounded with mysticism, [88].
Pietism commenced upon the principle that the Church was corrupt, [88].
The means proposed by Pietism to improve the Church, [88], [89].
Secret of the fall of Pietism, [102].
Mistake of Lutheranism in failing to adopt it in the Church, [102].
Relation of Pietism to the German Protestant Church, [102].
Pietists, charged with literary barrenness, [101].
Positivism, the work of Compte alone, [390].
Powell, Baden, on the study of evidences of Christianity, in Essays and Reviews, [487].
His opinions, [487-489].
Preaching, defective, in Germany in seventeenth century, [69], [70].
Privy Council of England, [498], [note].
Professors and students, intimacy between German, [309].
Prophecy, opinion of German Rationalists concerning, [211-214].
Protestantism, concessions of, to the civil magistrate, [37].
Protestant Friends, [283].
Pulpit of Holland, low state of preaching in the, [334].

Rationalism, danger of failing to appreciate magnitude of, [1].
Necessity of immediate defence against infidelity, [2].
Rationalism not an unmixed evil in its results, [4].
The term Rationalism not of recent origin, [6].
Rationalists in England in 1646, [6].
Rationalism defined by Rückert, [7, note];
by Wegscheider in Institutiones Dogmaticæ, [8-11];
by Stäudlin, [11], [12];
by Professor Hahn, [12], [13];
by Hugh James Rose, [13-16];
by A. McCaul, [16-19];
by M. Saintes, [19-21];
by Lecky, [22], [23].
Rationalists acknowledge justice of the definitions of their opponents, [24].
Several kinds of Rationalists, [24-26].
Peculiar advantages of Rationalism over other forms of Skepticism, [26].
Rationalists do not discard the Bible, but claim to give a proper interpretation, [27].
Shrewdness of Rationalism in its initial steps, [30].
Motives of the early Rationalists, [31].
Rationalism measured by four things, [32-35].
Rationalism acknowledges no hallowed ground, [33].
Spirit of Rationalism, bitter, [34].
Completeness of destructive work of Rationalism, [35].
The term Rationalism came into use in early part of nineteenth century, [239].
Rationalism, injured by its excessive demands, [255-256].
Rationalism assumed a revolutionary and atheistic form after the publication of Strauss' Life of Jesus, [281].
Rise of Rationalism in Holland, [333].
Undercurrent of Rationalism in Dutch Church, extending back to Synod of Dort, [346].
Rationalism in French Protestant Church, [391-409];
in Switzerland, [432-439];
in England, [455].
Three forms of Rationalism in England, [455].
Indirect service of Rationalism, [579-586].
Philosophical Rationalism in England commenced with Coleridge, [455].
Literature of Rationalism, [590-606], Appendix.
Rationalists among the English Jews, Roman Catholics, Quakers, and Unitarians, [533].
Rationalists, German, had no common system, [198].
Reason therefore, [198].
The principal parts of their system, [200-218].
Results of their opinions, [218], [219].
Recordite party in the Low Church, [511].
Reformation endangered by controversies, [45].
Reformed Church, purity and progress of, in seventeenth century, [76].
Reformers, difference between, and Rationalists, [31], [32].
Faults of the immediate successors of the Reformers, [37].
Disputes of the Reformers, [38].
Regeneration, Unitarian opinion of, [551], [552].
Reinhard avowed himself in favor of subordination of reason to faith, [239].
Religion, opinion of German Rationals on, [199].
Renan, his greatest celebrity due to his Life of Jesus, [403].
His opinions, [403], [404].
Reception of his Life of Jesus, [405].
Results of that publication declared by De Pressensé to be beneficial, [406].
Literature arising from Renan's Life of Jesus, [596-598], Appendix.
"Reunion of Christian Friends in Holland," result of revival in the Dutch church, [361].
Monthly Journal of the organization, [361].
Réville, his exposition of the so-called Liberal Theology, [394-396].
Revival in the Dutch church, [358].
Revue de Théologie, organ of French Critical School, [396].
Edited by Scherer, [396].
Roell, Professor, declared the necessity of reason for a proper interpretation of the Scriptures, [348], [349].
Röhr, his Briefe über den Rationalismus, [34].
Principles contained therein, [238], [239].
Rothe, ethical system, [300].
His recent work on Dogmatic Theology, [300].
Principles taught therein, [301-303].
Rougemont, his opinions, [400], [401].
Rousseau, his description of French skepticism during the reign of Louis XV, [118].
The proposition which he sought to establish, [121].
The key to his creed, [122].
His popularity in Germany, [186].
Rupp, Pastor, attacked the Athanasian symbol, [284].

