[601] Brinton, loc. cit. (Amer. Race); Schoolcraft, loc. cit.; Powell, loc. cit. (Ind. Ling. Fam.); Catlin, Letters and Notes N. Amer. Ind., London, 1844 (cf. Report U.S. Nation. Mus., 1885).
[602] Ten Kate, Bull. Soc. Anthrop., Paris, 1884, p. 551, and 1885, p. 241.
[603] According to Powell, Smiths. Rep., 1895, p. 658, the Atlantic slope may be divided into four provinces: Algonquian, Iroquoian, that of the southern part of the United States (Muskhogean), and that of the plains of the Great West. The Pacific slope is split up in its turn into five provinces: North Pacific, Columbia, Interior Basin, California-Oregon, and the Pueblos region which encroaches upon Mexico.
[604] The “Pueblos,” Zuñis, Moquis, etc., from whom these Athapascans have conquered their territory, are short and brachycephalic. Interminglings have modified only the form of the head of the Southern Athapascans; but it must be remembered that the practice of deforming the skull prevails among them.
[605] There are some Apache tribes in Mexico, the Lipans, the Jarros, but their numerical force is not known.
[606] See J. Stevenson, “Navajo Ceremonial,” Eighth Rep. Bur. Ethnol., and articles by Matthews on the Navajos in the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th Reports of the Bur. Ethnol.; Ten Kate, Reizen en Ondezokongei in N. Amer., Leyden, 1885; cf. Bull. Soc. Anthropol., 1883, and “Somatol. Observ. Ind. South-west,” Journ. Amer. Ethnol., vol. iii., Cambridge, 1891.
[607] Lloyd, “On the Beothucs,” Journ. Anthropol. Inst. Great Britain, vols. iv. and v. (1874–75); and Gatschet, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1885–86, and 1890.
[608] H. Hale, “The Iroquois Book of Rites,” No. 2 of the Library of Aborig. Amer. Lit. of Brinton, Philad., 1883, chaps. i. and ii. (history of the confederation summarised from the standard works of Morgan, Colden, etc.); C. Royce, “The Cherokee Nation, etc.,” Fifth Rep. Bur. Ethn. for 1883–84; Mooney, “Sacred Formulæ of Cherokee,” Seventh Rep. Bur. Ethn. for 1885–86.
[609] The primitive population of Florida, the Timuquanans, appear to have been exterminated in the eighteenth century. See MacCauley, “The Seminol Ind.,” Fifth Rep. Bur. Ethn. for 1883–84, p. 467, Washington, 1887.
[610] R. Rigges, “Dictionary ... and Ethnogr. of Dakota,” Contrib. N. Amer. Ethn., vol. viii.; Dorsey, “Furniture and Implements of Omaha,” Thirteenth Rep. Bur. Ethn.; “Omaha Sociology,” Third Rep. Bur. Ethn.; Mooney, “Siouan Tribes of the East,” Bull. Bur. of Ethn., No. 24, Washington, 1894.