[45] Reference, for Charlemagne's conquests, Emerton, Introduction, Chapter XIII; Oman, Dark Ages, Chapters XX–XXI.
[46] See [Readings], Chapter VII, and Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, Chapter V.
[47] See extracts from these regulations, and an account of one of Charlemagne's farms, in Readings, Chapter VII.
[48] For the capitulary relating to the duties of the missi, see [Reading]s, Chapter VII.
[50] These lines are taken from a manuscript written in 825. They form a part of a copy of Charlemagne's admonition to the clergy (789) mentioned below. The part here given is addressed to the bishops and warns them of the terrible results of disobeying the rules of the Church. Perhaps the scribe did not fully understand what he was doing, for he has made some of those mistakes which Charlemagne was so anxious to avoid. Then there are some abbreviations which make the lines difficult to read. They ought probably to have run as follows: ... mereamini. Scit namque prudentia vestra, quam terribili anathematis censura feriuntur qui praesumptiose contra statuta universalium conciliorum venire audeant. Quapropter et vos diligentius ammonemus, ut omni intentione illud horribile execrationis judicium ...
[51] See [Readings], Chapter VII.
[52] References for the reign of Louis the Pious, Henderson, Germany in the Middle Ages, Chapter VI; Oman, Dark Ages, Chapter XXIII.
[53] Named for Lothaire II.
[54] For the text and translation of the Strasburg oaths, see Emerton, Mediæval Europe, pp. 26–27, or Munro, Mediæval History, p. 20. A person familiar with Latin and French could puzzle out a part of the oath in the lingua romana; that in the lingua teudisca would be almost equally intelligible to one familiar with German.