(a) With accent shift, from a barytone root: Nagkàputol-putòl 20aŋ katawàn naŋ táo ŋ nàsagasáan naŋ trèn. The body of the man who was run over by the train got all mangled. Nagkàkàputol-putòl aŋ katawàn naŋ bála ŋ táo ŋ màsagasáan naŋ trèn. The body of a person run over by a train is cut to pieces. Magkàkàputol-putòl aŋ túbo ŋ kristàl na iyàn kapag iyo ŋ ibinagsàk. If 25you drop that glass tube, it will break into a thousand pieces.
412. ka- (1) -in, k-in-a-. The simple direct passive is formed from an underlying derived word with ka- with normal meaning. So from ka-lában, ka-úsap.
(a) A special static word corresponding to those in § [366] is 30aŋ kinákapatìd the child of one’s godparents (from ka-patìd).
From it are derived the dual collective (§ [358,a]) magkinákapatìd a pair of such, and the plural (§ [358,b]) magkikinákapatìd three or more, as a group.
413. i-ka- i-k-in-a-. The instrumental passive with prefix ka- 35has a specialized meaning: it expresses transiently, an inanimate, or at least irrational and involuntary, object or circumstance which causes such and such an action: and this latter action is in turn also involuntary or out of control of the actor (as, for instance, the ability to do a thing), see § [432] ff.
40Aŋ kawalàn ni Andrès naŋ hánap-búhay sa báya ŋ itò ay sya nyà ŋ ikinaalìs. Andrés’ inability to make a living in this town is what forced him to leave. Aŋ malì ŋ anyò naŋ pulúbe ay siyà ŋ ikinaáwaʾ sa kanya ni Hwàn. The bad condition of the beggar was what made Juan pity him. Aŋ pagsasakày naŋ kutséro naŋ maŋa táo ŋ may sakìt na nakàhàháwa ay sya ŋ ikinabáwì naŋ kanya ŋ pahintúlot. The driver’s taking people with contagious 5diseases into his carriage was what caused his license to be withdrawn. Aŋ ikinaháraŋ naŋ maŋà naglálakàd ay aŋ pagkáalam naŋ maŋa tulisàn na silà y may dalà ŋ kwaltà. What caused the wayfarers to be held up was the robbers’ happening to know that they had money with them. Ikinaháte ni Hwàn sa búŋa aŋ kanya 10ŋ laséta. Juan’s knife enabled him to cut the betel fruit. Aŋ pagkasála nya sa siŋsìŋ ay aŋ hindí niya ikinakúha naŋ ganti ŋ pálaʾ. His missing the ring is what kept him from winning the prize. Yòn ay áki ŋ ikinalúluŋkòt. I am sorry, I am sorry to hear that. Aŋ paŋuŋublì naŋ maŋa sundálo ay sya nilà ŋ hindí ikinamatày. 15The soldiers’ keeping in hiding is what saved their lives. Ikinapútol naŋ yantòk na pamáloʾ aŋ pagkàpálu kay Hwàn. The caning Juan got broke the rattan that was used on him. Ikinapùpútol naŋ marámi ŋ tubò aŋ malakàs na háŋin. The strong wind is making much sugar-cane break. Ikapùpútol naŋ maŋa saŋà naŋ 20káhoy aŋ malakàs na háŋi ŋ itò. This strong wind will cause many branches of trees to break off. Ikapùpútol nya sa maŋa kawáyan aŋ paggúlaŋ nitò. The aging of the bamboo plants will force him to cut them down. Aŋ pagkalúnod naŋ Kastílaʾ ay ikinatákot naŋ tatlò ŋ magkakaybígan. The drowning of the Spaniard frightened 25the three friends. Aŋ kanyà ŋ pagmamasìd sa maŋa tálaʾ sa gabì ay sya nyà ŋ malakì ŋ ikinatútuwàʾ. His observation of the stars at night is his great source of pleasure.
Similarly, from: biŋì, búhay, búti, gálit, háŋoʾ, húlog, káya, lípat, lúgi, túloŋ, walàʾ.
30414. i-pag-ka- i-p-in-ag-ka. With pag- this instrumental passive corresponds to the active with magka- (§ [405]). The reduplication of the durative forms affects the ka-.
Aŋ ipinagkagusto nyà ŋ kumáin naŋ sorbétes ay aŋ kainítan. It is the heat which makes him want to eat ices. Ipagkákamatày 35naŋ maŋa manòk aŋ masamà ŋ túbig. The bad water will make the chickens die. Aŋ kalamigàn sa tagulàn ay sya ŋ ipinagkàkamuò naŋ túbig sa ílog. The cold weather in winter is what makes the water in the river congeal. Baká ipagkawalá naŋ maŋa manòk sa kuluŋàn aŋ pagpapapások mo doòn niyà ŋ 40áso. See that your putting that dog into the enclosure doesn’t make the chickens try to get away. Ipagkákawalà naŋ bíhag aŋ pagkàbalítaʾ sa kanyà naŋ parúsa ŋ kàkamtan nyà. The captive’s being told of the punishment he will get, will make him try to escape. Ipinagkawalá nya sa kùlúŋan aŋ pagpapahírap sa kanyà. Their torturing him made him escape from his confinement. Ipinagkákawalà nya sa bìlaŋgúan aŋ masamà ŋ pagpapakáin sa kanya díto. The bad food they gave him in the jail made 5him try to escape.
415. Similarly, with accent shift this passive corresponds to the active with mag-ka- (1), § [406,b]. Ipinagkàkabalèʾ (or: ipinagkàkaputòl) naŋ maŋa saŋà naŋ káhoy aŋ bagyò ŋ itò. This hurricane is breaking off many branches of trees. Naŋ ipagkaputòl naŋ 10áki ŋ maŋa tubò aŋ háŋin ay naluŋkùt akò. When the wind broke down my sugar-cane I was dismayed. Ipinagkaputòl naŋ maŋa tubò aŋ malakàs na háŋi ŋ nagdaàn. The recent strong wind broke down much sugar-cane.