[1] Polynia, a Russian term for an open water space.—Glossary in Kane’s Arctic Explorations, vol. i., p. 14.
[2] Ice-fields have been seen there equal to the superficial extent of a German principality, or even to the Duchy of Salzburg.
[3] Geikie’s Great Ice Age, pp. 38, 39.
[4] In the North Atlantic Ocean down to 40° N. L.
[5] Parry’s Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage, 1819-20, p. 298. 4to. London, 1821.
[6] Sir J. C. Ross’s Southern Antarctic Voyage, vol. ii., p. 151.
[7] Sir John Ross—Second Voyage of Discovery to the Arctic Ocean, p. 180; 4to. London, 1835.
[8] The nautical mile or “knot,” which is about an ordinary mile and a sixth, is meant.
[9] Dock, an opening in the ice, artificial or natural, offering protection. Kane’s Glossary of Arctic Terms, vol. i., p. 13.
[10] Mercator was not an Englishman; he was a Dutchman, born 1512, died 1594.