[561] See J. Jacobs, De Badoejs, S’Gravenhage, 1891, and Kohlbrugge, loc. cit., and “De heilige bekers d. Tenegerezen,” Tijdschr. v. Ind. Taal-Land-in Volkenk, vol. xxxiv., 1896. Among the Tenggerese some vestiges of Buddhism may be discovered.
[562] See Ling Roth, The Natives of Sarawak, 2 vols., London, 1896, and Jour. Anthr. Inst., vols. xxi. and xxii. (1892–93).
[563] Blumentritt, “Versuch. einer Ethnographie der Philip.,” Ergänzungsheft, Peterm. Mitteil., No. 67, Gotha, 1887, with map; Montano, loc. cit.; Virchow, “Die Bevölker. d. Philip.,” Sitzungsber. Berlin Acad. Wiss., 1897, p. 279, and 1899, p. 14; Brinton, “The Peoples of Philip.” (short summary), Amer. Anthropologist, October, 1898.
[564] For the populations of Celebes, Timur, Floris, etc., see Max Weber, Tijdsch. Aardrijksk. Genoots., 2nd ser., vol. vii., Amsterdam, 1890, and Inter. Arch. Ethnogr., suppl. to vol. iii., Leyden, 1890, pl.; Brothers Sarasin, Verh. Ges. Erdk. Berlin, 1894, 1895, and 1896; Ten Kate, “Reis in de Timor groep,” Tijd. Aardr. Genoot., 2nd ser., vol. xi., p. 199, Amsterdam, 1894, and L’Anthropologie, 1893, p. 279; Lapicque, loc. cit.
[565] See my summary of what was known of the Papuans in 1882 in the Rev. d’Anthr., 1883, p. 484, and the following works which have since appeared: Chalmers, Pioneering in New Guinea, London, 1887, and other works; De Clercq and Schmeltz, Ethnogr. Beschrijving van de W. en N. Nederl. New Guin., Leyden, 1893; Finsch, Samoafahrten, Leipzig, 1888, and his articles in the Ann. naturh. Hofmus., Vienna, 1888 and 1891, in the Rev. d’Ethnogr., 1886, etc.; Haddon, “Decorat. art Brit. N. Guin.,” Cunningham Memoirs, vol. x., Roy. Irish Acad., 1894; and “The Ethnography of Brit. New Guinea,” Science Progress, vol. ii., 1894, pp. 83 and 227, London, with map and bibliog.; Macgregor, Proc. R. Geogr. Soc., 1890, p. 191, and his official reports; Thomson, Brit. New Guinea, London, 1892.
[566] It is also to be noted that the supposed Papuan-Polynesian cross-breeds of the south-east of New Guinea neither drink kava nor know the art of pottery, unlike true Polynesians. Besides, their language approximates more nearly to the Melanesian dialects and presents no affinities with Polynesian languages (Ray, “Languages of Brit. N. Guinea,” Journ. Anthr. Inst., vol. xxiv., p. 15, 1894).
[567] Papuan skulls are generally very dolichocephalic (av. ceph. ind. 73), and the presence of brachycephalic skulls in the series of New Guinea origin is certainly of significance, only their proportion is very slight. Out of 500 New Guinea skulls described I have been able to find only 36 brachycephalic, or seven per cent. More than half of these skulls come from one and the same locality, the Kiwai and Canoe Islands in the delta of the Fly. Either a Malay colony may therefore be assumed there, a remnant of Negritoes, or that it was a centre of the custom of deforming the head, a custom which in fact obtains in the neighbourhood of the mouth of the Fly. On this question see my summary of 1882 cited above, and Haddon, loc. cit.; Schellong, “Anthr. d. Papus,” Zeit. f. Ethn., p. 156, 1891; J. Chalmers, “Anthropometr. observ., etc.,” Journ. Anthr. Inst., vol. xxvii. (1897).
[568] The Kerepunu are good agriculturists; their mode of working is quite remarkable (Fig. [152]). The soil is turned up at the word of command by a row of men, each of whom thrusts into the earth two pointed sticks, then using these sticks as levers a layer of earth is raised and a furrow is thus made.
[569] Hamy, “Papous de la mer d’Entrecasteaux,” Rev. Ethnog., 1889.
[570] Haddon, Journ. Anthr. Inst., vol. xix., p. 297; S. Ray and Haddon, “Languages of Torres Straits,” Proceed. R. Irish Acad., 3rd ser., vol. iv., 1897; Rev. Hunt, Journ. Anthr.... Inst., N.S., vol. i., p. 5, 1898–99.