Passive: Naabut nyà aŋ ilawàn. He managed to reach the lamp. Hindí nya maabùt aŋ itlòg. He can’t reach the egg. Aŋ báta ŋ si Hwàn ay nabábahày. Little Juan is shy.
30Abstract: Pagkaabòt naŋ bátà naŋ kanyà ŋ laruwàn ay tumakbò sya ŋ agàd. After reaching for his toys, the boy at once ran.
445. With pag- before the root, this active is made from roots whose primary active has mag-. The reduplication affects either the ka-, or the pag-, or the root initial: makà-ka-pag- or maka-pà-pag- or maka-pag- R.
35Aŋ bátaʾ ay nakapagdalà naŋ káhoy. The boy managed to bring the wood. Aŋ bátaʾ ay nakapagdádalà (or: nakàkapagdalà, or: nakapàpagdalà) naŋ káhoy. The boy is able to bring the wood. Nakàkapaglasìŋ si Ánoŋ, káhit na sya y hindí binàbayáan naŋ kanya ŋ asáwa na makapagpabilè naŋ álak. Anong manages to 40get drunk, even though his wife does not allow him to have liquor purchased for him. Nakapagpútol na si Hwàn naŋ káhoy. Juan has finished cutting wood. Nakapagpùpútol nà si Hwàn naŋ káhoy. Juan is already able to cut wood. Hindí makapagpútol naŋ káhoy si Hwàn, dahilàn sa súgat nya sa kamày. Juan cannot cut wood, on account of the wound on his hand.
Similarly: antòk, áral, bíhis, ligtàs, mísa, nákaw, pasiyàl, sábi, salitàʾ, tágoʾ, takà.
5446. Direct passive: ma-pag-; ma-pag- R or ma-pà-pag-. Hindí ko mapagáyos aŋ maŋa damìt na itò. I can’t straighten out these clothes. Mapàpagáyos nya aŋ maŋa lipàs sa úso ŋ damìt na itò. She will be able to fix these out-of-date clothes. Hindí ko mapagkúroʾ kuŋ anò aŋ íbig nya ŋ sabíhin. I couldn’t make 10out what he wanted to say. Naŋ mapagkúrò ni Hwàn kuŋ anò aŋ maŋyàyári, ay hindí nya itinúloy aŋ kanya ŋ bálak. When Juan saw what was going to happen, he did not carry out his plan. Hindí ko mapagkúro aŋ kahulugàn naŋ súlat na itò. I can’t get at the meaning of this letter. Napagtalastàs ko aŋ maŋa sinàsábi 15mo sa iyo ŋ súlat. I understand all you say in your letter. Napagtátalastàs (or: napàpagtalastàs) kò aŋ íbig mo ŋ sabíhin. I understand what you mean.
447. maka-pag- (1), cf. § [353]. Naŋ nakapaghanap syà ay umuwé sya sa kanya ŋ báhay. When he had finished searching, 20he went home. Kuŋ makapaghanap syà ay úuwé sya. When he has finished searching, he will go home.
448. maka-paŋ-, corresponding to maŋ-, § [357]. Nakàkapaŋhiràm kamì naŋ kwaltà kay Áli ŋ Kulása. We can borrow money from Aunt Nicolasa. Makàkapaŋhiràm ka ŋ wala ŋ sála kay 25Hwàn naŋ isa ŋ sombréro. You will surely be able to borrow a hat from Juan. Nakapaŋàŋabáyo sya ŋ patayòʾ, sapagkàt hindí gulatìn aŋ kanya ŋ kabáyo. He is able to ride standing up, because his horse is not given to shying.
Abstract: pagkapaŋákoʾ (ákoʾ).
30(a) The root is reduplicated for plurality: Aŋ pagkapaŋhaháraŋ nila Hwán ay hindí nila sána magawàʾ, kuŋ hindí sa karamíhan naŋ táo nila na máy barìl. The highway robberies by Juan and his gang could not have been perpetrated by them, if it had not been for the number of them that had guns.