150. A word repeated as its own conjunctive attribute of manner expresses a high degree (intensity): Sya y biŋì. He is deaf. Sya y biŋì ŋ biŋì. He is stone deaf. Inìt si Pédro. Pedro 10is hot, is angry. Inìt na inìt si Pédro. Pedro is in a rage. líhim na líhim very secretly, malakì ŋ malakì very large.
(3) Conjunctive attributes as complements.
151. The general sphere of conjunctive attribution includes cases where one element involves another as result or content. The 15latter follows and is in many instances plainly viewed as the attribute. In some instances, however, the former may just as well be looked upon as a modifier, usually of quality, sometimes also of manner. The transition from these latter types to that of the complement appears, indeed, in all possible stages, and no 20real boundary can be drawn. Sya y mabúti ŋ tumugtòg (naŋ piyáno). She is a good player (of the piano), or She plays (the piano) well,—see § [143]—can be analyzed also: She is good that (she, anaphoric subject omitted, § [87]) plays the piano; and in some instances this last analysis is the only possible one.
25Other examples illustrating the merging of the three types we have set up are the following: Malápit na siya ŋ makatápos naŋ karéra. He was already near that (he) end his course, i. e. near ending his course, almost through his course; or: a near ender, cf. isa ŋ báya ŋ malápit a near-by town. Aŋ pagmamarúnoŋ 30ni Hwàn ay ginágawa ŋ katatawanàn naŋ maŋa nakàkàkilála sa kanyà. Juan’s pretending to be wise is made fun of by those who know him, literally: ... is-being-made (ginágawàʾ) that (it) is a laughing-stock, or else: ... a being-made laughing-stock. Cf. aŋ gawì ŋ húkay the to-be-made ditch, i. e. the ditch that is to be 35made, where only the quality interpretation is possible. Magtúlin ka ŋ lumákad. Walk faster. This can be interpreted as Be a fast walker, or Walk faster, or Be-quick that (you) walk; and this last interpretation comes nearest to the original in so far as magtúlin is an active transient form used in commands rather than an expression 40suited to an idea of quality or of manner. Sya y nagdàdahilà ŋ may sakìt. He alleges that (he) is sick. Aŋ pagsakày sa kabáyo ay hindí magaà ŋ pagarálan. Riding horseback is not easy that (it) be-learned, i. e. not easy to learn, or: not an easy thing-to-be-learned. aŋ pinakamahúsay na magsalitàʾ naŋ Latìn the best that (he) should speak Latin, or: the best speaker of 5Latin; Hwag kà, Hwàn, pumásuk na sekréta. Don’t go as a spy (or to be a spy), Juan. Ginawá nya si Hwàn na barbéro naŋ háreʾ. Was-made by-him Juan that (he) be barber of-the king, i. e. He made Juan barber royal. Si Hwàn ay pinamàmagatàn naŋ marámi na isa ŋ doktò. Juan is reputed by the people that 10(he) is (i. e. as) a learned man.
152. The simplest cases are those where both of the expressions connected by na, ŋ refer to the same person or thing, as in the above examples. The following are less doubtful cases of complement construction of this kind: Nagpùpumílit sya ŋ màtúto. 15He strives to get educated. Si Hwàn at si Maryà ay nagkásundo ŋ pakasàl. Juan and Maria have agreed that they (i. e. to) get married. Inanyáhan silà ni Hwàn na magpasyàl. They were invited by Juan that they (i. e. to) go walking. Maári mo ŋà ŋ ihúlug sa koréyo aŋ áki ŋ súlat? Can you please mail my 20letter? Literally: maári ... ŋ ihúlug a possible thing-to-be thrown or capable that (it) be thrown. Naàári akò ŋ malígo makálawa maghápon. I am able that (I) bathe (i. e. to bathe) twice a day. Pinabayáan niya kamì ŋ umalìs. We were permitted by him to depart. Hinantày nya ŋ matápus aŋ mísa. The mass was-awaited 25by-him that it end, i. e. He waited until the mass was ended. Anò aŋ gustu mu ŋ sabíhin? What is desired by-you that (it) be-said? i. e. What do you mean to say? Hindí ko gustò ŋ màkatálo si Hwàn. Not by-me desired that (he) be-opposed is Juan, i. e. I don’t want Juan to be my opponent.
30153. Clear cases of the complement construction are those in which the two elements connected refer to different persons or things: Nagyayá sya ŋ umuwèʾ. He advised that (they, anaphoric) go home. ([34, 12].) Aŋ pagkámasìd nya sa láŋit ay syà ŋ nagpakilála sa kanyà na úulàn. His glance at the sky was what 35showed him that (it, see § [84]) was going to rain.
154. When the former of the two elements is an object expression (or similar element) the complement construction is evident: aŋ kaibigà ŋ màtúto the desire that (he) get educated, i. e. the desire to get an education. aŋ pagkágusto nyà na kumáin naŋ 40nyòg his desire that (he) should-eat cocoanuts, i. e. to eat.... Anu ŋ tagàl nya ŋ sumísid! What endurance of-him that (he) stay under water! i. e. How long he stays under water! Ano ŋ hína mo ŋ lumákad! What slowness of-you that (you) walk! i. e. How slowly you walk! Aŋ tagasulsè ay isa ŋ babáye ŋ may katuŋkúla ŋ manahìʾ o manulsè naŋ maŋa púnit naŋ damìt. A darning-woman is a woman having the duty that (she) patch or mend the small holes in clothing, i. e. ... whose duty is to....
5155. A further sign that the speech-feeling envisages the complement construction as different from the constructions of quality or manner appears when enclitics follow the first word of the complement (i. e. of the second of the connected elements) rather than the first word of the sentence: this shows that the 10complement is viewed as a relatively independent element within the sentence: Maári ŋà ŋ ihúlug mo sa koréyo aŋ áki ŋ súlat? Should-be-capable that (it) be-thrown by-you into the mail (predicate) my letter (subject)? i. e. Can you please mail my letter? Cf. under § [152] above.
15156. Very frequently the complement is an entire predication: aŋ panukálaʾ na aŋ púnoʾ ay tùtúboʾ the thought that the tree will grow; pagkátanaw nyà na dumáratiŋ aŋ susòʾ (at the) seeing by-him i. e. when he sees that the snail is arriving; aŋ áraw na kayò ay dápat magsipagsísi the day that (i. e. when) you ought 20to repent; Nagkàkapálad aŋ manùnúbok na màkíta nya aŋ kúlam. The spier has the good fortune that be-seen by-him the magic principle, i. e. ... to see....
157. A predication as complement is often parallel with a disjunctive object modifier, i. e. with an object expression used 25as direct, instrumental, or local object (§ [184] ff.): Sya y nagsábi ŋ sya y marúnoŋ gumupìt naŋ buhòk. He said that he knew how to cut hair. Aŋ bulàg ay nagakála ŋ gawì ŋ katatawanàn aŋ pagkahúlog naŋ kúbaʾ. The blindman thought that the falling of the hunchback should be made (sc. niyà by-him, anaphoric) that (it) 30be a laughing-stock, i. e. decided to make fun of the falling ...; that which one says or thinks, with sábi and akálaʾ, is also expressed as a direct object.