Aŋ úlo ni Hwàn ay nàbìbílog naŋ kanya ŋ kalaròʾ. Juan’s playmates are succeeding in making a fool of him (literally: in rounding his head). Nágupit nyà aŋ makapàl na damìt. It turned out that he was able to cut the thick cloth. Hindí ku màípon 40aŋ maŋa karáyum na naŋàsábug sa lúpaʾ. I did not succeed in gathering up all the needles that were scattered over the floor. Hindí ko mápatay aŋ púsa ŋ itò. I cannot kill this cat (i.e. its life is tough, it gets away, etc.) Kapag nàpútol mo aŋ bákal na iyàn, ikàw ay makawáwalàʾ. If you can get a chance to cut through that iron, you can make your escape. Nàpútol nya aŋ káhoy. He got the wood cut all right. Hindí nya màpútol aŋ leèg naŋ manòk. He couldn’t get the chicken’s neck cut through. 5Màpùpútol na raw nyà aŋ púno naŋ káhoy na nabwàl. He says he will be in a position to cut through the tree that has fallen. aŋ kanyà ŋ násiŋìl the money he was able to collect. Similarly, from: bálot, gawàʾ, húli, kúha, kúlam, nákaw, pitàs, sábi, taàs, táwag.
465. Similarly, the direct passive is regularly used to correspond 10to the active in § [462], of objects of sensation. Nàkilála ko si Hwàn doòn sa sàwáyan. I got acquainted with Juan at that dance. So from: alaála, dinìg, inò, kíta, málas, pansìn.
466. Other uses of the direct passive do not regularly correspond to any active, cf. § [440] f.; these have their own abstract 15with pagkà-.
The direct passive is used to denote an object which has accidentally got into such and such a condition; the actor is either indifferent or entirely lacking. There seems to be no abstract principle clearly separating this form from the passive with na- 20described in § [440]; where position of the object is involved, the accidental form is preferred.
Nàbúte aŋ kanyà ŋ pagkatákot. His fear reached a high point. Aŋ kanya ŋ baŋkà y patúŋo sa bandà ŋ kalunúran, dátapuwat pagkaraàn naŋ ilà ŋ sandalìʾ ay náiba aŋ kanya ŋ bandáhin. 25His canoe was headed toward the west, but after a while his direction changed. Aŋ ìnumínan naŋ báhay ay dápat málagay sa lugàr na malílim. The shelf for drinking-water of a house should be in a shady place. Násakay sa trèn aŋ ipinahatìd mo ŋ maŋa dalaŋhítaʾ. The tangerines you sent have been shipped. Nàtúlin aŋ pagpapadulàs 30naŋ báta ŋ si Hwàn sa pútek. Juan’s sliding on the mud got faster and faster (in spite of him).
Similarly from: bágay, balítaʾ, baòn, dápat, doòn, hintòʾ, húsay, kápit, lapàg, látag, ligtàs, liguwàk, lípat, lubòg, lúlan, mána, nákaw, pagítan, pákoʾ, patày, pátuŋ, sábog, taàn, tábon, 35tágoʾ, talàʾ, tanìm, taòn, tayòʾ, tirà, túlos, únat.
Abstract: Pagkásakay naŋ maŋa sáko naŋ kamóte sa trèn ay lumákad itò agàd. As soon as the bags of sweet-potatoes had been put on board the train, the latter started to move. So from: balítaʾ, gámit, ibà, látag, libìŋ, sarà.
40466a. This irregular passive is used also of animate, rational subjects, whose actions, then, are viewed rather as an accidental undergoing; this type is not clearly definable from that with ma- in § [441], except where both forms are used in contrast (-higàʾ); the habit with regard to each root is, however, entirely fixed.
In some cases the accidental actor is imaginable: Náakyàt si Pédro sa itaàs naŋ láŋit dahilàn sa ginawá nya ŋ pagkápit sa 5pinalipàd na lóbo. Pedro got carried up into the air owing to his grip on the loosed balloon. Nàháraŋ sina Hwàn sa daà-ŋ-Balíwag. Juan and his company chanced to get held up on the Baliuag road. Hwag kà, Hwàn, pumásuk sa sekréta, sapagkàt baká ka máhigàʾ sa ihawàn, kuŋ ikàw ay màhúle. Don’t go as a spy, Juan, for you 10might get laid on the gridiron, if you got caught. Similarly: baŋgìt, barìl, bilaŋgòʾ, distíno, húli, ligtàs, píliʾ, taŋgàp, táwag.
Processes of life: Sya y nábiŋì. He got deaf. Nàbúte si Hwàn sa kanya ŋ pagkatákot. Juan was bettered by his fright. Si Pédro at si Maryà ay màkàkasàl. Pedro and Maria will get 15married some day. So: himbìŋ, lóko, tahímik, tinìk, túto, wíli.