It follows that the personal pronouns, which always refer to 15definite persons, cannot stand as disjunctive objects of transient words, but stand instead in local attribution: Aŋ báhay na batò ay aŋ áki ŋ pinaghàhatdàn sa kanyà. The stone house is the place where I am taking him.
Similarly a personal name: Ibigày mo kay Hwàn aŋ librò. 20Give Juan the book; cf. Bigyàn mo naŋ librò si Hwàn. Give Juan a book; “Juan” could not figure as disjunctive local object.
204. In many cases, however, these local attributes differ from disjunctive attributes and from the corresponding subjects of passive constructions: the local attribute represents the object 25as more externally involved and less thoroughly concerned in the occurrence: Humúkay sila naŋ bakúran. They dug up some yards. Hinukáyan nilà aŋ bakúran. They dug up the yard. In both sentences a serious change, such as unauthorized tampering, is implied; but: Humúkay sila sa bakúran. They dug in the yard, 30merely tells where they did their digging. Sya y pumanhìk naŋ báhay. He entered a house (or houses), perhaps illicitly; the house is viewed as in some way affected or intimately involved in the action; so also: Pinanhikàn nya aŋ báhay. He entered the house; but: Sya y pumanhìk sa báhay. He went into the house, 35He went into his house.
205. In other cases, where a transient predicate is not involved, the same difference appears: the local attribute is a mere scene or attendant circumstance, the disjunctive a real factor: Aŋ pagtatábon naŋ maŋa húkay na itò ay tapus nà. The filling 40up of these ditches is now finished, i. e. These ditches are filled up now; but: Aŋ pagtatábon sa maŋa húkay ay mahírap. Filling earth into ditches is hard work. karamíhan naŋ maŋa táo most of the people; karamíhan sa kanilà most of them; sa ganitò under these circumstances; naŋ ganitò (§ [190]) thus, in this manner.
206. Expressions of time as local attributes denote future time when; occasionally also past time: Páparoòn akò sa makalawà. 5I shall go there the day after tomorrow. So: sa lúnes next Monday, cf. noò ŋ lúnes last Monday. Pího akò ŋ páparoòn sa alasìŋko. I will surely go there at five o’clock. Sa gabi ŋ iyòn.... That night....
207. With jussive words with prefix pa- (see Morphology) 10the person ordered to do so-and-so is viewed as a local feature: Ipinagupìt ko sa barbéro ŋ si Hwàn aŋ buhòk ni Andrès. Was-ordered-to-be-cut by-me of-the barber Juan the hair of Andrés, i. e. I ordered the barber Juan to cut Andrés’ hair.
208. Rarely an expression in local attribution is used as a 15conjunctive attribute in an object expression: it precedes and has the meaning of a disjunctive attribute of possessor: aŋ sa ibà ŋ táo ŋ kawáyan other people’s bamboo, or: aŋ kawáyan naŋ ibà ŋ táo.
209. This construction is much commoner when that owned 20is anaphorically omitted: aŋ sa pagòŋ that of the turtle, the turtle’s, i. e. aŋ púno naŋ pagòŋ. So: aŋ sa kanyà his, hers.
210. In other cases anaphoric omission of an element modified by a local attribute is less common: aŋ pagsakày sa trèn sa lugàr naŋ sa karumáta the riding on the train in place of the 25(sc. pagsakày riding) in the carriage.
211. A static predicate may have the form of a local attribute: Sa liŋgò aŋ áki ŋ lúlan sa trèn. On (next) Sunday my embarking on the train, i. e. Next Sunday I shall take the train. Aŋ uupà ŋ itò ay sa háreʾ. This seat is for the king.