Sabbath, neglect of, in Germany, [37].
Schaff, description of Neander's appearance, [253], [254].
Declares the indirect service of Rationalism, [580], [582], [583].
Schelling, his natural philosophy, [164].
His opposite and parallel sciences, [164].
Schenkel, elevation by Baden government, [303].
His late skeptical book, Picture of the Character of Jesus, [303].
Principles taught therein, [304].
Clerical protest against his continuance in authority, [305].
Scherer, member of the French Critical School. Departure from orthodoxy, [396].
His view of Protestantism, [397].
Opinion of the New Testament, [397], [398].
The Bible, according to his exegesis, [398], [399].
His low estimate of Christ's Miracles, [399], [400].
Schiller at Weimar, [178], [179].
His prayer on Sabbath morning, [179], [180].
An admirer of Paganism, [181].
Embodies the Kantian philosophy in verse, [182].
Schleiermacher, early training of, [224].
Residence in Berlin as chaplain, [224].
His philosophy derived from Jacobi, [224].
His Discourses, [225], [226].
Purpose of that work, [225], [226].
Schleiermacher's conception of religion, [226], [227].
His Monologues, [228], [229].
His System of Doctrines, [241].
Principles taught therein, [241-243].
The great service of that work, [243], [244].
Information concerning Schleiermacher, [243, note].
His defective view of the Trinity, [244].
General character of his theology, [245], [246].
His school, [256], [257].
Scholasticism, one of the elements of the degeneracy of the Dutch Church, [336].
Scholten, founder of the Leyden School, [368].
His distinction between the principles and dogmas of a church, [368].
His view of historical criticism, [369].
Makes human nature the witness of truth of revelation, [369].
Defective view of sin, and denial of miracles, [370].
Schott, contended for the union of Reason and Revelation, [241].
Schurmann, Anna Maria, took part in the Cocceian controversy, [341].
Science, necessity of a proper view of, [586], [587].
No antagonism between Science and Revelation, [587].
Scriptures, study of, neglected in Germany in seventeenth century, [68].
Opinion of German Rationalists concerning credibility of Scriptures, [203-206].
The Rationalists conscious of importance of the Scriptures, [481].
Secession from the Church of Holland, [362].
Its failure, [363].
Semler, his early training, [128].
Difficulty concerning want of understanding of the number of the Biblical books, [129].
His celebrated accommodation-theory, [130].
His distinction between the local and temporary contents of the Scriptures, [130], [131].
His moderate affiliation with the English Deists, [131].
His repudiation of the French Skeptical School, [131].
His opinion concerning the world's independence of the Bible, [132].
He gained his greatest triumph against the history and doctrinal authority of the church, [132].
The beauty and purity of his private life, [133], [134].
His domestic life, [134].
Death of his daughter, [135], [136].
Semler's mental defects, [136].
His imitators, [137].
Fatal results of Semler's doctrines, [146], [147].
Seriousness and Peace, society called, [376].
Shaftesbury, Lord, cultivated the acquaintance of the leaders of skepticism in France and England, [115].
His violent hostility to Christianity, [115].
His Characteristics, [115].
Sin, Unitarian opinion of, [548-550].
Skepticism, the result of coldness, formalism, and controversy in the Church, [4].
Development of skepticism south and west of Germany, [112], [113].
Skepticism received the support of the educated and refined German circles during latter part of the eighteenth century, [149].
Historical record of skepticism, [563].
Skeptics, spirit of kindness toward, [587], [588].
Smith, John Pye, his statement concerning the inferior character of replies to the English Deists, [117].
Speculative Rationalism in Zürich, Periodicals favoring, [434].
Opinions of the Speculative Rationalists concerning the Scriptures and Christ, [435-437];
immortality, [437], [438];
sin, [438];
faith, [438], [439].
Spener, Philip Jacob, his testimony on neglect of children, [63], [64].
His University life and pastoral labors, [89], [90].
His labors in behalf of children, [90].
The Collegia Pietatis, [90], [91].
Spener's Pia Desideria, [91].
His childlike nature, [91], [92].
His literary activity, [92].
Bitterness of his enemies after his death, [92], [93].
Spinoza, [103], [281].
Stanley, Dean of Westminster, his works, [523].
Rationalistic concessions in his Jewish Church, [524].
His late article in the Westminster Review, [524], [525].
Stevenson, description of Fliedner's Deaconess Institute, [317], [318].
Synod of Dort, [334].
Stoddard, Venerable, did not believe in excluding unregenerate persons from the Lord's Supper, [537].
Strauss, his Life of Jesus the outgrowth of long-standing doubt, [29].
Strauss a Left-Hegelian, [258].
Popular reception of his Life of Jesus, [259].
Extraordinary character of the contents of that work, [259], [260].
Strauss had an erroneous view of history, [260].
He contended that Christ was a mythical personage, [261-263].
Doctrines contained in the Life of Jesus, [263-270].
Replies to that work, [273], [274].
His late work, Life of Jesus Popularly Treated, designed for the laity, [275].
Contents of that work, [276], [277].
Strauss' System of Doctrine, an embodiment of Hegelian philosophy, [281].
Rejection from professorship in Zürich, [432], [433].
Success dependent on strenuous effort, [577], [578].
Supernaturalism. This term came into frequent use in early part of nineteenth century, [239].
Switzerland, decline in political influence, [425].
Low state of Swiss Protestant Church when Voltaire was at Ferney, [425], [426].

