C Calaveras skull, dispute with churchmen over, [122] Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. W. H., discoveries of, [160], [169], [175] Carbon 14. See [Dating, through radiocarbon] Carter, George F., on existence of glacial man, [183], [290] Catholic church, [191]; explanation of Indians by, [12] Cephalic index, [210]-18 Childe, Gordon, on beginnings of archeology, [61]; on invention of writing, [115]; on neolithic civilization, [37], [38]; on Stone Age, [114]-15; on superiority of metal over stone for tools, [34] Clovis man, name change of, [xii]; points of, found with extinct mammal fossils, [191] Cochise culture, [167]-69 Colbert, Edwin H., on extinction of mammals, [203] Confins man, [131], [293] Conquistadores, [2] Conyers, discoveries of, [61], [62] Coon, Carleton S., on origins of early man in New World, [230], [284] Corn, [267], [268]-76; no wild ancestor for Indian, [263], [272]; origins in New World of, [265] Coup de poing. See [Hand axes] Cressman, L. S., discoveries of, [179] Croll, James, on causes of glaciation, [54] Cro-Magnon man, [63], [89], [97], [126]; as part of Aurignacian culture, [99], [100] Culture periods, Ameghino’s, [123]; confusion in determining, [115]-18; history of classification of, [33]; indicated by tools, [65]-72; major divisions of, [33]-37; Mortillet’s, [64], [65], [68] Cummings, Byron, discovers milling stones, [167] Cuvier, cataclysmal explanation of great extinction by, [201]
D Dart, Raymond, [86]; and Broom discover southern apes, [85] Dasypodidae. See [Extinct armadillo] [Dating], of early man by death of mammals, [189]-205, [294]; through pluvial periods, [52], [63]; through pottery, [247]; [through radiocarbon], [xi], [9], [86], [94]-97, [100], [102], [138], [140], [179], [188], [204], [278]; from sloth dung, [160]; of Turin skeletons, [140] Dawn stones. See [Eoliths] Diaz (del Castillo), Bernal, on principle of wheel in New World, [30]; on Mexican mammoth bone, [136] Dixon, Roland B., criticizes Rivet’s languages hypothesis, [255]; on cultural diffusion, [243]-44; on origins of early man in New World, [220]-22; on transpacific migration, [30], [218] Douglas, A. E., originates tree-ring count, [49] Dubois, Eugène, [85]; discovers Java man, [81], [82]
E Eden culture, name change of, [xii]; points of, [154], [158], [203]; pressure flaking in, [104], [181] Eiseley, Loren C., on Athabasca bison, [200]; on extinction of American mammals, [192]-93, [195], [202]-3; questions evidence of historic mastodon, [197] Ekholm, Gordon, on Asia-America diffusion, [258] Engravings, on bone, [172]-73 [Eoliths], development of tools from, [67], [163]; origin of, [67], [68] Eskimo, [6], [220], [279]; Caspian strain in, [221] Eustatism, [59] Evans, Glen L., discovers Plainview point, [156] Ewing, Maurice, on cause of glaciation, [56], [57] [Extinct armadillo], [190]
F Facial index, [211]-12 Fertile crescent, [40] Figgins, J. D., discovers Folsom point, [144]-46 Fire lenses, [183] Flint knapping, [282]-83; finest, [154]; steps in, [282]-83 Flint, Richard F., on last glaciation, [19], [49], [60] Fluorine test, for fossils, [76] Folsom man, dating of, [28], [151]-52, [181], [191], [199]-201; [Generalized], [156]; pressure flaking in culture of, [104]; spear points of, [144]-51, [153]-55, [191], [198] Fontechevade man, discovery of, [80] Font Robert point, [100], [105]; appearance of, [107] Frere, John, discoveries of, [62]
G García, Fray Gregorio, on origins of Indians, [14], [15] Geikie, James, and glacial hypothesis, [47] Giddings, J. L., Palisades culture of, [188] Gigantopithecus, [83], [84] Glacial Period. See [Great Ice Age] Glaciation. See [Ice ages] Gladwin, Harold S., [49], [162]; on advent of Pygmies in New World, [225]-26; on cultural diffusion, [242]-43, [246]-49; on independent invention of agriculture, [267]; on invasion of America by Alexander the Great, [249]-55; on various early migrations to New World, [227], [229]-30, [247] [Great Ice Age], definition of, [44], [45], [48], [60]; large mammals in, [84], [181], [204]; rainfall during, [294]; theory of flake vs. core tools in, [70]. See also [Ice ages] Grimaldi man, [102] Günz glaciation, Danubian glaciers before, [47]; determination of time of, [54] Gypsum man, [159], [160]
