(2) Normal transients, abstracts, and special static forms.
404. k-um-a-. An active with -um- is made from ka-úsap as underlying word: Si Hwàn ay kumàkaúsap sa ákin. Juan 20was talking at me, haranguing me.
405. mag-ka- pag-ka-ka-. Actives with mag- and abstracts with pag- r from underlying words with ka- express a partial affection of the actor or of a group of actors; ka- here has its involuntary force: the actor is not a rational and voluntary agent. 25Nagkaroòn ako naŋ trabáho kanína ŋ umága, sapagkàt nagpasakày akò sa trèn naŋ maŋa kamátis naŋ tátay ko. I was kept busy this morning, for I attended to the shipping by train of my father’s tomatoes. Nagkaroòn sya naŋ gálit. He harbored ill-feeling. Nagkagulò aŋ maŋa Amerikáno sa pagdatìŋ naŋ Dòytsland. The 30Americans were surprised at the coming of the “Deutschland”. Nagkagustò sya ŋ kumáin naŋ súhaʾ. He conceived a desire of eating grape-fruit. Nagkàkalípon aŋ maŋa laŋgàm sa púto. The ants are getting all over the cake. Akò y nagkamálay pagkaraàn naŋ ilà ŋ sandalì ŋ paghihimatày. I returned to consciousness 35after a few moments’ fainting-spell. Nagkapálad si Hwàn na makaratìŋ díto ŋ maluwalhátiʾ. Juan was fortunate enough to get back here safe and sound. Aŋ pakwàn ay nagkasíraʾ. The watermelon got partly spoiled. Aŋ maŋa ságiŋ ay nagkasíraʾ sa kalaúnan naŋ pagkàtágoʾ sa lalagyàn. Some of the bananas got spoiled on 40account of the long time they were kept stored. Nása simbáhan. silà naŋ magkasúnog. They were at church when a fire occurred. Twi ŋ papasúkin ko sa kuràl aŋ maŋa kalabàw ay nagkákawalá silà. Every time I put the carabao into the corral, they get away.
So: búkol, hinòg.
406. mag-ka- (1) pag-ka-ka- (1). Accent shift in this formation serves various uses:
5(a) It may be due to the root: Si Hwàn ay nagkasakìt noo ŋ bwà ŋ nagdaàn. Juan had a sickness last month. Si Hwàn ay hindí makapútol naŋ káhoy, sapagkàt mahínà pa sya dahilàn sa pagkakasakìt. Juan cannot cut wood, because he is still weak on account of his recent illness.
10(b) It expresses plurality: Magkákaputòl aŋ maŋa tubò. The sugar-cane will get broken in numbers. Nagkaputòl aŋ maŋa tubò sa lakàs naŋ háŋin. The sugar-cane broke in quantity under the violence of the wind. Nagkákaputòl aŋ maŋa tubò sa kalakasàn naŋ háŋin. Much sugar-cane is breaking under the force of 15the wind.
So also from lúnod.
(c) The form is really a simple active with mag- from an underlying word of the form ka- (1), § [398,c]; three words of this kind occur: Sila y nagkagalìt. They quarreled. aŋ pagkakagalìt 20the quarrel. Aŋ Hapòn at aŋ Tsína ay nagkasiràʾ. Japan and China had a break. Silà y nagkatalò. They played a winning-and-losing game. Nagkatalu nà aŋ maŋa nagsúsugàl. The gamblers have lost and won, have finished their winning-and-losing game.
In accordance with § [356], the underlying word is doubled with 25distributive plural meaning: Sila ŋ ápat ay nagkagá-kagalìt. The four of them all got angry at one another.