Temple, author of Education of the World, in Essays and Reviews, [482].
His opinions, [482-485].
Tendency, history of a mischievous, best means of resistance, [3].
Theologians in early part of seventeenth century, [67].
Theological taste, increase of, owing to the propagation of Semler's destructive criticism, [144].
Theological training in Geneva, neglect of, [426].
M. Bost's testimony, [426], [427].
Present elevated state of instruction, [431], [432].
Theology, Dutch, literalism of, [345].
Theology, union between, and philosophy, [35], [36].
The influence of theology as a science, in Germany, [146].
Improvement in contemporaneous German theology, [309], [310].
Thirty Years' War; principles involved and parties participating, [56].
Desperation and devastation of Thirty Years' War, [57].
Neglect of pastoral work, [57].
Great losses in population and wealth, [58].
Religious effect, [60].
Neglect of youth, [62].
Necessity of a popular reäwakening at the close of Thirty Years' War, [80], [81].
Tholuck, reply to De Wette's novel, [248].
Reply to Strauss' Life of Jesus, [271].
View of inspiration, [292].
Tholuck cannot be estimated by merely stating his definitions, [292], [293].
He cannot be classified, [293].
His various writings, [293].
Quotation from his work on Sin and Redemption, [293-295].
Thomasius, an eminent jurist, [98].
He gave his influence to Pietism, [99].
He defended the Pietists from the stand-point of statesmanship, [99].
Cultivated the German spirit, and delivered lectures in the German language, [99].
Tilly, his cruelty in warfare, [58], [59].
Tindal, his Christianity as Old as the World, replies to, [116].
Tittmann opposed Rationalism, [239], [240].
Toland, replies to his Christianity not Mysterious, [116].
Töllner; his attempt to harmonize the old German theology with the Wolffian philosophy, [112].
His point of difference from Wolff, [112].
His twofold conception of Scripture, [112].
His opinion of inspiration, [201], [202].
Tractarianism, [511-516].
Tracts for the Times, [516].
Tübingen School, [280].
Tzschirner contended for the harmonization of reason and revelation, [240].
His influence, [240].

