[46.2] É. Aymonier, “Notes sur l’Annam,” Excursions et Reconnaissances, x. No. 24 (Saigon, 1885), pp. 308 sq.
[46.3] J. B. Neumann, “Het Pane en Bilastroomgebied op het eiland Sumatra,” Tijdschrift van het Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Tweede Serie, dl. iii., afdeeling, meer uitgebreide artikelen, No. 3 (Amsterdam, 1886), pp. 514 sq.; M. Joustra, “Het leven, de zeden en gewoonten der Bataks,” Mededeelingen van wege het Nederlandsche Zendelinggenootschap, xlvi. (1902) p. 411.
[47.1] H. Sundermann, Die Insel Nias und die Mission daselbst (Barmen, 1905), pp. 34 sq., 37, 84. Compare A. Fehr, Der Niasser im Leben und Sterben (Barmen, 1901), pp. 34-36; Th. C. Rappard, “Het eiland Nias en zijne bewoners,” Bijdragen tot de Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië, lxii. (1909) pp. 594, 596. The death penalty for these offences has been abolished by the Dutch Government, so far as it can make its arm felt in the island.
[47.2] Rev. J. Perham, “Petara, or Sea Dyak Gods,” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, No. 8, December 1881, p. 150; H. Ling Roth, The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo (London, 1896), i. 180. Petara is the general Dyak name for deity. The common idea is that there are many petaras, indeed that every man has his own. The word is said to be derived from Sanscrit and to be etymologically identical with Avatar, the Dyaks regularly substituting p or b for v. See Rev. J. Perham, op. cit. pp. 133 sqq.; H. Ling Roth’s Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo, i. 168 sqq.
[48.1] H. Ling Roth, “Low’s Natives of Borneo,” Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxi. (1892) pp. 113 sq., 133; compare id., ibid. xxii. (1893) p. 24.
[48.2] Spenser St. John, Life in the Forests of the Far East, Second Edition (London, 1863), i. 63 sq.
[49.1] Hugh Low, Sarawak (London, 1848), pp. 300 sq.
[50.1] Charles Hose and William McDougall, The Pagan Tribes of Borneo (London, 1912), ii. 196-199.
[50.2] Charles Brooke, Ten Years in Sarawak (London, 1866), i. 69 sq.
[51.1] A. W. Nieuwenhuis, Quer durch Borneo (Leyden, 1904-1907), i. 367.