[148] It must not be forgotten that the monks were regarded as belonging to the clergy. For the various new orders of monks and the conditions in the monasteries, see Munro, Mediæval History, Chapter XII, and Jessopp, Coming of the Friars, Chapter III, "Daily Life in a Mediæval Monastery."
[149] See [Readings], Chapter XVII.
[150] See [Readings], Chapter XVII, for the beliefs of the Albigenses.
[151] Examples of these decrees are given in Translations and Reprints, Vol. III, No. 6.
[152] His son married an English lady, became a leader of the English barons, and was the first to summon the commons to Parliament. See above, pp. [146–147].
[153] For the form of relaxation and other documents relating to the Inquisition, see Translations and Reprints, Vol. III, No. 6.
[154] The whole rule is translated by Henderson, Historical Documents, p. 344.
[155] In Italy and southern France town life was doubtless more general.
[156] The peasants were the tillers of the soil. They were often called villains, a word derived from vill.
[157] The manner in which serfs disappeared in England will be described later.