Uhlich, Pastor, founder of Friends of Light, [283].
Ullmann, reply to Strauss, [273].
His Essence of Christianity, [289].
Opinions, [289].
Union of German Churches, [231], [232].
Task imposed upon the new State Church, [237].
Unitarian controversy between Channing and Worcester, [541].
Unitarians, their indefinite creed, [544].
Their general opinions, [546-552].
National convention in New York, [559], [560].
Unitarianism, opposed to orthodoxy, [544], [545].
Table showing its present state, [560, note].
Literature of Unitarianism, [606-609], Appendix.
Unitarian Journals, [609], Appendix.
United States, Church of, [534].
Separation of Church and State by the founders of the republic, [534].
Unity of Evangelical Churches, necessary to overcome Rationalism, [588], [589].
Universalists in America, [560].
Creed of the Universalists, [561], [562].
Table showing their present condition, [562, 563, note].
Literature of Universalism, [606-609], Appendix.
Universalist Journals, [609], Appendix.
Universities, immorality in German, in seventeenth century, [75], [76].

Van Oosterzee, his work in reply to Renan's Life of Jesus, [376].
Quotation from it, [377].
Professor in Utrecht, [377].
His works, [376], [377].
Vaughan, testimony of, concerning Schleiermacher's Discourses, [225], [226].
Opinion on Carlyle, [477].
Vénérable Compagnie of Geneva, prohibited ministerial candidates from preaching on prominent evangelical doctrines, [427].
Vinet, his works, and system of theology, [429].
Voltaire, relations of, with Rousseau, [119].
Voltaire in England, [119].
Favorable reception by the English court, [119], [120].
Reception at the court of Frederic the Great, [120], [121].
Disagreement between Voltaire and Frederic, [121].
Return of the former to France, [121].
Residence in Ferney, [121].
His destitution of religious principles, [121].
Popularity in Holland, [353].
Cold treatment by Boerhaave, [353].
Flattered by the Genevan pastors, [425].

Ware, an Anti-Trinitarian, chosen professor in Harvard University, [540].
Waterloo, battle of, commencement of a new era in the religion and politics of Europe, [356].
Weimar, celebrities of, [169], [170].
Wesleyan Missions in the Channel Islands and France, [388], [389].
Westminster Review, [477], [478].
Its lament over present elevated position of German Protestantism, [479].
Westphalia, peace of, its fruits, [59].
Wetstein, forerunner of Ernesti, [127].
Wichern, John Henry, address before the Church Diet at its first session, [324].
His Rough House near Hamburg, [324].
Results of training at that Institution, [325], [326].
Williams, Rowland, one of the writers in Essays and Reviews, [485].
His opinions, [485-487].
Wilson, H. B., discusses the question of the National Church in Essays and Reviews, [489].
His opinions, [489-491].
Wislicenus, his skeptical work, [283].
Wolff, his demonstrative philosophy, [103].
His good intentions, [104].
His description of his mental progress, [104].
Division of his philosophy into theoretical and practical departments, [105].
His opinion of what a revelation should contain, [105], [106].
He aimed to impress his principles upon the masses, [106].
His system destructive to Pietism, [107].
His eventful life, [107], [108].
Excitement produced by public discourse on Morals of Confucius, [108].
His deposition and banishment, [108].
Recalled by Frederic the Great, [108].
His reception at Halle, [108], [109].
The popular reception of the Wolffian system, [109].
Relation of Wolff's philosophy to German theology in eighteenth century, [110].
The Wolffian School, [111].
Wolfenbüttel Fragments, [149].
Their origin, [149], [150].
Principles contained in them, [150], [151].
Opposition to that work, [151].
Wollaston, his creed, and popularity of his works, [115].

Year-Books, Halle, an organ of Atheism, [282], [283].
Young Men's Christian Union of New York, [553-558].
Youth, multiplicity of publications for German, [189].
Teachers of the young became Rationalists, [189], [190].