[322] D. Anuchin, “Sani, etc.” (The sledge, the canoe, and horses in funeral rites, in Russian), Drévnosti (Antiquities), vol. xiv., Moscow, 1890.

[323] See the Assyrian bas-reliefs, Maspero, Hist. anc. de l’Orient, vol. ii., p. 628, Paris, 1897; O. Mason, Origins of Invention, p. 334; and Moser, A travers l’Asie Centrale, p. 220, Paris, 1885.

[324] See for the history of classifications, Topinard, L’Anthr. gén., pp. 28–107, 264–349; Giglioli, Viaggio ... della Magenta, p. xxvii., Milan, 1875; and Keane, Ethnology, p. 162, Cambridge, 1896.

[325]

Principal Races. Secondary Races.
(1) Caucasian. (1) Caucasian, (2) Alleghanian (Red Indian).
(2) Mongolian. (3) Hyperborean (Lapps), (4) Malay, (5) American
(except the Red Indian), (6) Mongolian, (7) Paraborean
(Eskimo), (8) Australian.
(3) Ethiopian. (9) Kafir, (10) Ethiopian, (11) Negro, (12) Melanesian.
(4) Hottentot. (13) Hottentot.

—Isid. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, “Classif. Anthropologique,” Mem. Soc. Anthr. Paris, vol. i., p. 125, 1861.

[326]

Principal Races. Secondary Races or “Modifications.”
(1) Negroid. (1) Bushmen, (2) Negro, (3) Papuan.
(2) Australoid. (4) Australians, (5) Black race of Deccan(Dravidians),
(6) Ethiopian (Hamite).
(3) Mongoloid. (7) Mongol, (8) Polynesian, (9) American,
(10) Eskimo, (11) Malay.
(4) Xanthochroid. (12) Xanthochroid of Northern Europe.
(5) Melanochroid. (13) Melanochroid of Southern Europe, (14) Melanochroid
of Asia (Arabs, Afghans, Hindus, etc.).

—T. Huxley, “Geogr. Distrib. of Mankind,” Journ. Ethnol. Soc. London, N.S., vol. ii., p. 404, map, 1870. The classification of Flower (Jl. Anthro. Inst., vol. xiv., 1885, p. 378) differs from that of Huxley in a few details only. This eminent anatomist grouped his eleven races and three sub-races under three “types”—Negro, Mongolian, and Caucasian.

[327] In the first edition of his classification (Rev. d’Anthr., 2nd series, vol. i., p. 509, Paris, 1878), Topinard admits sixteen races in three groups:—