H Haddon, A. C., recognizes Australoid in America, [218] Haeckel, Ernst, [81] [Hand axes], [84], [85], [173]; as products of core industry, [70], [286]; development of, [68], [111]; in the New World, [173]-76, [183], [287]; spread of use of, [72] Harrington, John, on diversity of Indian speech, [6] Harrington, M. R., discoveries of, [159]; on forebears of Eskimo, [223]; on migration through Ireland, [25] Haua Fteah, importance of finds at, [96] Heidelberg man, [80]; taurodontism in, [77] Heizer, Robert F., discoveries of, [136], [160]; on Monument skulls, [135] Henri-Martin, Mlle., [80] Hester, Jim, on extinction of mammals, [205] Hibben, Frank C., and Generalized Folsom points, [156]; discoveries of, [164]; on crossing into New World, [20]; redates Durst Silts, [163] Holmes, W. H., [31]; attacks early man, [124], [174]; on King’s pestle, [178] Holocene. See [Postglacial Period] Homo sapiens. See [Man] Hooton, Earnest A., [31], [32], [97]; on length of residence of man in New World, [132]-33; on origins of early man in New World, [219]-20, [222]-23; quoted, [207], [233]; recognizes Australoid in America, [218]; on resemblance of American Indian to Old World peoples, [209], [222]-23, [233], [241]-42; on spurious finds, [125]-26 Housebuilding, earliest evidence in New World of, [171] Howard, Edgar B., discoveries of, [149]-50; on customs of Folsom man, [152]-53, [280]; on length of residence of man in New World, [6]; on preservation of mammals, [198] Howells, W. W., quoted, [1]; sees similarity between American and Pacific tribes, [222] Howorth, Henry H., on extinction of mammals in New World, [201] Hrdlička, Aleš, attacks on traces of early man by, [124]-28, [134]; on Aurignacian and Magdalenian ancestry in American Indian, [218]; on Calaveras skull, [123]; on crossing into New World, [18], [20]; on Indian culture, [240]-41; on migration routes, [21] Huntington, Ellsworth, on migration across Atlantic, [25]
I [Ice ages], [xii], [9], [18], [19]; Alpine glaciations in, [47], [48]; changes in sea level in, [50]-53; classification of, [44], [45]; extent of Wisconsin glaciation in, [18], [24], [26], [60]; hypothesis of land bridge in, [17], [18], [289]; hypothesis on causes of glaciation in, [53]-60; mammals in Americas in, [190]; migration in, [288]-92; and migration routes, [21]-25, [60]; overlapping of centers in, [49]; Sangamon Interglacial period in, [24]; wood in, [35] Imbelloni, José, on advent of Pygmies in New World, [225]-26 Indian race, autochthonous origin of, [233]-34; as descendants of Welsh, [16]; as inventor of own culture, [261]; myth of, [207], [279] Insects, in man’s diet, [41] International Congress of Americanists, [257]
J Java man. See [Pithecanthropus erectus] Jefferson, Thomas, excavates Virginia mound, [120]; and fossils of extinct mammals, [191]; on origin of Eskimo, [286] Jenks, A. E., [132]; discoveries of, [154], [157]; on Sauk Valley skull, [133] Johnson, Frederick, traces migration routes, [21]
K Kay, G. F., on Minnesota man, [132] Keith, Sir Arthur, [31], [94]; on Lagoa Santa craniums, [130]; recognizes Australoid in America, [218] King, C. J., discoveries of, [178]-79 Kingsborough, Lord, [129]; believes Indians to be Lost Tribes, [15] Koch, A. C., [120]-21; discoveries of, [154] Kroeber, Alfred L., on cultural diffusion, [244]-45; on number of languages, [5]
L Lagenaria gourd, [258] Lagoa Santa caves, [121], [127], [130]-32, [135], [142] Larkin, Frederick, on Indian domestication of mammoth, [194] Leakey, L. S. B., and discovery of Zinjanthropus, [86]; on paleolithic pottery sherds, [38] Leechman, Douglas, traces migration routes, [21] Leighton, M. M., on finds at Elm Creek Silts, [162]-63; on length of residence of man in New World, [31]; on Minnesota man, [132] Lemert, Edwin M., discoveries of, [160] Lewis, Gilbert N., on neolithic culture in Andes, [256] Libby, Willard F., [xi]; and dating through radiocarbon, [95], [96], [165], [179], [278] Lubbock, Sir John, on division of paleolithic and neolithic ages, [36] Lund, P. W., [121]; discoveries of, [130] Lyell, Sir Charles, [121]; on late survival of mastodon in New World, [197]