[55]The following table will show the relationship of the descendants of Charlemagne:
[56] Who was too young to be considered in 884, but afterwards became king of France and progenitor of the later Carolingian rulers.
[57] Reference, Henderson, Germany in the Middle Ages, Chapter VII; Oman, Dark Ages, Chapter XXV.
[58] Reference, Munro, Mediæval History, pp. 34–39. The Northmen extended their expeditions to Spain, Italy, and even into Russia. In England, under the name of Danes, we find them forcing Alfred the Great to recognize them as the masters of northern England (878). The Norse pirates were often called vikings, from their habit of leaving their long boats in the vik, i.e., bay or inlet. A goodly number of the Northmen settled in Iceland, and our knowledge of their civilization and customs comes chiefly from the Icelandic sagas, or tales. Some of these are of great interest and beauty; perhaps none is finer than The Story of Burnt Njal. This and others may be read in English. See Readings, Chapter VIII.
[59] An account of the manor will be given later, [Chapter XVIII].
[60] See an example of an immunity granted by Charlemagne to a monastery, in Emerton, Introduction, pp. 246–249, also Munro, Mediæval History, p. 44. Other examples are given in the [Readings], Chapter IX.
[61] Extracts from the chronicles of the ninth century illustrating the disorder of the period will be found in the Readings, Chapter VIII.
[63] See an example of this form of grant in the seventh century in [Readings], Chapter IX. The reader will also find there a considerable number of illustrations of feudal contracts, etc.