223. nà takes into view the maturity of a situation (cf. 15German schon): Aŋ librò y gamit nà. The book is used already, i. e. is second-hand. Agad nà ŋ lálamìg. It will soon be cold now. Paálam na akò (sa iyò). Good-bye (to you). Nahánap ko nà aŋ sombréro. I have already looked for the hat. Nahánap na nyà aŋ sombréro. He has.... aŋ maláon na nila ŋ pagpupuyàt 20gabi-gabì their long staying up now every night, i. e. the fact that they have staid up late every night now. íisa na lámaŋ paŋkàt only a single group now. It precedes bà (§ [215]): Nakahandá na ba aŋ áki ŋ paŋpalígoʾ? Is my bath ready? Gánu ka na bà kakínis? How clever are you by this time?
25It is used also in brusque or familiar commands: Pálù na sa kanya ŋ kamày! Hit him on his hand! Sáma na sa ákin. Come to me (to a child). Ílag ka na riyàn! Be off there! See §§ [224]. [226]. [227]. [229]. [242]. [244].
224. namàn expresses transition to another subject, hence 30often also mild contrast: Hábaŋ si Hwána ay naglùlútoʾ, si Hwàn namàn ay naglìlínis naŋ báhay. While Juana is cooking, Juan cleans the house. Anu ka ba namà ŋ táo? What sort of person are you, anyway? Ibà namàn aŋ gawìn mo ŋ lúto sa manòk. You are to cook the chicken in a different way. siya rìn namàn 35nyà ŋ karanyúwa ŋ kinàkáin that which, however, is usually eaten by him.
The combination nà namàn means again: Maínit na namàn. It’s hot again.
225. nawàʾ pray, please expresses imprecation: Kaawaàn 40nawàʾ ninyo kamì, poo ŋ Dyòs! Take pity on us, O Lord!
226. ŋàʾ is assertive and emphasizing: Oo ŋàʾ. Yes indeed. Ikaw ŋàʾ aŋ nagsábi niyàn. You yourself are the one who said that. It is used in polite requests: Itúru ŋa ninyò sa ákin aŋ daàn. Please show me the way. Ipakipútol mo ŋàʾ, Hwàn, aŋ tinibàn sa áki ŋ bakúran. Please, Juan, cut down for me the banana-stump in my yard. It follows nà: Pakipútol na ŋàʾ aŋ sinúlid na itò. Please cut this string for me. See § [229].
5227. pà expresses the immaturity or continuance of a situation (cf. German noch) and stands in contrast with nà. Its meaning is often emphasized by lámaŋ: mabúti pà better yet, Íbig ko pà naŋ kánin. I should like some more rice. Hampasìn mo pa syà. Whip him some more. Saríwà pa aŋ damìt. The clothes are 10still wet. It precedes dìn and màn (cf. § [248]): aŋ isa pa rì ŋ káluluwa another (i. e. one more) soul; Hindí pa rìn lubhà ŋ maliwánag. It was, however, not yet light enough. Kagìgísiŋ ko pa lámaŋ. I have only just waked up. See §§ [243]. 248.
228. palà, used after hindìʾ (§ [239]), expresses contrast with 15one’s expectation, reversal: Aŋ ísip ko y balat lámaŋ naŋ itlòg itò, hindí palà, kun díʾ itlòg na boòʾ. I thought this was only an egg-shell, but no, it was a whole egg.
229. pòʾ is expressive of politeness toward the person addressed: Oo pòʾ. Yes, sir; Yes, ma’am. Patàtawárin pòʾ! Pardon 20me; used also in refusing to give alms. Patàtawárin po naŋ ilà ŋ sandalèʾ. Excuse me for a few moments, please. Maghintú pu kayò. Please stop (plural or polite singular). Magsihintú pu kayò. Please stop (explicit plural). Umupú po kayò. Please sit down. Maupú po kayò. Please be seated. Ikinalúluŋkot ko pòʾ 25aŋ kasawià-ŋ-pálad na naŋyáre sa inyò. I lament the misfortune which has come to you. aŋ iyo pò ŋ Kamàhálan your Majesty. pòʾ precedes bà and follows nà and ŋàʾ: Kaawaàn na pòʾ ninyo kamì, poo ŋ Dyòs! Take pity on us, O Lord! Maàári pu bà ŋ kayò y maghintòʾ? Can you please stop? Occasionally pòʾ follows 30that modified: Magandà ŋ áraw pòʾ! Good day; How do you do?
230. sána expresses unreal futurity in the past or doubtful futurity in the present; in the latter sense it expresses modesty in a request: Ipaglálaba sána kità naŋ iyo ŋ damìt, ŋúnit walàʾ ako ŋ sabòn. I would wash your clothes for you, but I have no soap. 35Isinúlat ko sa kanyà ŋ pilítin sána niya ŋ màparíto sa átin, pag sya y nàrìritò sa báya ŋ itò. I wrote to him to try to get round here to us when he gets to this town.