- 呌我吃虧 kau‘ ’ngú k’iuh k’ü, causing me to suffer loss.
- 勿要呌吾白送脫 veh yau‘ kaú ngú báh sóng‘ t’eh, do not cause me to give it away (or say it) in vain.
- 呌水勿要滾 kiau‘ ’sz veh yau‘ ’kwun, prevent the water from boiling.
- 撥拉我吃官司 peh ’lá ’ngú k’iuh kwén sz, causing me to be the subject of a lawsuit.
Obs. i The English auxiliary verb must is expressed by ’tsóng, as in 總要牢實’tsóng yau‘ lau zeh, you must be upright.
Obs. ii. The derivative verbs which have been already illustrated are the following:— Inchoative, 提起筆來 ti ’k’í pih lé, take up the pen; Reflexive, 自怨自 zz‘ yön‘ zz‘, be one’s own enemy; Collective, 合攏來 heh ’lóng lé, combine together; Separative, 折開 來 t’sák k’é lé, pull open; Completing, 造完 ’zau wén, finish building; Resisting, 擋住 tong dzû‘, stand against; Destroying, 丢脫 tieu t’eh, throw away. There are also forms for the various directions indicated by prepositions, v. [Art. 223].
(3.) Modes of verbs.
241. In very many cases the mood is determined entirely from the sense, and has no particular sign.
- 我去買 ’ngú k’í‘ ’má, I will go and buy. (Indicative.)
- 是儂去還便當 ’zz nóng‘ k’í‘ wan bíen‘ tong‘, if you should go, it would be more convenient. (Subjunctive.)
- 儂去買 nóng‘ k’í‘ má, do you go and buy. (Imperative.)
- 買是容易 ’má ’zz yúng í‘, to buy is easy. (Infinitive).
Obs. Here the four principal moods of Latin grammar are exemplified without any distinctive sign.
242. The particle 者 ’tsé and 末 meh, at the end of the clause often mark indicative and conditional prepositions respectively.
- 現在落雨末年世好者 híen‘ ’dzé loh ’ü meh, níen sz‘ ’hau ’tsé, should it now rain, it will be a good year.
- 年紀大末勿要者 níen ’kí dú‘ meh veh yau‘ ’tsé, if old, they are not wanted.
Obs. i. The conditional clause always precedes.