The classification used in this book was conceived in order to simplify the task of the student in mastering the Bohemian verb. The present indicative (identical with the simple future) is not only the most important tense but it is the only tense with fully developed personal endings. The imperative endings -me, -te are also endings of the present. All other tenses are compounded. The philological division into six classes is based upon the historical grammar.
Present indicative endings of the Bohemian verb.
| I. group | |
|---|---|
| Sing. | Plural |
| -u | -eme |
| -eš | -ete |
| -e | -ou |
| II. group | |
| Sing. | Plural |
| -ám | -áme |
| -áš | -áte |
| -á | -ají |
| III. group | |
| Sing. | Plural |
| -ím | -íme |
| -íš | -íte |
| -í | -í or ějí |
| IV. group | |
| Sing. | Plural |
| -í | -eme |
| -eš | -ete |
| -e | -í |
The main forms of the Bohemian verbs are:
The infinitive (neurčitý způsob) ending in -ti.
The present indicative, přítomný čas oznamovacího způsobu, its endings are given above.
| Past participle minulé příčestí | see [lesson VII.] Ex. psal |
| Passive participle trpné příčestí | see [lesson XXXVI.] Ex. chválen |
| Imperative rozkazovací způsob | see [lesson XVII.] Ex. piš! |
| Gerunds Přechodníky | see [lesson XXXVIII.] Ex. chváliv, chvále |
| Verbal nouns, Slovesná podstatná jména | see [lesson XXXVII.] Ex. chválení |
The various verbal forms are derived from a stem. This stem is obtained by detaching the personal endings. Ex.: trp-ím, trp-íš, trp-í, stem of the present ind. trp.—Trpě-l, trpě-la, trpě-n, participle stem trpě.
The root of the verb is that part present in all forms of regular verbs. Trp is the root of the verb trpěti.