Examples: Anò aŋ iyo ŋ ŋálan? What is your name? or: Anò aŋ ŋálan mo? aŋ áki ŋ amà my father, or: aŋ ama kò, aŋ 10kanya ŋ báhay his, her house, aŋ kanyà ŋ mahahába ŋ paà his long legs, aŋ kanità ŋ kwaltà our money (i. e. thine and mine), aŋ kaní-kanilà ŋ báhay their several houses.
Only a demonstrative pronoun modifier precedes these prepositive forms: iyà ŋ iyo ŋ sambalílo ŋ lúmaʾ that old hat of 15yours. Exceptions are rare: aŋ karanyúwa ŋ kanila ŋ kantahìn their usual song; what they usually sing.
166. The demonstrative pronouns, whether standing alone (§ [64]) or as modifiers at the beginning of an object expression (§ [130]), have the following disjunctive forms: nirè of this (right 20here), nitò of this, niyàn, nyàn of that, niyòn, nyòn, noòn of that (over there). Aŋ kúlay nirì ŋ korbáta ŋ irè ay nàpàpagítan sa itèm at sa pulà. The color of this necktie (I have on) is between black and red. aŋ dúlo nitò the end of this, aŋ anàk niyòn that one’s child (e. g. with pointing gesture), aŋ báhay niyo ŋ táo ŋ 25yaòn the house of that man over there, aŋ anàk noo ŋ táo ŋ iyòn the child of that man over there. The form noòn is used chiefly when the disjunctive attribute expresses time (§ [192]).
167. The interrogative pronoun síno, whether used alone or standing first in an object expression as attribute (§ [131]), has 30the disjunctive form níno whose? This form, however, is little used, for, while the interrogative pronoun is usually emphatic and tends to come first (§ [96]), a disjunctive attribute follows that modified (§ [171]). Hence the form níno is used only under peculiar conditions of emphasis: Aŋ sambalílo níno? Whose hat (did you 35say)? Ibinigày sa iyò níno? Given to you by whom? Sinábi sa iyo níno? Told to you by whom?
168. Instead of níno a prepositive form, kaníno, explicit plural kaní-kaníno, is ordinarily used; like the prepositive forms of the personal pronouns it stands in conjunctive attribution and 40precedes that modified. Before it the use of aŋ is optional (§§ [65].[131]); when aŋ is used the expression is more definite: Kaníno ŋ sambalílo? Whose hat? (the ownership of a given hat is inquired after) Aŋ kaníno ŋ sambalílo? Whose hat? (the ownership of each hat is known; the question asks merely which of them is involved) Kaníno ŋ aklàt iyàn? Whose book have you there?
169. The prepositive forms of the personal pronouns and of 5síno are used also as static predicates expressing possession: Aŋ librò ŋ binàbása mo kahápon ay ákin. The book you were reading last night is mine. Kaníno aŋ aklàt na iyàn? Whose is that book? Kaní-kaníno aŋ maŋa báhay na itò? Whose are these houses? The personal pronouns may be followed by saríle own (cf. § [137]): Aŋ 10laruwà ŋ itò y áki ŋ saríle. This toy is my own.
170. All other expressions which lack aŋ,—that is, the remaining interrogative pronouns, the numerative pronouns, the cardinal numerals, and object expressions in which these as modifiers stand first (§ [131] ff.),—prefix naŋ, atonic, when used as disjunctive 15attributes: Sa itaàs naŋ anò? On top of what? Takìp naŋ alì ŋ kahòn itò? Of which box is this the cover? aŋ panukálà naŋ karamíhan the opinion of the majority; Nakàkíta akò naŋ isa ŋ táo. I saw a man.
171. All disjunctive attributes are closely joined and follow 20that which they modify. The only exceptions are the enclitic pronoun forms and expressions of time (§ [192]). A disjunctive attribute precedes a subject: Binigyàn nya naŋ aklàt si Hwàn. He gave Juan some books. When the subject is enclitic, it of course precedes: Binigyàn nya si Hwàn naŋ aklàt. Real exceptions, in 25which a non-enclitic subject precedes a disjunctive attribute, are not common: Ipinakìkipagpútol ni Hwàn si Pédro naŋ labòŋ. Juan is asking someone to cut some bamboo-shoots for Pedro.
172. In meaning disjunctive attribution includes almost all cases in which an object element is viewed as the attribute of another 30element in the sentence. The only exception is the sphere of relations expressed by local attribution (§ [195] ff.). The meanings may, very roughly, be divided into seven groups: (1) possessive-partitive, (2) agent, (3) direct object, (4) instrumental object, (5) local object, (6) manner, (7) time.
35173. (1) Possessive-partitive modifier: aŋ kanya ŋ báhay, aŋ báhay nya his house, aŋ púno naŋ uŋgòʾ the tree of the monkey, aŋ púno naŋ káhoy the tree (literally head of wood), aŋ púno naŋ ságiŋ the banana-tree, Sa itaàs naŋ anò? On top of what? Nasúnog aŋ kalahátì naŋ púnoʾ. Half of the tree got burned up. 40Aŋ báyad sa útaŋ ni Pédro ay lábis naŋ dalawà ŋ píso. The payment made to settle Pedro’s debt is too great by two pesos. aŋ óras naŋ alaskwátro the hour of four o’clock, Isà ŋ sundálo ŋ marúnuŋ naŋ Latìn. A soldier who knew Latin, literally: having-knowledge of Latin. aŋ sáko naŋ pálay a rice-sack (cf. § [127]), aŋ larú naŋ baráha a game of cards, cf. aŋ larò ŋ taguàn (§ [127]) a game consisting of hiding, hide-and-seek, aŋ katapusàn naŋ gabì 5the end of the night; cf. aŋ katapusà ŋ gabì the night which was the end, the last night, aŋ ilà ŋ sandalì naŋ pagsasàlitáan a few moments of the conversation; cf. aŋ ilà ŋ sandalì ŋ pagsasàlitáan a few moments (which consisted) of conversation. Note: aŋ báyan naŋ Balíwag the town of Baliwag, aŋ provìnsya naŋ Pampànga 10the province of Pampanga.