Tagalog Texts with Grammatical Analysis

by Leonard Bloomfield

504. maka-pa-. With maka- in the usual meanings (§ [433] ff.) a few transients are made from words pa-. Nakapahiŋà sa lílim aŋ maŋa kalabàw. The carabao rested in the shade (irrational actor). Bayáan mo ŋ makapahiŋà aŋ maŋa dalà mo ŋ kalabàw bágu ka bumalìk sa búkid. Let the carabao that brought you rest before you go back to the country. Makapàpahiŋa nà aŋ maŋa 5háyop bágo sya dumatìŋ. The carabao will have rested before he arrives. So from: doòn, lígoʾ.

505. Commoner is maka-pag-pa- (corresponding to mag-pa-); the abstract has pagkapa-. Nakapagpapútol na akò naŋ káhoy na gàgamítin ko sa boò ŋ tagulàn. I have already had wood cut for 10the entire rainy season. Si Lílay ay nakàkapagpapútol naŋ káhoy sa alílà ni Kíkaʾ. Lilay has permission to order Kika’s servant to cut the wood. Hindí ako makapagpapútol naŋ tubò kay Hwàn, sapagkàt marámi sya ŋ trabáho sa ibà. I cannot have Juan cut sugar-cane, because he has already too much work to do for other 15people. Makàkapagpapútol akò naŋ labòŋ, kuŋ iyò ŋ gustò. I can have some bamboo-shoots cut, if you wish.

So from: bilì, kínis, tápon.

506. The passive with ma- from words with pa- varies in meaning, owing chiefly to the various values of words with pa-.

20(a) Genuine passive: Hindí nya napahinòg aŋ maŋa ságiŋ. He did not succeed in getting the bananas to ripen. Mapahíhiram mo ba akò naŋ lima ŋ píso ŋ gintò? Can you let me borrow five dollars gold? Napapások ko sa kuràl aŋ maŋa kalabàw. I succeeded in bringing the carabao into the corral. Napatátalim ni Pédro 25aŋ mapuròl na gúlok. Pedro is able to sharpen dull bolos. So from: alìs, puntà, sáboy, túlog.

(b) Reflexive passive: Aŋ máy sakit ay napadapàʾ sa maŋa nagàalágà sa kanyà, sapagkàt sya hindí makakílos. The sick man had the people who were caring for him lay him on his face, because 30he could not move. Napagísiŋ si Hwàn sa kanya ŋ kapatìd sa óras naŋ alaskwátro naŋ umága. Juan had his brother wake him up at four o’clock in the morning. Napapások akò sa síne sa áki ŋ kúyaŋ. I asked my oldest brother to take me to the moving-picture show. Mapapàpások.... I shall ask to be taken in. 35Silà y napatùtúloŋ. They are asking for help. So: álam, hatìd, tawìd.

(c) Reflexive of interest: Napaakiyàt akò kay Hwàn naŋ isa ŋ búŋa-ŋ-nyòg. I asked Juan to climb for a cocoanut for me. Napapútol silà naŋ káhoy. They asked to have wood cut for them. 40Napapùpútol aŋ maŋa anàk naŋ kanila ŋ kukò kay Nánay. The children ask Mother to cut their fingernails. Napapùpútol akò naŋ gàgawi ŋ pípa kay Hwàn. I am asking Juan to cut me some wood for a cigarette-mouthpiece. Napatilàd akò naŋ tubò kay Nánay. I asked Mother to slice me some sugar-cane.

(d) Movement: Napabíŋit sya sa malaki ŋ paŋánib. He got into a very dangerous situation. Naparíne sa tabi kò aŋ bátaʾ. The child came up close to me. Aŋ magkaybíga ŋ si Pédro at si 5Maryáno ay naparoòn sa Maynílaʾ. The two friends, Pedro and Mariano, have gone to Manila. Sya y napaóo. He assented. So from: díto, loòb, salámat, túŋo. Also from the derived word luwásan: napaluwásan.

507. Instrumental passive only in: maipabarìl.

10508. Passive with mà- (§ [463] ff.) from words with pa-. Bumitìw aŋ bátà sa lúbid, kanyá nàparapàʾ aŋ kanyà ŋ kahatakàn. As the child let go of the rope, the one who was pulling against him fell on his face. Nàparíto si Hwàn sa kanyà ŋ pagtatagòʾ sa maŋa tiktèk. Juan happened to come here in his hiding from the 15spies. Nàpàparíto sya ŋ madalàs. He often gets round here. Màpàparíto raw syà sa báya ŋ itò. He will get round to our town, he says. Nàpahámak sya sa ginawá nya ŋ pagsusugàl at pagsasáboŋ. He became good-for-nothing through his gambling and cock-fighting. Nàpàpahámak aŋ báta ŋ si Hwàn, dahilàn sa lubòs na pagpapaláyaw 20sa kanyà naŋ kanya ŋ maŋa magúlaŋ. Little Juan is getting spoiled through his parents’ complete indulgence. Hwag kà ŋ duwàg, Hwàn, at naŋ hwàg ka ŋ màpahámak lámaŋ sa iyo ŋ pagsusundálo. Don’t be a coward, Juan, so that you may not merely come to misfortune through your military service. Màpàpahámak 25lámaŋ aŋ báta ŋ itò, kapag hindí nátin pinapagáral naŋ sapàt. This boy will turn out a good-for-nothing, if we don’t make him study enough. Hindí nàpahinòg na maága ni Hwàn aŋ maŋa ságiŋ. Juan didn’t get his bananas ripe early enough. Hindí nya nàpahinòg aŋ maŋa ságiŋ, sapagkàt naúbus agàd. He did not get 30his bananas ripe, because they were all eaten up too soon. Si Pédro ay nàpàpahiŋà. Pedro is resting. Nàpatayó si Pédro dahilàn sa kanya ŋ pagkàgúlat. Pedro leaped to his feet in his surprise. Dahilàn sa kanya ŋ pagkàgúlat ay nàpaupú siya. In his surprise he fell into his chair.