Fourthly, Ne. serueth sometimes for the Pronoune primitiue, Noi, Vs, being euer of the Datiue or Accusatiue cases, except with verbes of priuation, with which it is of the Ablatiue. As for example, Vedẻndone giuocáre lui ne diẻde denári, Seeing vs play he gaue vs money. Incontrándone lui ne diẻde il buón giórno, Meeting vs, he bade vs good morrow, with priuatiue verbes, let this example serue. Lui ne hà tólto il nóstro ripóso, furátone i nóstri denári, ẻd ascóstone i nóstri béni, He hath taken from vs our rest, stolne our money from vs, and hidden our goods from vs.
Fifthly and lastly, Ne. being ioyned with a verbe doth most often and most commonly serue for an Aduerbe of quantity, or relation, signifying in English, Some, Of it, Any, Part of, There of, Of them, and sometimes, Therewith, hauing euer relation vnto the chief substantiue, mentioned, spoken of, or glanced at in the sentence, at being reciprocall vnto it, and is most elegantly and gracefully so often vsed of all the best Italians, to auoide that harshnesse or trouble of often iterating the same vpon euery occasion, and in continuance of the sense, as for example, Di grátia Signór mio se hauéte denári fátemene párte, Signóre Io non ne hò, se ne hauéssi, ve ne farẻi párte, quándo ne hauerò, ne potréte dispórre, mi dispiáce non hauérne, vísto chè tánti ne hánno, chè non ne sóno degni, &c. which in English is thus. Of courtesie Sir if you haue any money, lend me some. Sir I haue none, if I had any you should haue part thereof, when I shall haue some, you may dispose of it. I am sorry I haue not any, seeing so many haue some that are not worthy of it, &c. much more might be said of the vse thereof, but I thinke this sufficient. Now let vs come vnto the verbes.
Of verbes in generall.
A Verbe is a part of speech which varieth in times; for Verbe is that which signifieth time, or sheweth variation of time, implying euer an action or working either of body or minde. Amongst all the Verbs some are vnder certaine orders, and are called Regular, some are not, and they are called Irregular. All Uerbs that maybe reduced vnder certaine orders and infallible rules, haue heretofore by the Fathers and best writers of the Italian tongue (in imitation of the Latin) beene deuided and ranged into foure squadrons by them named Coniugations.
All those of the first Squadron or Coniugation are such as in their Infinitiue moodes end in Áre. with the accent ouer the last A. as Amáre, Balláre, Cantáre, Mangiáre, Saltáre, Tagliáre, and infinite others.
All those of the second Squadron or Coniugation are those that in the Infinitiue moode end in Ére, with the accent ouer the last E. sauing one, as Hauére, Godére, Possedére, Temére, Vedére, and infinite others.
All those of the third Squadron or Coniugation are those that in their Infinitiue moodes doe likewise end in Ére. with the accent ouer the last vowell sauing two, as Córrere, Frémere, Lẻggere, Nuócere, Rídere, Strídere, Tẻssere, and infinite others.
All those of the fourth Squadron or Coniugation are those that in their Infinitiue moodes end in Íre. with the accent ouer the first vowell sauing one, as Dormíre, Moríre, Nutríre, Obedíre, Patíre, Sentíre, Vdíre, &c.
All those Uerbes that may be reduced vnder certaine orders are called Regular, the number of which is infinite of euery Coniugation; where as those that more or lesse doe varie and estrange themselues from rules or order are called Irregular, whereof the number is but few, as shall appeare hereafter.
All Verbs be either Actiue and Transitiue, or Passiue & Reciprocall, or else Personall or Impersonall, of which we will say somewhat and of their seuerall vses: and because some tences of all verbes are coniugated either with the Participle and helpe of the Auxiliar, or as I may call it Mother-verbe, Hauére, or else with the Participle and helpe of the other Auxiliar and helping verbe Éssere. Know therefore that all Actiue or Transitiue verbs, that is to say, that passe into the subiect treated, meant, or spoken of, vse the helpe of the Auxiliar verbe Hauére, as Io hò veduti ẻt lẻtti mólti libri. Io hó trouáti póchi amíci. Io me l'hauéuo guadagnáto con l'árme in máno, &c. And the Passiue or Reciprocall verbs, that is to say, that returne vnto themselues with Mi. Ti. Si. Ci. Vi. which answere vnto Io. Tù. Lúi. Nói. Lóro. vse euer the helpe of the other Auxiliar verbe Éssere, as for example, Io mi sóno rallegráto del túo béne, ẻ tù ti sẻi dolúto del mío. Noi ci siámo accostáti a lui, ẻ vói vi siéte vergognáti di fárlo. Quándo loro si saránno partíti dál mál fáre, noi ci consolerémo, &c.