Sì. hath beene vsed for the Preposition Insíno, vntill, as thus, Nón si riténne di córrere sì fù a cása di lui, he staide not his running vntill he came to his house, &c.
Si. hath beene vsed sometimes for an ornament, as thus, Andò et si gli apẻrse, et si gli disse, &c.
Si. being ioyned or affixed vnto the third person of any verbe, be it singular or plurall, or to any Infinitiue moode, or to any Gerond, or to any Participle, as it is most often, and that both before and after them, your Maiesty ought diligently to consider and obserue whether, Si, hath reference and relation vnto persons animated, or creatures hauing life, namely men or women, or otherwise vnto creatures or things dead, and hauing no life, as also vnto actions of men or women, or as a man may say, whether in speech or writing the partie be ment and vnderstood himselfe, or whether but his action, and any dead thing else; for to some one of those two must euery verbe spoken, read or written necessarily haue relation, and of one of the two al meane and vnderstand. If Si. haue relation and reference vnto persons animated and hauing or hauing had life, you shall assuredly finde the Verbe to which Si. is affixed, to be of the Actiue or Transitiue signification, and Si. to be a Pronoune Primitiue, or as some say, deriuatiue, both of the singular and plurall number, both of the Masculine and Feminine gender, and but of the Datiue or of the Accusatiue cases, signifying To him, to herselfe, to themselues, Him, her, themselues, as also sometimes, one another, as for example, Lui si dà a crédere d'ẻsser sáuio, ẻ si stíma ẻsser' huómo da béne, ẻt non si rauéde dẻ suói erróri, di che si douerẻbbe vergognáre conoscẻndosi. That is in English, He giueth himselfe to beleeue that he is wise, and thinketh himselfe to be an honest man, and himselfe perceiueth not his owne faults, whereof he should be ashamed himself, knowing himselfe. Or thus: Lóro si pénsano ẻsser sauij, mà si ingánnano, They thinke themselues wise men, but they deceiue themselues. Or thus: Lui si ẻ fátto mále, pensándosi di fársi béne, He hath done hurt to himselfe, thinking to doe himselfe good. Or thus: Lóro si dánno a crédere d'ẻssersi feriti, They perswade themselues that they haue hurt themselues, or to haue hurt one another; for in the sense of One another it is often found. Here remember also (as I haue before touched) that Si. being affixed vnto verbs of priuation, and speaking of persons animated, it may be of some Ablatiue case, as thus, Lui si ẻ cauáto la máschera, He hath pulled the maske or vizard from himselfe. Or thus: Lóro si sóno leuáta la libertà, They haue taken liberty from themselues, &c.
Secondly, if Si, be ioyned or affixed to any verbe, hauing relation to any dead or liuelesse thing, or to any action performed, be sure that it is a signe or inference of a passiue signification, which in English is expressed with these signes, It is, Men, Are, They, The world, Be it, or To be, namely with Infinitiues, as for example, Si díce chè le cattíue cóse non si stímano, It is said that euill things are not esteemed. Or thus: Mólte cóse si fánno, che non si conuẻngono, Many things are done that are not conuenient, &c. And so you may vnderstand it being ioyned vnto the third persons, eyther singular or plurall, of all the tences throughout the Verbe, as also with an Infinitiue mood, as thus, Quésto dẻbbe fársi, this thing is to be done, &c. Or with a Participle, as thus, Fáttosi nótte si féce ánco oscúro, Night being made, darkenesse was also made, &c.
Note also as a speciall thing, that if there be two or more verbes in a sentence, and that one of them be an Infinitiue, although they be farre asunder, and that Si. be ioyned to any one, yet must it still gouerne the Infinitiue passiuely, as this, Si può manifestaménte vedére, che gli huómini si póssono ingannáre, It may manifestly be seene, that men may easily be deceiued, &c.
Of Ne.
The reason why so few can directly vnderstand, or truely make vse in speaking or writing of this Particle Ne, which in the Italian tongue is so often and so gracefully vsed, proceedeth of this, that as yet (as farre as I haue seene) none did euer shew directly, or rightly set down the essentiall proprietie, the certaine and distinct significations, and the vndoubted vse thereof, amusing the learner and stranger, with saying that it is but an ornament and affected grace of the tongue, and that it might well, or for the most part be spared; when if your Maiesty rightly examine the same, you shall finde it to be a most necessary, a most gracefull, and most significant part of speech: yea, and so significant, so gracefull, and so necessary, as the Italian tongue is lame, harsh, imperfect and gracelesse without it. I haue therefore as briefly as I could set downe the seuerall significations, and direct vses therof, and what it doth import, or may signifie, and without the compasse of which I would yet neuer heare, reade, or finde it. Remember therefore that Ne hath onely fiue seuerall significations, and more it cannot haue.
First Nè, is sometimes an Aduerbe of distinction, or as some count it, of deniall or refusall, and is commonly accented, and without a verb, and in the beginning of a sentence, or immediately after a Comma, signifying in English, Nor, or Neither, or thus, Nè ti sóno amíco, nè ánco lo vóglio ẻssere, per chè, nè tù lo mẻriti, nè se ne contẻnterẻbboro i miẻi amíci. I neither am thy friend, nor will I be, because neither dost thou deserue it, nor would my friends be therewith contented. Or thus, Nè quésto, nè quéllo ti concẻdo, imperochè, nè mi ámi, nè mi puói vedére. Nor this, nor that doe I graunt to thee, for thou dost neither loue me, nor canst abide to see me, &c.
Secondly, Ne is somtimes an Aduerb local or of place, or as some cal it, a Preposition, importing In, In the, or Into, but then is the Article I. included, and somtimes apostrophed, and somtimes not, as thus, Spasseggiándo ne' cámpi, m'imbattéi ne' miẻi nemíci, walking in the fields, I chanced to fal into mine enemies. Or thus, Trouándomi ne' cámpi, finding my selfe in the fieldes. Or thus, Leggẻndo ne' libri, reading in the bookes, Or thus, Ne' sáuij si truóuano buóni consíglij, in wise men are good counsels found, &c.
Thirdly, Ne. being ioyned to a verbe of motion, as Andáre, Fuggíre, Voláre, Veníre, &c. is sometimes an Aduerbe locall or of place, signifying in English Thence, Hence, or Away, as Lui se ne ẻ andáto; He is gone away. Io me ne vádo, I goe hence. Io me ne vóglio fuggíre, I will runne away or flie hence, Lui se ne ẻ fuggito, He is fled away thence or hence. Volándosene via, Flying thence away. Venitéuene, Come away thence, &c.